臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

近年來，珊瑚纖毛蟲疾病導致全球珊瑚面臨日益嚴重的潰爛和死亡問題。在加勒比海、大堡礁和太平洋海域皆有發現纖毛蟲感染珊瑚導致潰爛之病灶。纖毛蟲感染對珊瑚造成嚴重損傷，不僅對野生珊瑚構成威脅，也對人工珊瑚的規模化養殖產生重大影響。為了有效預防和治療纖毛蟲病，本實驗以草皮珊瑚 （Briareum violacea）發現的纖毛蟲進行純化培養與鑑定，並使用三種中藥川楝子（Melia toosendan，Mt）、蓽茇（Piper longum，Pl）、使君子（Combretum indicum，Ci）之乙醇萃取物進行纖毛蟲感染與治療試驗。實驗一：進行短時間（600秒）和長時間（24小時）纖毛蟲毒性測試，最終計算出半致死濃度LC50，以應用於短時間內珊瑚檢疫或長期治療評估。實驗二：在感染纖毛蟲的珊瑚上，使用不同半致死濃度的中藥萃取物進行纖毛蟲毒性測試和珊瑚組織學觀察，使用Mt (1300 ppm)、Mt（1800 ppm）；Pl（2300 ppm）、Pl（2800 ppm）；Ci（2200 ppm）、Ci（2700 ppm）進行48小時的藥浴處理，評估草皮珊瑚的活存、組織病理學和抑制纖毛蟲效果。結果顯示，使用Mt（10000 ppm）在短時間（600秒）內能使纖毛蟲在20秒內迅速死亡。使用Mt（10000 ppm）、Mt（7500 ppm）和Mt（5000 ppm）平均在48.37秒內死亡，而Pl（10000 ppm）和Ci（10000 ppm）在443.92秒內殺死纖毛蟲。使用Mt（2500 ppm）、Mt（5000 ppm）、Mt（7500 ppm）、Pl（7500 ppm）、Pl（5000 ppm）和Ci（7500 ppm）在長時間（6小時）可使纖毛蟲完全死亡。在實驗二中，觀察到各藥物處理組皆沒有珊瑚潰爛和死亡的情況。使用Mt（1300 ppm） 與Mt（1800 ppm）可導致纖毛蟲100% 死亡，並且在草皮珊瑚組織有觀察到輕微損傷及空泡化之病灶，且沒有發現潰爛。Pl（2300 ppm）、Pl（2800 ppm）與Ci（2200 ppm）、Ci（2700 ppm）具有抑制纖毛蟲生長的效果，經過48小時的處理後，珊瑚組織有受損及空泡化。未進行治療的對照組（C）感染纖毛蟲48小時後，珊瑚的內胚層與腸繫膜組織均出現嚴重空泡化，並在內胚層中發現了纖毛蟲，而外胚層破損。綜上所述，使用川楝子1300 ppm和1800 ppm可有效的治療珊瑚纖毛蟲病。

