臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

全球面臨高齡社會的到來，其中台灣的議題不只是高齡化，更加上疾病慢性病化。根據內政部2015年的統計數據顯示有「80%以上高齡者有一項以上的慢性病」如何使高齡者能夠妥善的管理自身的健康，是一項不可忽視的議題。本研究透過文獻調查發現高齡者用藥有五大問題：(1)多重疾病纏身；(2)多重用藥；(3)不遵守醫囑；(4)服藥的順從性不佳；(5)身體預存能力差；並分析現有用藥產品，發現多數無法解決高齡者的用藥需求，因而本研究決定透過了解使用者需求，進而開發一個符合使用者需求之用藥提醒機台。
本研究為了了解高齡者真實的需求，利用四大步驟對於此項議題進行深入的探討，並嘗試提出解決方案。依序是：第一步：進行四次焦點團體訪談法，了解高齡者平時的用藥狀況，並挖掘文獻中未提及的用藥問題；第二步：邀請三十位高齡者對本研究準備的現有市面裝藥容器進行操作性測試、發表觀點，藉以了解現有產品的優缺點，並以此為用藥機台的設計借鏡；第三步：嘗試將上述蒐集到的資料進行彙整，並進行腦力激盪、KJ法整理、產出用藥提醒機台原型設計，以此向三十位高齡者進行使用者測試，並於第四步：將設計中遇到的盲點及問題向四位具有醫療知識背景的專家進行訪談；最後，彙整專家意見與使用者操作回饋，對原型設計進行修改，並搭配用藥提醒機台提出概念性服務流程，產出用藥提醒機台功能模型，進行後測驗證。
最後，本研究邀請五位曾使用過原型設計的受測者擔任測試對象，其結果顯示：(1)將分藥及提醒交給藥劑師操作，有助於高齡者吃正確的藥物；(2)用數字代替圖示及文字能夠幫助高齡者識別藥物；(3)本研究所設計的用藥提醒機台相較於市面上的，高齡者更願意接納；(4)在藥袋上註明服藥日期能夠幫助高齡者不會重複用藥；另外在訪談過程中也蒐集到一些研究延伸回饋但由於時間、人力與經費不足的關係，於此撰寫提供給後續研究者參考：(1)原型設計的形式可以朝老人照護中心做延伸研究；(2)用藥提醒服務能與智能家居結合，打造高齡者使用的智能照護管家；(3) 此用藥提醒機台屬家用空間使用，如何延伸外出環境的保存與提醒也是一項待挖掘的議題。希望此研究結果的產出與建議能提供給後續研究者加以利用。

In Taiwan, confronting with an ageing society, the issues are not only about population ageing, but also about disease chronicalizing. According to the statistical data from Ministry of the Interior, R.O.C. (Taiwan) in 2015, it pointed out that-- there are over 80% of elders having more than one chronic, which indicated how to make the elderly manage their own health properly was not an ignorable issue. The researcher figured out the five main problems of taking medicine through reviewing the literatures and documents: (1) suffering from multiple diseases, (2) Polypharmacy, (3) unfollowing the doctors’ advice, (4) lack of adherence of taking medicine, and (5) having bad body storage capacity; moreover, the researcher analyzed the current products which help taking medicine, finding out that most of them are not able to meet the elderly’s needs. Therefore, the researcher determined to completely understand the users’ requirements and develop a better medication reminder.
To figure out the actual requirements of the elderly, the researcher conducted detailed analyses on the issue as well as tried to propose solutions with four main steps. First, conducted Interview Survey four times to the focus group (the elderly) which was to understand the circumstances of taking medicine and discovered more medicine-taking problems that were not mentioned in the literatures. Second, prepared several current medicine cases, and invited thirty elders to do operational tests as well as express their opinions; through this step, the researcher was able to comprehend the advantages and disadvantages of the current products and take them as the guidelines to develop a new medication reminder. Third, compiled the data and feedbacks collected at the last step, conducting brainstorming as well as applying KJ Method to develop the first version of new medication reminder, and finally made the thirty elders participate in the usability test. Fourth, conducted interviews with four experts with medical background to solve the blind spots and problems in the design; eventually, complied the experts’ opinions and the feedbacks from the users to modify the design, as well as proposed a concept service process design to improve the new medication reminder, and conducted product validation again at last.
Finally, the researcher invited the five elders who had used the first version of new medication reminder to participate in the final tests; the result indicated that: (1) the new medication reminder helps the elderly to take the right medicine by letting pharmacists dispense the medicine and take responsibility to remind the elders; (2) it helps the elderly distinguish different medicines by replacing the icons and letters with the numbers; (3) the new medication reminder is more acceptable by the elderly comparing with the current medication reminders in the market; (4) it helps the elderly avoid repeatedly taking their medicine with the taking dates indicated on the medicine bags. On the other hand, the researcher collected other extending feedbacks and advice during the interviews; however, with the lack of time, human resources, and research expenditure, the researcher would just list them in the following to provide references to other researchers: (1) the long-term facility is a direction of expending research with the first version of new medication reminder, (2) consider to integrate medication reminding service and smart home devices to develop the smart-care manager for the elderly, (3) storing and reminding issues when having outdoor activities, and so on; the researcher hopes the conclusions and advice of this research are able to be utilized by the following researchers.

摘 要 i
ABSTRACT iii
目 錄 v
壹、緒論 1
一、研究背景與動機 1
二、研究目的 1
三、研究限制 2
四、研究架構 3
貳、文獻探討 4
一、高齡者 4
二、高齡者身心機能 8
三、高齡者用藥問題 11
四、高齡者產品設計 13
五、裝藥容器 14
六、訪談法 17
七、腦力激盪法 20
參、研究方法 21
一、焦點團體訪談法之規劃與進行 22
二、現有產品操作測試之規劃與進行 24
三、草圖發想與繪製 26
四、原型設計製作 26
五、功能模型設計 28
六、研究架構內容 29
肆、研究結果 30
一、焦點訪談結果 30
二、現有產品操作測試結果 35
三、草圖發想與繪製 39
四、原型設計與實驗 48
五、功能模型設計與3D繪製 62
伍、結論與建議 86
一、結論 86
二、建議 87
參考文獻 88
附 錄 1 91
附 錄 2 93
附 錄 3 95
附 錄 4 97
附 錄 5 99

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