本研究以功能型界面活性劑－十二烷基苯磺酸(DBSA)中和氧化銅(CuO)形成前驅物十二烷基苯磺酸銅鹽(Cu(DBS)2)，並以硼氫化納(NaBH4)為還原劑，直接於水相溶劑中還原銅奈米粒子(CuNPs)，透過NaBH4中的Na+與DBSA所形成的十二烷基苯磺酸鈉(SDBS)包覆CuNPs，可使CuNPs維持在奈米粒子尺寸，並使其穩定分散於水溶液中，藉由酒精沉澱快速取出，粒徑大小無明顯變化的CuNPs。此合成法所合成之奈米粒子透過紫外-可見光譜法(UV-vis)檢測後，發現銅奈米粒子(CuNPs)檢測濃度對檢測結果產生極大影響，且證明我們無法由吸收強度來判斷粒子大小。另經X光繞射分析儀(XRD)及高解析穿透電子顯微鏡(HR-TEM)，確認成功快速地製備平均粒徑為2.8 nm CuNPs，其熔點約在100-160°C之間。

In this study, functionalized surfactant－dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid (DBSA) is used to neutralize with copper oxide (CuO) at high temperature to produce Cu2+ chelated precursor－Copper(II) didodecylbenzenesulfonate (Cu(DBS)¬2), and directly obtain copper nanoparticle (CuNPs) via reduction by sodium borohydride (NaBH4) in water medium. The new surfactants of sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate (SDBS) which formed by DBSA and Na+ of NaBH4, can effectively protect CuNPs from oxidation and aggregation, and render CuNPs well-dispersed in water. The synthesized CuNPs can be easily taking out by precipitation in alcohol and still maintain their size as in water. Results from UV-vis spectroscopy (UV-vis) showing that absorbance is relating with CuNP concentration, and the absorbance cannot response with size of CuNPs. The synthesized CuNPs are characterized by X-ray diffraction analyzer (XRD) and high-resolution transmission electron scope (HR-TEM), revealing the average size is around 2.8 nm, and melting point range from 100 to 160°C.

摘要 i
Abstract ii
致謝 iv
目錄 v
表目錄 ix
圖目錄 x
第一章 緒論 1
1.1 前言 1
1.2 研究動機 2
第二章 研究背景及理論 3
2.1 宏觀銅與奈米銅的基本性質差異 3
2.1.1 奈米科技簡述 3
2.1.2 局域表面電漿共振簡介 3
2.1.3 奈米銅與宏觀銅 9
2.1.4 金屬奈米粒子大小與熔點之關係 10
2.2 合成金屬奈米粒子文獻回顧 12
2.2.1 合成金屬奈米粒子 12
2.2.2 奈米粒子合成法回顧 13
2.3 微胞合成法 22
2.3.1 界面活性劑簡介 22
2.3.2 功能型界面活性劑 23
2.3.3 微胞、逆微胞及單相微胞組成 25
2.3.4 Winsor相平衡系統簡介 27
2.3.5 單相微胞合成 29
第三章 實驗程序 32
3.1 實驗藥品 32
3.2 儀器設備 34
3.3 實驗步驟 37
3.3.1 製備前驅物 37
3.3.2 還原銅奈米粒子 39
3.3.3 提取銅奈米粒子 40
3.3.4 檢測樣品製備 41
3.3.5 銅奈米粒子製備反應機制 44
3.3.6 合成銅奈米粒子流程圖 45
第四章 結果與討論 47
4.1 反應前驅物之分析 47
4.1.1 前驅物分析 47
4.1.2 前驅物濃度調整 48
4.2 還原劑對銅奈米粒子之影響 50
4.2.1 NaBH4濃度調整 50
4.2.2 NaBH4添加量對CuNPs的影響 51
4.3 中和物溶劑對 CuNPs影響 53
4.4 功能型界面活性劑添加量對CuNPs的影響 55
4.4.1 穿透式顯微鏡(TEM)粒徑觀測 56
4.4.2 穿透式顯微鏡(TEM)觀測圖分析 71
4.4.3 CuNPs 5及CuNPs 5 p.－晶格及元素分析 79
4.4.4 X射線衍射儀(XRD)分析 84
4.4.5 紫外/可見光譜儀(UV-vis)分析 90
4.4.6 紫外/可見光譜儀(UV-vis)數據處理方式 104
4.4.7 穿透式顯微鏡(TEM)濃度對分散度的差異觀測 106
4.4.8 熱重分析儀(TGA)分析 112
4.4.9 CuNPs 5及CuNPs 5 p.－差示掃描量熱儀(DSC)分析 114
4.4.10 測量顯微鏡(OM)分析 120
第五章 結論 124
第六章 參考文獻 125
第七章附錄 133
7.1 論文比對 133

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