A6061鋁合金具有密度小、成型性好、銲接性佳等優點，屬於AlMgSi系鋁合金，主要強化相為β(Mg２Si)相，廣泛應用於造船、汽車製造、航空等領域，也因其具有極佳的塑性，容易受高溫影響而變型，對於薄板銲接發展性不利，易有融穿、材料變形等問題。本實驗使用微電漿銲接法對厚度僅1 mm之6061鋁合金薄板進行銲接，由於工作電流可控制在50 安培(A)以下，且電漿束集中，能較準確控制熱量大小並減少熱量損失，對於薄板銲接相對有利，本研究比較銲接走速及脈波對銲道組織性質的作用。研究結果顯示脈波會影響銲道晶粒大小進而改變其銲道強度，使用脈波均能得到較細的銲道組織，在抗拉強度的表現上較為優異，而改變銲接走速並無觀察到特別的影響，考量時間成本及經濟效益，以開啟脈波銲接走速1 cm/s(LHI-P)為本研究最佳參數，能在減少銲接工作時間的同時維持銲道品質。

A6061 aluminum alloy has the advantages of low density, good formability, and good weldability. It belongs to AlMgSi series aluminum alloy. The main strengthening phase is β (Mg2Si) phase. It is widely used in shipbuilding, automobile manufacturing, aviation and other fields. Due to its high plasticity, the alloy is easily deformed by the influence of high temperature, which is not conducive to the development of thin plate welding, and is prone to problems such as penetration and material deformation. In this experiment, a micro-plasma welding method was used to weld 6061 aluminum alloy plates with a thickness of only 1 mm. Since the welding current can be controlled below 50 Amp, the plasma beam is concentrated, and the heat can be controlled more accurately and the heat loss can be reduced. It is more advantageous for thin plate welding. The effects of welding speed and pulse wave on weld bead performance was studied in this research. The results showed that the pulse wave will affect the grain size of the weld bead, and then change its weld bead strength. The pulse wave can be used to obtain a finer weld bead structure with excellent tensile strength, but it is not observed when the welding speed was changed. For special effects, considering the time cost and economic benefits, the best parameter studied is to turn on the pulse wave welding speed of 1cm/s (LHI-P), which can reduce the welding work time while maintaining the welding quality.

摘要...i
Abstract...ii
誌謝...iii
目錄...iv
表目錄...vi
圖目錄...vii
第一章 緒論...1
1.1 前言...1
1.2研究動機與目的...1
第二章 文獻回顧...2
2.1 鋁合金介紹...2
2.1.1 鋁歷史...2
2.1.2鋁的提煉...2
2.1.3 鋁合金特性...3
2.1.4 鋁合金種類及編號...3
2.2 鋁合金強化機制...6
2.2.1 固溶強化...6
2.2.2 散佈強化...6
2.2.3 析出硬化...7
2.2.4 晶粒細化強化...7
2.2.5 加工硬化...8
2.3 鋁合金板製造方法與應用...9
2.3.5 基本性質...12
2.4 銲接特性...14
2.5 微電漿銲接...15
2.5.1 原理...15
2.5.2 種類...16
2.5.3 微電漿銲接優缺點...16
2.5.4 微電漿銲接參數...18
2.5.5 鋁合金銲道缺陷...19
2.6 銲道凝固理論...21
第三章 實驗方法...26
3.1 實驗流程...26
3.2 銲接前處理...27
3.2.1 鋁合金表面前處理...27
3.2.2 夾具...27
3.2.3 自走台...29
3.3 微弧電漿銲...29
3.4 組織結構觀察...31
3.4.1 試片製作...31
3.4.2 組織觀察...32
3.5 組織微觀結構元素分析...33
3.6 相結構分析...34
3.7 硬度試驗...34
3.8 拉伸試驗...35
第四章 實驗結果與討論...37
4.1 銲接參數對銲道成形之影響...37
4.1.1 銲接走速之分析...37
4.1.2 銲接電流之分析...37
4.1.3 脈波電流之分析...38
4.2 顯微組織分析...40
4.2.1 鋁合金母材金相組織分析...40
4.2.2 鋁合金銲道金相組織分析...40
4.2.3 鋁合金銲道、熱影響區與母材之分析...41
4.3 SEM/EDS元素分析...50
4.4 XRD分析...61
4.5 微小維氏硬度分析...62
4.6 拉伸試驗...65
第五章 結論...70
參考文獻...71
Extended Abstract...74

