臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本研究利用光纖雷射接合鋁基板與摻鈰釔鋁石榴石，先利用鋁漿在鋁基板面塗佈鋁薄膜，再將摻鈰釔鋁石榴石與鋁基板搭接後，利用雷射對鋁基板鑽孔形成機械銷式的接合效果，為了確認光纖雷射鑽孔後的接合效果，本實驗分為鋁基板間接合與鋁基板接合摻鈰釔鋁石榴石螢光陶瓷，比較同質與異質材料的接合效果。
以光學顯微鏡觀察不同參數下雷射鑽孔鋁基板間接合，可以發現在相同的加工時間3秒到6秒的參數下，雷射功率20 W與30 W，無法穿透厚度為0.5 mm的鋁基板，當雷射功率提升至40 W與50 W時，雷射可以穿透填料鋁漿，並對下方鋁基板做加工。以掃描式電子顯微鏡觀察雷射孔洞區域，在填料與上下鋁片的界面處出現鋁片與填料的混合物，以此判斷雷射過程中，熔化的鋁片與填料有部分會因雷射汽化，而有部分會因為反沖壓力凝固於填料與鋁片間的界面處，形成機械銷式的結構。
參考鋁基板搭接的結果，使用功率40 W以上做為實驗參數，以掃描式電子顯微鏡分析，雷射孔洞深度約435 μm-990 μm，孔洞形貌呈不規則狀與尖錐狀，孔洞頂部的寬度約為116 μm-191 μm，以拉曼分析得知，雷射孔洞區域均為YAG相，經歸一化處理後得知3個孔洞分別位移1.13 cm-1、0.03 cm-1與0.06 cm-1判斷雷射熔化YAG:Ce後，因冷卻速率過快致使晶粒還未生長完成就凝固，導致晶格較為小。顯微光致發光分析，雷射孔洞區域黃光量高於SSR(solid state reaction)區域，測量雷射孔洞周圍發現，在雷射孔洞間的黃光量高於單一孔洞間的黃光量，因為在雷射加工的過程中，使加工區域周圍也會有熱能產生，這類似於退火的過程影響發光強度，將雷射孔洞數據歸一化處理後得知，雷射加工後均出現紅移，約為3.36nm-11.87 nm。

This study utilizes fiber laser for bonding aluminum substrates with cerium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet (YAG:Ce) ceramics. Initially, aluminum paste is applied to the aluminum substrate surface to form a thin aluminum film. Subsequently, YAG:Ce is overlap onto the aluminum substrate, followed by laser drilling to achieve mechanically interlocked joints on the aluminum substrate. To assess the bonding efficacy post laser drilling, the experiment compares joints between aluminum substrates alone and those bonded with YAG:Ce, evaluating the bonding effectiveness of homogeneous and heterogeneous materials.
Optical microscopy analysis of laser-drilled joints between aluminum substrates under various parameters reveals that at laser powers of 20 W and 30 W and processing durations ranging from 3 to 6 seconds, the laser fails to penetrate the 0.5 mm thick aluminum substrate. However, at higher powers of 40 W and 50 W, the laser successfully penetrates the aluminum paste filler and processes the underlying aluminum substrate. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) examination of the laser-drilled hole regions reveals a mixture of aluminum and filler material at the interface between the filler and the upper/lower aluminum layers, indicating that during the laser process, melted aluminum and filler material partly vaporize due to the laser's energy and solidify under recoil pressure at the interface, thereby forming a mechanically interlocked structure.
Based on the results of the aluminum substrate bonding, experimental parameters of 40 W and above are selected. SEM analysis indicates that laser-drilled hole depths range from approximately 435 μm to 990 μm, exhibiting irregular and conical shapes. The top widths of the holes measure approximately 116 μm to 191 μm. Raman spectroscopy confirms that the laser-drilled hole regions consist entirely of the YAG phase. Normalization of the Raman spectra reveals shifts of 1.13 cm-1, 0.03 cm-1, and 0.06 cm-1, indicating that rapid cooling following laser melting of YAG results in grain expansion before complete crystallization. Micro-photoluminescence analysis demonstrates higher yellow light emission in the laser-drilled hole areas compared to regions processed by solid-state reaction (SSR). Measurements around the laser-drilled holes indicate that yellow light emission between holes is higher than within individual holes, suggesting peripheral thermal energy generation during laser processing, akin to annealing effects, impacting luminescence intensity. Normalization of laser-drilled hole data reveals a red shift of approximately 3.36 nm to 11.87 nm post laser processing.

