臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

由於碳纖維複合材料(CFRP)具有高強度與高剛性與重量輕特性，通常用於航空，汽車，船舶高性能結構。但傳統熱固性樹脂碳纖維在厚度方向無纖維補強，受到衝擊後容易造成損傷，耐衝擊性較差，而熱塑性樹脂有極佳的韌性與抗衝擊性能，所以在耐衝擊部分較多產品使用熱塑性樹脂碳纖維複材。
本研究主要探討熱塑性碳纖維與熱固性碳纖維之機械性質，基材分別為熱固性環氧樹脂(Epoxy)及熱塑性聚丙烯(Polypropylene)，在強化材的部分碳纖維又分為平紋編織與斜紋編織，實驗中先將熱固與熱塑複材個別成型後，對這些材料分別進行機械特性試驗(拉伸、壓縮、彎曲)，之後選出熱塑碳纖維最佳成型參數，再進行熱固與熱塑碳纖維熱壓貼合後和破壞特性(落錘試衝擊與脫層試驗)量測，探討熱固及熱塑碳纖維混合疊層板與全熱固碳纖維疊層板之間抗衝擊差異。
由實驗中得出熱塑碳纖維以160℃成型溫度最佳，其中熱固與熱塑碳纖維機械特性比較，皆以斜紋編織強度與模數較強。而在30J衝擊能量下，8層熱固添加2層熱塑碳纖維能比12層全熱固碳纖維更耐抗衝擊。由脫層實驗結果驗證了熱塑碳纖維貼合層間的特性相當好，層間的脫層強度明顯高於此材料在懸臂樑狀態下的彎曲強度，使得在DCB測試中，懸臂樑已經產生破壞下，脫層並未產生。而熱固與熱塑熱壓貼合，因熱固與熱塑碳纖維剛性相差太多，所以變形集中在熱塑一邊，導致試片破壞，但層間黏合強度難以將兩者分離。

Because carbon fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP) composite materials have high strength, high stiffness and light weight, it is widely used in high performance structures for aircrafts, automobiles and ships. However, the traditional thermosetting composites have no fiber reinforcement in the direction of thickness, which is damaged after impact, and the impact resistance is poor. The thermoplastic composites have excellent toughness and impact resistance. Therefore, many products in the impact resistance part are composed of thermoplastic matrix fiber composites.
In this study, the mechanical properties of thermoplastic and thermosetting carbon fiber-reinforced polymer composites were investigated. The matrix resins are thermosetting epoxy and thermoplastic polypropylene. The carbon fabrics used in this study are divided into plain weave and twill weave. The thermosetting and thermoplastic composite are formed via hot-pressure process, and the mechanical properties tests (tensile, compression and flexural) are performed on these materials, and then the optimal processing parameters of the composites is discussed. The performance of the hybrid materials was measured via drop weight impact testing.
It is concluded from the experiments that the forming temperature of the thermoplastic composites is best at 160℃. The mechanical properties of the thermosetting and thermoplastic composites are compared, and the composites reinforced with twill weave fabric have a relatively high value of strength and modulus. The drop weight impact testing showed that the composite with the hybrid material has a higher value of the impact resistant compared with the composite with the thermosetting composite only. The delamination experiment results verify that the characteristics of the thermoplastic composite have excellent bonding properties. The delamination strength between the layers is significantly higher than the bending strength of the substrate in the double cantilever beam (DCB) tests, so that the substrate has been damaged but delamination did not occur. For the hybrid material composed of thermosetting and thermoplastic composite, because the rigidity of thermosetting and thermoplastic carbon fiber is different, the deformation is concentrated on the thermoplastic side, causing the test specimen to break, but the bonding strength between the layers is sufficient to separate the two.