[1].G.S. Cole, A.M. Sherman, "Light Weight Materials for Automotive Applications", Materials Characterization, 1995, 35 (1), pp.3-9.
[2].M. Sokoluk, C. Cao, S. Pan, X. Li, "Nanoparticle-Enabled Phase Control for Arc Welding of Unweldable Aluminum Alloy 7075", Nature Communications, 2019, 10(1), pp.1-8.
[3].S. Won, B. Seo, J. M. Park, H. Kim, K. H. Song, S. H. Min, T. K. Ha, K. Park, "Corrosion Behaviors of Friction Welded Dissimilar Aluminum Alloys", Materials Characterization, 2018, 144, pp.652-660.
[4].A.H. Monazzah, R. Bagheri, S.S. Reihani, H. Pouraliakbar, "Toughness Enhancement in Architecturally Modified Al6061-5 vol.% SiCp Laminated Composites", International Journal of Damage Mechanics, 2014, 24, pp.245-262.
[5].H. Wang, X. Liu, L. Liu, "Research on Laser-TIG Hybrid Welding of 6061-T6 Aluminum Alloys Joint and Post Heat Treatment", Metals, 2020, 10(1), 130.
[6].D. Golański, T. Chmielewski, B. Skowrońska, D. Rochalski, "Advanced Applications of Microplasma Welding", Biuletyn Instytutu Spawalnictwa, 2018, 5, pp.53-63.
[7].D. Ashkenazi, "How Aluminum Changed the World: A Metallurgical Revolution Through Technological and Cultural Perspectives", Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 2019, 143, pp.101-113.
[8].A.R. Hind, S.K. Bhargava, S.C. Grocott, "The Surface Chemistry of Bayer Process Solids: A Review", Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects, 1999, 146(1-3), pp.359-374.
[9].Z. Luo, A. Soria, "Prospective Study of the World Aluminium Industry", JRC Scientific and Technical Reports, 2007.
[10].F.M. Mazzolani, "Aluminum Alloy Structures", Boston: Pitman Publishing Inc, 1985.
[11].D. Brough, H. Jouhara, "The Aluminium Industry: A Review on State-of-the-art Technologies, Environmental Impacts and Possibilities for Waste Heat Recovery", International Journal of Thermofluids, 2020, 1-2.
[12].張楚均，摩擦攪拌複合銲接對鋁合金的顯微組織及腐蝕特性之影響，國立虎尾科技大學，碩士論文，雲林縣，2020，3頁。
[13].P.L. Threadgill, A.J. Leonaed, H.R. Sherecliff, P.J. Withers, "Friction Stir Welding of Aluminium Alloys", International Materials Reviews, 2009, 54(2), pp.49-93.
[14].C.E. Carlton, P.J. Ferreira, "What is Behind the Inverse Hall-Petch Effect in Nanocrystalline Materials ?", Acta Materialia, 2007, 55(11), pp.3749-3756.
[15].S. Foda, P. Agathokli, "Control of the Metal Rolling Process : A Multidimensional System Approach", Journal of the Franklin Institute, 1992, 329, pp.317-332.
[16].G.A. Edwards, K. Stiller, G.L. Dunlop, M.J. Couper, "The Precipitation Sequence in Al-Mg-Si Alloys", Acta Materialia, 1998, 46(11), pp.3893-3904.
[17].Zeli Arhumah, " Characterization of microstructure and mechanical behaviour of heat affected zones in robotic arc welding of AA6061-T6", Master’s Degree with Thesis in Mechanical Engineering, École de technologie supérieure, Université du Québec, 2019, pp.5.
[18].陳裕川，等離子弧銲技術的新發展(一)，現代銲接， 2008，8，6-10頁。
[19].Plasma電離子焊接機，志盛億科技股份有限公司，取自：http://www.csy-tech.com/?f=Plasma-Welding-Machines。
[20].陳永甡，銲接學，新文京圖書有限公司，台北市，2002， 60-70頁。
[21].C.D. Lundin, W.T. Delong, D.F. Spond, "Ferrite-Fissuring Relationship in Austenitic Stainless Steel Weld Metals", Welding Journal, 1975, 54, pp.241-246.
[22].W. Chuaiphan, L. Srijaroenpramong, "Effect of Welding Speed on Microstructures, Mechanical Properties and Corrosion Behavior of GTA-welded AISI 201 Stainless Steel Sheets", Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 2014, 214(2), pp.402-408.
[23].Subhajit Mitra, Kanwer Singh Arora, Basudev Bhattacharya, Shiv Brat Singh, " Effect of Welding Speed on the Prediction Accuracy of Residual Stress in Laser Welded 1.2 mm Thick Dual Phase Steel", Manufacturing and Materials Processing, 2020, 7, pp.74-87.
[24].S. Kou, "Transport Phenomena and Materials Processing", John Wily & Sons, New York, 1996.
[25].S. Kou, "Welding Metallurgy", Second Edition, John Wily & Sons, New York, 2003.
[26].V.D. Shelyagin, A.M. Orishich, V.Y. Khaskin, A.G. Malikov, A.A. Chajka, "Technological Peculiarities of Laser, Microplasma and Hybrid Laser-Microplasma Welding of Aluminium Alloys", The Paton Welding Journal, 2014, 5, pp.33-39.
[27].M.B. Chennaiah, P.N. Kumar, K.P. Rao, "Effect of Pulsed TIG Welding Parameters on the Microstructure and Micro-Hardness of AA6061 Joints", Journal of Material Sciences & Engineering, 2015, 4(4).
[28].H. Wang, X. Liu, L. Liu, "Research on Laser-TIG Hybrid Welding of 6061-T6 Aluminum Alloys Joint and Post Heat Treatment", Metals, 2020, 10, 130.
[29].Z. Xin ,Z. Yang, H. Zhao, Y. Chen, "Comparative Study on Welding Characteristics of Laser-CMT and Plasma-CMT Hybrid Welded AA6082-T6 Aluminum Alloy Butt Joints", Materials, 2019,12, 3300.
[30].J.S. Leu, C.L. Chu, Y.K. Fuh, E.W. Huang, K.F. Lin, S. Lee, "The Combination of Rolling-and-T6-Treatments with Al2O3-Reinforcing Particles Effect on A6061 Metal-Matrix Composites", Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part L: Journal of Materials: Design and Applications, 2014, pp.1-7.
[31].S. Kou, "Welding Metallurgy", Second Edition, John Wiley & Sons, Hoboken, New Jersey, 2003.
[32].Y. Liang, J. Shen, S. Hu, H. Wang, J. Pang, "Effect of TIG Current on Microstructural and Mechanical Properties of 6061-T6 Aluminium Alloy Joints by TIG-CMT Hybrid Welding", Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 2018, 255, pp.161-174.