臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

隨著物聯網(Internet of Things, IoT)的興起與普及，使智慧感測裝置可更快的收集與分析資料，除了達到故障預警與檢測的功能，更可降低維修的人力成本。但在航空等高階應用上，卻是甚少有相關的研究與應用。因此，本研究將航空電子常用的通訊介面MIL-STD-1553匯流排協定，以可程式邏輯陣列(Field Programmable Gate Array, FPGA)來實現此標準，並通過Wi-Fi與個人電腦做資料的傳輸。其中，使用進階加密標準(Advanced Encryption Standard, AES)進行加密以確保資料傳輸的安全性。

此外，本研究利用FPGA實現MIL-STD-1553B匯流排的遠距終端(RT)以及匯流排監視器(BM)。其中，藉由遠距終端(RT)建置出飛行器內的感測器網路，接收匯流排控制器(BC)所下達的命令，形成一個完整的MIL-STD-1553B匯流排系統。而匯流排監視器(BM)則會將記錄到的資料備份於快閃記憶體中。透過無線加密傳輸傳送到遠程的電腦中。最後，透過遠程電腦端的使用者應用程式，將資料收集回來，做後續的分析。其中，因使用Wi-Fi無線傳輸及傳輸控制協定(Transmission Control Protocol, TCP)，所以能確保資料的完整性，且資料傳輸速率達到1.7 Mbps，證明此系統的穩定性、安全性及傳輸速度是可行的。

最後，本研究利用FPGA所設計的MIL-STD-1553B介面，只需用到約3117邏輯單元與3133組暫存器，就可建置出一套簡易與易於擴充的MIL-STD-1553B匯流排系統。因此，對於複雜的航空電子系統而言，利用FPGA來研發，能提供更高的擴充性及可靠性，並降低成本及開發時間。

With the rise and popularization of the Internet of Things (IoT), smart sensing devices can collect and analyze data faster. In addition to achieving fault warning and detection functions, it can also reduce the labor cost of maintenance. But in high level applications such as avionics system, there are very few related research and applications. Therefore, the research uses the MIL-STD-1553B bus protocol, a commonly used communication interface in avionics, to implement this standard with a Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA), and transmits data to a personal computer via Wi-Fi. Among them, the advanced encryption standard (AES) is used for encryption to ensure the security of data transmission.
In addition, the research uses FPGA to realize the MIL-STD-1553B bus remote terminal (RT) and bus monitor (BM). Among them, the remote terminal (RT) builds a sensor network in the aircraft and receives commands from the bus controller (BC) to form a complete MIL-STD-1553B bus system. The bus monitor (BM) will back up the recorded data in the flash memory. Send data to remote computer through wireless encrypted transmission. Finally, collect the data through the user application on the remote computer for subsequent analysis. Among them, due to the use of Wi-Fi wireless transmission and transmission control protocol(TCP), the integrity of the data can be ensured, and the data transmission rate reaches 1.7 Mbps, which proves that the stability, security and transmission speed of this system are feasible.
Finally, the research utilizes the MIL-STD-1553B interface designed by FPGA. It only needs about 3117 combinational ALUTs and 3133 dedicated of registers to build a simple and easy-to-expandable MIL-STD-1553B bus. system. Therefore, the FPGA is applied in the research to develop for complex avionics system can provide higher scalability and reliability, and reduce costs and development time.

摘要...i
Abstract...ii
誌謝...iii
目錄...iv
表目錄...vi
圖目錄...vii
第一章 緒論...1
1.1 研究背景...1
1.2 研究目的...1
1.3 國內外相關之研究情況...2
1.4 論文章節概述...3
第二章 系統原理...4
2.1 FPGA概念...4
2.1.1 FPGA架構...4
2.1.2 Nios II處理器核心...5
2.2 RS-422通訊協定...6
2.2.1 UART通訊協定...6
2.3 I2C通訊協定...8
2.3.1 I2C概念...8
2.3.2 I2C工作原理...8
2.4 SPI通訊協定...9
2.4.1 SPI概念...9
2.4.2 SPI工作原理...10
2.5 F-RAM元件...11
2.6 NAND Flash元件...12
2.7 MIL-STD-1553B特性與原理...13
2.7.1 MIL-STD-1553B匯流排架構...13
2.7.2 MIL-STD-1553B匯流排工作原理...14
2.7.3 MIL-STD-1553B傳輸類型...18
2.8 進階加密標準(AES)...20
2.8.1 進階加密標準(AES)介紹...20
2.8.2 進階加密標準(AES)演算法說明...20
2.9 USB 1553設備簡介...24
第三章 系統設計...25
3.1 系統架構...25
3.2 MIL-STD-1553B資料擷取節點設計...26
3.2.1 MIL-STD-1553B資料擷取節點硬體設計...26
3.2.2 Cyclone V GX Starter Kit...27
3.2.3 LTC2855元件...29
3.2.4 HI-2579元件...30
3.2.5 DS3234元件...32
3.2.6 MIL-STD-1553B資料擷取節點之FPGA設計...33
3.3 MIL-STD-1553B資料模擬節點設計...34
3.3.1 Si7021元件...35
3.3.2 MIL-STD-1553B資料模擬節點之FPGA設計...36
3.4 AES加密無線傳輸系統設計...37
3.4.1 AES加密無線傳輸系統硬體設計...37
3.4.2 SimpleLink™ Wi-Fi® Wireless MCU CC3220S...38
3.4.3 AES加密無線傳輸系統韌體設計...41
3.5 使用者應用程式設計...43
第四章 系統實驗與驗證...45
4.1 RS-422通訊協定驗證...47
4.2 I2C通訊協定驗證...48
4.3 SPI通訊協定驗證...49
4.4 MIL-STD-1553B匯流排驗證...50
4.4.1 訊息格式驗證...50
4.4.2 訊息傳輸類型驗證...52
4.5 MIL-STD-1553B匯流排節點測試...56
4.5.1 MIL-STD-1553B資料模擬節點測試...56
4.5.2 MIL-STD-1553B資料擷取節點測試...57
4.6 AES加密無線傳輸系統測試...59
4.6.1 Wi-Fi連線與TCP傳輸驗證...59
4.6.2 AES 256位元CBC加解密驗證...60
4.6.3 AES加密無線傳輸系統安全性...61
4.6.4 AES加密無線傳輸系統穩定性...63
4.6.5 AES加密無線傳輸系統資料傳輸速率測試結果...63
4.7 使用者應用程式測試...65
4.8 產品比較...68
第五章 結論與未來展望...70
5.1 結論...70
5.2 未來展望...70
參考文獻...71
Extended Abstract...74

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