In recent years, coral ciliate disease has caused the global coral to face an increasingly serious problem of festering and dying. Coral infection and death have been found in the Caribbean Sea, the Great Barrier Reef and the Pacific Ocean. Corals infected by ciliates will cause festering or death in a short period of time, which poses a threat to wild coral reefs and has a significant impact on large-scale coral aquaculture. In order to effectively prevent and treat coral ciliate disease, in this study, the extracts of Melia toosendan (Mt), Piper longum (Pl), and Combretum indicum (Ci) were used to treat coral ciliate disease research. Experiment 1: Conduct ciliate cytotoxic test with a short time of 600 sec and a long time of 24 h, and finally calculate the half-lethal concentration for application in short-term coral quarantine or long-term treatment. Experiment 2: After infecting corals with ciliates, the cytotoxic test and histological observation of ciliates were performed at different semi-lethal concentrations of natural botanicals, using Mt 1300 ppm, Mt 1800 ppm; Pl 2300 ppm, Pl 2800 ppm and Ci 2200 ppm, Ci 2700ppm dipping treatment for 48 h to evaluate B. violacea survival, histopathology and ciliate inhibition. The results of Experiment 1 showed that using Mt 10000 ppm in a short time (600 sec) could cause the ciliates to die quickly within 20 sec. Use Mt 10000 ppm, Mt 7500 ppm and Mt 5000 ppm to die within an average of 48.37 sec, while Pl 10000 ppm and Ci 10000 ppm kill ciliates in 443.92 sec; use Mt 2500 ppm, Mt 5000 for a long time (6 h) ppm, Mt 7500 ppm, Pl 7500 ppm, Ci 5000 ppm and Ci 7500 ppm can make ciliates 100% dead. In Experiment 2, it can be observed that there is no coral festering and death among the treatment groups. Mt 1300 ppm and Mt 1800 ppm resulted in 100% death of ciliates, and only slight damage was observed in the tissue of B. violacea, and no vacuum or festering was observed. The use of Pl 2300 ppm, 2800 ppm, Ci 2200 ppm and 2700 ppm has the effect of inhibiting the growth and infection of ciliates. The coral tissue was slightly damaged after 48 h of treatment, and no vacuum was found. In the no treatment group (C) 48 h after infection, severe vacuolation occurred in the endoderm and gastric vessel lumen of corals, and ciliates were found in the endoderm. In summary, the use of Mt 1300 ppm and Mt 1800 ppm can be effectively applied in the treatment of coral ciliates.

中文摘要 I
英文摘要 III
誌謝 Ｖ
目錄 VII
表目錄 X
圖目錄 XI
一 、緒論 1
1.1 珊瑚價值 1
1.2 珊瑚重要性 2
1.3 觀賞珊瑚 2
二 、文獻探討 4
2.1 珊瑚寄生蟲疾病 4
2.1.1 纖毛蟲病 5
2.1.2 纖毛蟲感染珊瑚 6
2.1.3 纖毛蟲疾病治療 7
2.2 中草藥介紹 8
2.2.1 川楝子（Melia toosendan） 8
2.2.2 使君子（Combretum indicum） 10
2.2.3 蓽茇（Piper longum） 11
2.3 草皮珊瑚 （Briareum violacea） 12
2.4 實驗目的 13
三 、草皮珊瑚（Briareum violacea）病原纖毛蟲之培養、鑑定及藥物測試之研究 14
3.1 實驗設計 14
3.2 纖毛蟲的培養 15
3.3 水質參數 15
3.4 纖毛蟲擴大培養 15
3.5 纖毛蟲之鑑定 16
3.6 纖毛蟲生長實驗 16
3.7 中藥萃取 17
3.8 纖毛蟲短時間內毒殺實驗 17
3.9 纖毛蟲長時間毒殺實驗 17
3.10 統計分析 18
3.11 結果 19
3.11.1 纖毛蟲鑑定與形態學觀察 19
3.11.2 纖毛蟲的培養 19
3.11.3 纖毛蟲短時間毒殺實驗 20
3.11.4 纖毛蟲長時間毒殺實驗 22
3.12 討論 25
3.12.1 纖毛蟲的純化與培養 25
3.12.2 投餵對纖毛蟲增殖之影響 26
3.12.3 纖毛蟲的毒殺 27
四 、草皮珊瑚（Briareum violacea）病原纖毛蟲防治之研究 56
4.1 實驗設計 56
4.2 毒殺藥物濃度 57
4.3 珊瑚來源 57
4.4 珊瑚治療纖毛蟲毒殺試驗 57
4.5 珊瑚組織病理檢視 58
4.6 結果 59
4.6.1 珊瑚治療纖毛蟲毒殺試驗 59
4.6.2 健康珊瑚組織 60
4.6.3 病理組織檢視 60
4.6.4 藥物攻擊試驗 61
4.7 討論 64
五 、結論 80
六 、附錄 81
七 、參考文獻 94

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