摘要...i
Abstract...iii
誌謝...v
目錄...vi
表目錄...viii
圖目錄...ix
1 第一章 緒論...1
1.1 前言...1
1.2 研究動機與目的...1
2 第二章 理論基礎與文獻回顧...2
2.1 數位光投影簡介...2
2.2 螢光材料簡介...2
2.2.1 釔鋁石榴石...3
2.2.2 光致發光...3
2.2.3 發光二極體發展...4
2.3 鋁簡介...5
2.4 異質材料接合技術...5
2.5 雷射簡介...8
2.6 雷射接合技術...9
2.6.1 雷射接合金屬與金屬技術...9
2.6.2 雷射接合陶瓷與金屬技術...15
2.6.3 雷射接合金屬與塑膠技術...22
2.7 儀器原理...26
2.7.1 光學顯微鏡...26
2.7.2 掃描式電子顯微鏡...26
2.7.3 光致發光...27
2.7.4 拉曼光譜儀...27
3 第三章 實驗方法...28
3.1 實驗流程...28
3.2 實驗藥品與耗材...28
3.3 實驗設備...29
3.4 分析儀器...30
3.4.1 光學顯微鏡...30
3.4.2 粗度儀...30
3.4.3 掃描式電子顯微鏡...30
3.4.4 拉曼光譜儀...31
3.4.5 拉伸試驗機...31
3.4.6 顯微光致發光...31
3.5 實驗步驟...32
3.5.1 雷射鋁基板搭接...32
3.5.2 鋁基板搭接拉伸試驗...33
3.5.3 固態反應法製備YAG:Ce(solid state reaction, SSR)...33
3.5.4 雷射接合YAG:Ce與鋁基板...34
4 第四章 結果與討論...35
4.1 雷射鋁基板搭接...35
4.1.1 OM表面形貌...36
4.1.2 粗度儀表面形貌...39
4.1.3 SEM微觀結構...40
4.1.4 拉伸試驗...44
4.1.5 拉伸後雷射鋁基板表面形貌...48
4.1.6 拉曼成分分析...50
4.2 雷射接合YAG:Ce與鋁基板...51
4.2.1 鋁基板與YAG:Ce接合表面形貌...51
4.2.2 OM表面形貌...51
4.2.3 SEM微觀結構...52
4.2.4 拉曼成分分析...55
4.2.5 顯微光致發光...69
5 結論...77
6 參考文獻...79

[1]騰毅數位科技，投影技術3LCD與DLP之比較。
[2]葉耀宗等人，螢光材料之發展現況與展望，工業材料雜誌，2016，第352期。
[3]釔鋁石榴石，維基百科。
[4]謝嘉民等人，光激發螢光量測的原理、架構及應用，科儀新知，1995，第6期。
[5]劉如熹等人，LED照明光源展望(一):從藍光紫外光到白光，工業材料雜誌，2005，第220期。
[6]邱奕禎等人，白光LED用螢光材料發展現況，工業材料雜誌，2012，第307期。
[7]台灣輕金屬協會，鋁-特性及應用。
[8]張香鈜，材料世界網，異質整合晶圓發展趨勢。
[9]蕭瑞聖，經濟部產業技術司，異質材料汽車零組件接合技術。
[10]Fayaz Ahmad Mir et al., Recent advances and development in joining ceramics to metals, Materials Today: Proceedings, 2021, 46, 6570-6575.
[11]Lei Yu et al., Mechanical properties and joining mechanism of hot isostatic pressing (HIP) diffusion bonded Ni60A-0Cr18Ni10Ti heterogeneous joint, Materials Characterization, 2024, 209, 113748.
[12]Junbo Xia et al., Rapid joining of heterogeneous ceramics with a composite interlayer under the action of an electric field, Journal of the European Ceramic Society, 2021, 41, 7146-7169.
[13]Betül Nur Güzey et al., Investigation of mechanical and microstructural properties in joining dissimilar P355GH and stainless 316L steels by TIG welding process, International Journal of Pressure Vessels and Piping , 2023, 205, 104965.
[14]劉海北，雷射的原理與應用，科學發展雜誌，2005，第386期。
[15]維嘉科技，光纖雷射原理與應用。
[16]Keyence，雷射焊接的原理。
[17]葉錦清，雷射光在製造業之發展趨勢分析，材料世界網。
[18]Xiao bing Cao et al., An investigation on laser/DP-MIG hybrid weldability of aluminum to Al-Si coated boron steel, Optics & Laser Technology150, 2022, 107939.
[19]Guo yun Luo et al., Improving mechanical properties of quasi-continuous-wave laser beam welded 7075 aluminum alloy through microstructural refinement and homogenization of the fusion zone, Optics and Laser Technology153, 2022, 108221.
[20]Jia si Cai et al., Investigation on clockwise circular oscillating laser welding for the 5A06-H112 aluminum alloy: Energy distribution, seam appearance, microstructure, and mechanical properties, Optics and Laser Technology176, 2024, 111026.
[21]Jia fu ZHOU et al., Effect of adding Nb foil on joint properties of laser fusion welding for TC4 titanium and 7075 aluminum alloy, Chinese Journal of Aeronautics36, 2023, 508-521.