目錄
口試審定書 ii
摘要 iii
Abstract iv
致謝 vi
目錄 vii
圖目錄 x
表目錄 xv
第1章 緒論 1
1.1 前言 1
1.2 文獻回顧 2
1.3 研究動機與目的 4
1.4 論文架構 5
第2章 理論背景 6
2.1 複合材料論述 6
2.1.1 基材(Matrix) 6
2.1.2 補強材(Reinforcement) 9
2.2 複合材料預浸材成型技術 11
2.2.1 溶劑型預浸法 11
2.2.2 熱熔型預浸法 12
2.2.3 薄膜堆疊法 12
2.3 衝擊性質 13
2.4 非破壞檢測 14
第3章 實驗材料與測試設備 17
3.1 實驗選用材料 17
3.1.1 碳纖維環氧樹脂預浸材 17
3.1.2 碳纖維聚丙烯板材 20
3.2 實驗試片成型之相關材料 21
3.3 實驗成型相關設備 25
3.4 實驗測試量測之相關設備 31
第4章 實驗流程與方法 40
4.1 實驗流程 40
4.2 熱固與熱塑碳纖維複材疊層板成型與試片製作 41
4.2.1 碳纖維疊層板成型方法 41
4.2.2 試片加工方法 44
4.2.3 拉伸、壓縮、三點彎曲試驗試片製作 46
4.2.4 衝擊試片製作 50
4.2.5 脫層試驗 DCB Mode I 試片製作 51
4.3 碳纖維疊層板測試方法及流程說明 52
4.3.1 拉伸測試方法與流程(Tensile Test) 52
4.3.2 壓縮測試方法與流程(Compressive Test) 55
4.3.3 三點彎曲測試方法與流程(Three-Point Bending Test) 58
4.3.4 落鎚式衝擊試驗方法及流程(Drop Weight Impact Test) 60
4.3.5 DCB脫層測試方法及流程 64
第5章 結果與討論 67
5.1 成型溫度對聚丙烯/碳纖維疊層板外觀分析 67
5.2 熱塑性與熱固性碳纖維機械性質結果 70
5.2.1 拉伸試驗結果 70
5.2.2 壓縮試驗結果 75
5.2.3 彎曲試驗結果 79
5.3 熱固性與熱塑性碳纖維落錘式衝擊試驗 84
5.3.1 熱固碳纖維疊層板12層-落錘式衝擊性能 84
5.3.2 熱塑碳纖維疊層板12層-落錘式衝擊性能 87
5.3.3 熱固與熱塑碳纖維混合疊層板-落錘式衝擊性能 90
5.4 脫層DCB mode l試驗之結果 93
5.4.1 熱固碳纖維編織DCB mode l 93
5.4.2 熱塑碳纖維編織DCB mode l 95
5.4.3 熱固與熱塑熱壓貼合碳纖維編織DCB mode l 97
第6章 結論 98
第7章 參考文獻 100
簡歷 104

[1]J.A.E. Månson, M. D. Wakeman, and N. Bernet, 2000, “Composite Processing and
Manufacturing-An Overview,” Comprehensive Composite Materials, pp.577-607.
[2]H. Li, K. Englund, 2017, “Recycling of carbon fiber-reinforced thermoplastic
composite wastes from the aerospace industry”, Journal of Composite
Materials,vol.51, no. 9, pp. 1265–1273.
[3]M. N. Ghasemi Nejhad and A. Parvizi-Majidi, 1990, “Impact behaviour and
damage tolerance of woven carbon fiber-reinforced thermoplastic composites,”
Composites, vol. 21, no. 2, pp. 155–168, Mar.
[4]A. Patel, O. Kravchenko and I. Manas-Zloczower, 2018, “Effect of Curing Rate
on the Microstructure and Macroscopic Properties of Epoxy Fiberglass
Composites”, Polymer, Vol. 10, pp. 125-135, Jan.
[5]D. S. Kumar, M. J. Shukla, K. K. Mahato, D. K. Rathore, R. K. Prusty, and B.
C.Ray, 2015, “Effect of post-curing on thermal and mechanical behavior of
GFRP composites,” IOP Conf. Ser. Mater. Sci. Eng., vol. 75, pp. 012012, Feb.
[6]C. Soutis, 2005, “Fiber reinforced composites in aircraft construction,”
Progress in Aerospace Sciences, vol. 41, no. 2, pp. 143–151, Feb.
[7]J. Yanagimoto and K. Ikeuchi,2012, “Sheet forming process of carbon fiber
reinforced plastics for lightweight parts,” CFRP Annals, vol. 61, no.1,
pp.247-250, Jan.
[8]R. P. Singh, M. Zhang, and D. Chan,2002, “Toughening of a brittle
thermosetting polymer: Effects of reinforcement particle size and volume
fraction,” Journal of Materials Science, vol. 37, pp. 781–788, Feb.
[9]B. Vieille, V. M. Casado, and C. Bouvet, 2014, “Influence of matrix
toughness and ductility on the compression-after-impact behavior of woven-
ply thermoplastic-and thermosetting-composites: A comparative study,”
Composite Structures, vol.110, pp. 207–218, Apr.
[10]D. Tatsuno, T. Yoneyama, K. Kawamoto, M. Okamoto, 2018, “Hot press forming
of thermoplastic CFRP sheets”, Procedia Manufacturing, Vol 15, pp. 1730-
1737.
[11]F. Saraiva, 2017, “Development of Press Forming Techniques for
Thermoplastic composites”, MSc Thesis in Aerospace Engineering, Delft
University of Technology.
[12]S. Boria, A. Scattina and G. Belingardi, 2017, “Impact Behavior of a Fully
Thermoplastic Composite”, Composite Structures, Vol 167, pp. 63-75, May.
[13]C. L. Nogueira, J. M. F. D. Paiva and M. C. Rezende, 2005, “Effect of the
Interfacial Adhesion on the Tensile and Impact Properties of Carbon Fiber
Reinforced Polypropylene Matrices”, Materials Research, Vol.8,no.1, Mar.
[14]J. G. Carrillo, R. A. Gamboa, E. A. Flores-Johnson, and P. I. Gonzalez-Chi,
2012,“Ballistic performance of thermoplastic composite laminates made from
aramid woven fabric and polypropylene matrix,” Polymer Testing,vol.31,
no.4, pp.512-519,Jun.
