臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

台灣工具機產業多以中小企業為主體，憑藉彈性製造及靈活應變的能力，配合完善的衛星協力廠加工體系，具有零件取得容易及組裝迅速的優勢。在新機種開發方面，業者往往使用經驗法則來開發機台，導致需要耗費大量時間及成本，因此能掌握機台結構的特性有助於機台結構的修改與新機種的開發，其中，介面剛性對工具機動態特性影響甚鉅，但介面剛性值因影響因素眾多，導致確切的介面剛性值求取不易。
本研究主要以務實的方式建立工具機在有限元素分析軟體中介面剛性的調整方法。首先，分別對單鑄件進行數值模態分析與實驗模態分析，再以實驗模態分析得到模態參數為目標，反覆修飾各鑄件的材料密度、彈性係數以及浦松氏比，同時在數值模態分析時，對有限元素模型進行簡化與網格收斂，確保分析的品質與效率。接著，考慮工具機是由堆疊的方式組立而成，因此考慮了各接觸面的受力狀態，使用有限元素軟體計算各接觸介面在組件堆疊後，接觸面受力所產生的變形量與形變，再透過材料力學公式推估各介面剛性的初始值。最後，依序導入各部位的介面接觸剛性於數值模態分析中，觀察分析中模態參數的變化，選擇對模態參數影響較顯著的介面作為主要調整部位，再藉由所規劃的調整方式修改介面剛性值。實驗結果顯示，由介面剛性模擬結果可得知，相較於立柱螺栓鎖緊介面與線軌滑塊接觸介面，地腳介面剛性是影響數值模態分析結果的主要介面；由實驗模態分析與調整後地腳剛性模擬結果比對得知，整機自然頻率誤差不超過5%，說明使用提出的地腳介面剛性調整方法具有參考性。

Machine-tool industry in Taiwan is mostly dominated by small and medium-sized enterprises which have flexible manufacturing, flexible adaptability and with a complete satellite cooperative factory processing system. Hence, it has the advantages of easy parts acquisition and rapid assembly. In the development of the new models, the industry often uses the rules of thumb to develop the machine-tool, which requires a lot of time and cost. Therefore, the ability to grasp the characteristics of the machine structure is helpful to the modification of the machine structure and the development of new models. Among them, the interface stiffness has a great influence on the dynamic characteristics of the machine-tool, but the interface stiffness coefficient is difficult to obtain due to many influencing factors.
This study adopts a practical approach to establishe the adjustment method of the interface stiffness for the machine-tool through the finite element analysis software. First, numerical simulation and experimental modal analysis (EMA) for every single subsystem of machine-tool structure is performed. Then, the parameters obtained from EMA are used as the objective criterion function, the numerical modal analysis is performed iteratively to solve the material Young's modulus and Poisson’s ratio for each single subsystem structure, in which the finite element model is simplified and mesh convergence are performed to ensure the quality and efficiency for numerical analysis. Next, by considering the machine-tool is assembled by stacking and the loading on each contact surface is deduced, and the finite element analysis software is used to calculate the deformation of each contact interface after every single subsystem is stacked. The initial value of the interface stiffness estimated by the deformation formula in the mechanics of material is used as the initial condition for iterative calculation in numerical modal analysis. The changes of the modal parameters are observed in the analysis and the interface which has a significant impact on the modal parameters variations is selected as the main adjustment target. Then, the adjustment method proposed in this study is applied to modify this interface stiffness coefficient. The results show ground-support interface stiffness plays the most important role that affects the numerical analysis results intensively. After the repeated adjustments of the interface stiffness coefficient of ground-support, the error of the natural frequency of the whole machine-tool is less than 5% which is from the comparison of experimental modal and numerical modal analysis results. It indicates that the proposed adjustment method in this study for ground-support interface stiffness coefficient has a valuable reference in practical use.

摘要.........i
Abstract.........ii
誌謝.........iv
目錄.........v
表目錄.........vi
圖目錄.........vii
第一章 緒論.........1
1.1 研究背景.........1
1.2 研究動機與目的.........1
1.3 文獻回顧.........2
1.4 研究方法.........5
1.5 論文架構.........5
第二章 理論基礎.........6
2.1 快速傅立葉轉換.........6
2.2 關聯性函數.........8
2.3 頻率響應函數.........9
第三章 模態分析與模型驗證.........12
3.1 實驗模態分析.........13
3.2 數值模態分析.........23
3.3 結果與討論.........29
第四章 介面剛性調整方法.........38
4.1 接觸介面模型建立...39
4.2 接觸介面剛性影響評估.........42
4.3 接觸剛性調整.........44
第五章 結論.........54
參考文獻.........55
附錄A.........57
Extended Abstract.........59

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