[22]Kai Ding et al., Role of the position of the laser spot in the failure transition during the tensile test for the laser welding-brazing of galvanized CRRA1000 steel to 5754 aluminum alloy in an overlapped joint, Materials Science & Engineering A880, 2023, 145314.
[23]Xiu quan Ma et al., Dissimilar joining of low-carbon steel to aluminum alloy with TiC particles added in a zero-gap lap joint configuration by laser welding, Materials Characterization182, 2021, 111574.
[24]Gao yang Yu et al., Laser beam joining of Al/steel dissimilar metals with Sn-Zn filler wire in overlap configuration, Journal of Manufacturing Processes60, 2020, 481-493.
[25]Ying hao Feng et al., Direct joining of quartz glass and copper by nanosecond laser, Ceramics International, 2023, 49, 36056-36070.
[26]Lin Zhang et al., Glass to aluminum joining by forming a mechanical pin structure using femtosecond laser, Journal of Materials Processing Tech, 2022, 302, 117504.
[27]Bo wei Luo et al., Laser joining of Al2O3 liners with Al2O3–MgO–SiO2 glass-ceramic fillers, Journal of Materials Processing Tech, 2018, 260, 48-56.
[28]Chang-Cong Huang et al., Joining of SiC ceramics using high-silicon aluminum alloy fillers assisted by laser cladding, Journal of Materials Research and Technology, 2023, 24, 5675-5686.
[29]Chen Yu et al., Laser welding of ZrO2 ceramics and 304 stainless steel with Cu/AgCuTi composite welding, Materials Letters, 2024, 355, 135574.
[30]Zhi wei Xiong et al., Effect of laser focus shift on the forming quality, microstructure and mechanical properties of additively manufactured Al2O3–ZrO2 eutectic ceramics, Ceramics International, 2023, 49, 35948-35962.
[31]Naibin Chen et al., Joining of nanosecond laser irradiation modified-AlN and Cu, Ceramics International, 2021, 47, 27979-27986.
[32]Rui Pan et al., Micro-welding of sapphire and metal by femtosecond laser, Ceramics International, 2023, 49, 21384-21392.
[33]Duo Liu et al., Mechanical and heat transfer properties of AlN/Cu joints based on nanosecond laser-induced metallization, Journal of the European Ceramic Society, 2023, 43, 1897-1903.
[34]Jiang Chu et al., Numerical simulation of melt pool formation in laser transmission joining PET with microtextured surface pretreated SUS304 stainless steel, International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 2023, 216, 124560.
[35]Haipeng Wang et al., Enhanced laser direct joining of continuous carbon fiber reinforced polyetheretherketone and titanium alloy with controllable mechanical interlocks, Journal of Manufacturing Processes, 2023, 86, 56-65.
[36] Ruijie Hao et al., Bonding mechanism of laser joining of Poly-Ether-Ether-Ketone film which used for 5G antenna substrate to copper foil, Journal of Manufacturing Processes, 2023, 108, 153-164.
[37]E. Rodríguez-Vidal et al., Experimental investigation into metal micro-patterning by laser on polymer-metal hybrid joining, Optics and Laser Technology, 2018, 104, 73-82.
[38]Seung-Gwang Kim et al., Joining of metals and polymers using powder metallurgy with laser irradiation, Journal of Materials Processing Tech, 2019, 270, 1-7.
[39]Claudio Leone et al., Improving bonding strength of aluminium-PEEK hybrid metal-polymer joints by two-step laser surface treatment, Optics and Laser Technology, 2024, 170, 110304.
[40]勘傑科技，光學顯微鏡的優勢與限制：為何電子顯微鏡成為科學界的新寵。
[41]羅聖全，研發奈米科技的基本工具之一電子顯微鏡介紹-SEM，材料世界網，2004年。
[42]勘傑科技，如何使用掃描式電子顯微鏡(SEM)進行EDX元素分析，https://www.kctech.com.tw/%E5%A6%82%E4%BD%95%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8%E6%8E%83%E6%8F%8F%E5%BC%8F%E9%9B%BB%E5%AD%90%E9%A1%AF%E5%BE%AE%E9%8F%A1sem%E9%80%B2%E8%A1%8Cedx%E5%88%86%E6%9E%90/。
[43]新國科技，螢光光譜儀原理分析與應用，https://www.scincotaiwan.tw/zh-cht/TechnicalSupport_Detail-71.html。
[44]新國科技，淺談拉曼光譜儀分析技術原理，https://www.scincotaiwan.tw/zh-cht/TechnicalSupport_Detail-39.html。
[45] S. Kostic et al., Study of structural and optical properties of YAG and Nd:YAG single crystals, Materials Research Bulletin, 2015, 63, 80-87.
[46]斯托克位移，維基百科。
[47]王書任-新穎稀土硼酸鹽與鋅酸鹽螢光體之製備-碩士論文。