[15]I. Taketa, J. Ustarroz, L. Gorbatikh, S. V. Lomov, and I. Verpoest, 2010,
“Interply hybrid composites with carbon fiber reinforced polypropylene and
self-reinforced polypropylene,” Applied Science and Manufacturing, vol. 41,
no. 8, pp. 927-932,Aug.
[16]J. Claus, R. A. M. Santos, L. Gorbatikh, and Y. Swolfs, 2020, “Effect of
matrix and fiber type on the impact resistance of woven composites,”
Composites Part B:Engineering, vol. 183, pp. 107736, Feb.
[17]M. Rahman ANM, R. A, and A. S, 2018, “Effect of Weave Structure and Yarn
Density on Mechanical Attributes of Jute Fabric Reinforced Polypropylene
Composites,” J. Text. Sci. Eng., vol. 08, no. 1, Jan.
[18]曾錚、郭兵兵、孫天舒、洪成，2018，《連續玻纖增強聚丙烯混纖紗織物層壓成型工藝研究》，
玻璃鋼/複合材料，華東理工大學實驗室。
[19]G. Strugala, M. Landowski, M. Zaremba, J. Turowski, and M. Szkodo, 2018,
“Impact Resistance of Plain and Twill Fabric in GFRP Measured by Active
Thermography,” Advanced Composites Letters, vol. 27, no. 5, Sep.
[20]B. Vieille, V. M. Casado, and C. Bouvet, 2013, “About the impact behavior
of woven-ply carbon fiber-reinforced thermoplastic- and thermosetting-
composites:A comparative study,” Composite Structures, vol. 101, pp. 9-21,
Jul.
[21]J. Morton and E. W. Godwin, 1989, “Impact response of tough carbon fiber
composites,” Composite Structures, vol. 13, no. 1, pp. 1-19, Jan.
[22]C. L. Nogueira, J. M. F. de Paiva, and M. C. Rezende, 2005, “Effect of the
interfacial adhesion on the tensile and impact properties of carbon fiber
reinforced polypropylene matrices” Materials Research., vol. 8, no. 1, pp.
81-89, Mar.
[23]C. Sonnenfeld, H. Mendil-Jakani, R. Agogué, P. Nunez, and P. Beauchêne,
2017,“Thermoplastic/thermoset multilayer composites: A way to improve the
impact damage tolerance of thermosetting resin matrix composites,”
Composite Structures, vol. 171, pp. 298-305, Jul.
[24]《高分子複材製造》，國立成功大學航空太空工程學系研究所，楊文彬。
網址：http://web.iaa.ncku.edu.tw/~young/pccl/
[25]J. L. Massingill and R. S. Bauer, 2000, “EPOXY RESINS”, Applied Polymer
Science: 21st Century, vol. 1, pp. 393-424.
[26]張志揚，2015，《以碳氣凝膠補強纖維疊層板之機械特性與脫層研究》，
國立高雄應用科技大學模具工程系研究所碩士論文。
[27]P. J. Hine, R. H. Olley, and I. M. Ward, 2008, “The use of interleaved
films for optimising the production and properties of hot compacted, self
reinforced polymer composites,” Composites Science and Technology, vol.68,
no.6, pp.1413-1421, May.
[28]劉上盟，2013，《鈦合金/碳纖維/聚醚醚酮混合型複合材料積層板承受高速衝擊後之數值分
析》，國立中山大學機械與機電工程學系研究所碩士論文。
[29]陳永增、鄧惠源，1999，非破壞檢測，全華科技圖書股份有限公司，台北。
[30]王豐翔，2016，《以奈米強化材補強碳纖維複合材料之衝擊性能研究》，國立
高雄應用科技大學模具工程系研究所碩士論文。
[31]ASTM D3039, 2007, “Standard Test Method for Tensile Properties of Polymer
Matrix Composite Materials”, Annual Book of ASTM Standards.
[32]ASTM D3410, 2003, “Standard Test Method for Compressive Properties of
Polymer Matrix Composite Materials with Unsupported Gage Section by Shear
Loading”, Annual Book of ASTM Standards.
[33]ASTM D790, 2003, “Standard Test Methods for Flexural Properties of
Unreinforced and Reinforced Plastics and Electrical Insulating Materials”,
Annual Book of ASTM Standards.”
[34]ASTM D7136, 2007, “Standard Test Method for Measuring the Damage Resistance
of a Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Matrix Composite to a Drop-Weight Impact
Event”, Annual Book of ASTM Standards.
[35]ASTM D5528, 2001, “Standard Test Method for Mode I Interlaminar Fracture
Toughness of Unidirectional Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Matrix Composites”,
Annual Book of ASTM Standards.
[36]BS ISO 15024, 2001, “Fiber -reinforced plastic composites — Determination
of mode I interlaminar fracture toughness, GIC, for unidirectionally
reinforced materials”, London: British Standard Institute.