臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

透明/雙疏薄膜於汽車、飛機的擋風玻璃、建築物玻璃及太陽能擋板等都具有廣泛之應用。本研究利用田口方法設計以PVA/SiO2透過浸鍍法粗糙化玻璃基板，再利用自組裝單分子層(self-assembled monolayer, SAMs)的方式植入低表面能的PVDF-HFP/APTMS/FAS-17氟化高分子溶液，找出最佳參數，期獲得最適化之透明/雙疏薄膜。
實驗結果顯示，以5%之PVA、1.0wt%之SiO2奈米粒子濃度、0.24wt%高分子固含量及10分鐘浸鍍時間，可獲得於可見光區(400-800 nm)最佳平均穿透度98.28%，且水滴和油滴(乙二醇)接觸角分別為125.6°與113.3°；但當PVA濃度降低為3%，並提高SiO2奈米粒子濃度為1.5wt%、高分子固含量為0.72wt%及浸鍍時間為100分鐘時，將獲得最高之水滴和油滴接觸角分別為135.6°與130.3°，此時薄膜平均穿透度為93.10%，依然高於一般玻璃穿透度。此外，雙疏薄膜在SEM觀察下具有微米及次微米之粗糙結構，在AFM分析得知最大均方根粗糙度 (RMS)為51.5 nm，且薄膜具有奈米尺度之粗糙結構。

Transparent / amphiphobic membranes had a wide of applications in car, aircraft windshields, building glass, and solar panels. In this study, the Taguchi Method was used to find the optimum parameters and get the best transparent / amphiphobic membranes. The experimental method was designed to roughen the glass substrate by PVA/SiO2 through dip-coating, and then implant the low surface energy PVDF-HFP/APTMS/FAS-17 fluorine molecular by self-assembled monolayer (SAMs) of the polymer solution.
The experimental results showed that the best average transmittance in the visible region (400-800 nm) of 98.28%, the contact angles of water droplets of 125.6°and ethylene glycol of 113.3°can be obtained on the condition of the PVA of 5%, SiO2 nanoparticle concentration of 1.0wt%, polymer solid content of 0.24wt% and the dip-coating time of 10 minutes. However, the highest water droplets contact angles of 135.6°, oil droplets contact angles of 130.3°and average transmittance of 93.10% was achieved on the PVA concentration reduced to 3%, SiO2 nanoparticle concentration increased to 1.5wt%, the polymer solid content of 0.72wt%, and the dip-coating time of 100 minutes. The amphiphobic membranes had a maximum root mean square roughness (rms) of 51.5 nm and had a nano-scale roughness structure which were observed by AFM analysis.

摘要 I
Abstract II
致謝 IV
目錄 V
表目錄 IX
圖目錄 X
第一章 緒論 1
1-1 前言 1
1-2 研究動機 2
1-3 研究架構 3
第二章 相關知識與文獻回顧 5
2-1疏水理論 5
2-2表面潤濕理論 7
2-2-1楊氏(Young’s)方程式 7
2-2-2溫佐(Wenzel)方程式 8
2-2-3卡西-巴斯特(Cassie and Baxter)方程式 10
2-2-4介於溫佐和卡西-巴斯特兩狀態之間的過渡狀態 11
2-2-5傾斜角與表面濕潤性質之關係 11
2-3疏油理論 12
2-4抗反射光學原理 16
2-4-1破壞性干涉機制 16
2-4-2漸變折射率機制 17
2-5塗佈方法 18
2-5-1刮刀塗佈法 18
2-5-2浸鍍法 19
2-6實驗設計法 20
2-6-1試誤法 20
2-6-2一次一因子實驗法 20
2-6-3全因子實驗法 21
2-6-4田口式直交表實驗法 21
2-6-5田口實驗相關文獻 23
2-7透明/雙疏薄膜相關文獻回顧 25
2-7-1製備超疏水表面之方法 25
2-7-2製備超疏油表面之方法 27
2-7-3製備雙疏、超雙疏表面之方法 28
2-7-4製備透明/疏水、超疏水表面之方法 30
2-7-5製備透明/雙疏表面之方法 34
2-8雙疏表面製程方法 36
第三章 實驗 38
3-1 實驗藥品 38
3-2 實驗設備 40
3-2-1 Milli-Q超純水系統 40
3-2-2 電磁加熱攪拌器 40
3-2-3超音波震盪器 41
3-2-4可程式化高溫爐 42
3-2-5浸鍍機（Dip-coater）/機械手臂 43
3-3 分析儀器 44
3-3-1靜態接觸角測量儀 44
3-3-2紫外光-可見光 (UV-vis) 光譜儀 45
3-3-3掃描式電子顯微鏡 (Scanning electron microscope, SEM) 46
3-3-4原子力顯微鏡 (Atomic Force Microscope, AFM) 47
3-4 實驗方法 49
3-4-1玻璃基板的前置清洗流程 49
3-4-2氟化高分子溶液配製 49
3-4-3 PVA/ SiO2浸鍍液之配製 50
3-4-4不同鍍膜之製程 50
3-5 田口式實驗 52
3-5-1田口式實驗設計 52
3-5-2本研究之田口實驗設計因子 56
第四章 結果與討論 58
4-1利用不同塗佈方法製備透明/雙疏薄膜 58
4-2田口式實驗設計 60
4-2-1田口實驗之薄膜穿透度分析 60
4-2-2田口實驗之薄膜水滴接觸角分析 67
4-2-3田口實驗之薄膜油滴接觸角分析 69
4-2-4田口實驗之最佳參數 71
4-3確認性實驗結果總整理 72
4-3-1最佳參數之薄膜穿透度分析 72
4-3-2最佳參數之薄膜水滴接觸角分析 74
4-3-3最佳參數之薄膜油滴接觸角分析 75
4-3-4最佳參數之薄膜之表面型態分析 77
4-3-5最佳參數之薄膜粗糙度與潤濕行為分析 81
第五章 結論 83
第六章 參考文獻 85

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