臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本研究探討雲嘉地區中海拔山區(嘉義梅山鄉，海拔約1000公尺)與低海拔採樣點(雲林斗六市區，海拔30公尺)大氣中鄰苯二甲酸酯(phthalate esters, PAEs)及其替代物與揮發性有機物(volatile organic compounds, VOCs)之差異。結果顯示在固態PM2.5中檢測PAEs (DMP、DEP、DIBP、DBP、BBP、DEHP、DNOP、DINP、DIDP)以及替代品 (DEHT與DINCH)，在9項的Σ PAEs低海拔濃度(556.14 ng/m3)高於中海拔(182.47 ng/m3)之濃度，其中低海拔以DEHP、DINP以及DNOP為主要污染物，中海拔則以DEP與DINP為主。2項PAEs替代品(DEHT與DINCH)在低海拔地區固相PM2.5中濃度總和為(25.56 ng/m3)高於中海拔採樣點濃度(7.68 ng/m3)。在揮發性有機物TVOC低海拔濃度(8.52 ppb)與中海拔濃度(8.00 ppb)相近，醛酮類(甲醛、乙醛、丙酮、丙烯醛、丙醛)總濃度低海拔地區(13.94 ppb)稍高於中海拔濃度(13.06 ppb)。結果顯示中海拔採樣點之氣固相PAEs(及其替代物)與揮發性有機物測值與低海拔採樣點測值具有顯著差異(p<0.05)。由12~2月大氣混合層觀測結果顯示，混合層高度為導致中/低海拔採樣點濃度具有顯著差異之重要因素。統計相關性結果顯示，中/低海拔採樣點氣固相PAEs及VOCs皆顯示有非常好的相關性(r>0.95)。

This study mainly discusses the difference of atmospheric PAEs (and substitutes) and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) between the middle-elevation mountainous area (Meishan Township, Chiayi, about 1000 meters above sea level) and low-elevation areas (Douliu) in the Yun-Chia area. The results showed that the concentration of 9 Σ PAEs in PM2.5 at low altitude (556.14 ng/m3) was higher than that at middle altitude (182.47 ng/m3). DEHP, DINP, and DNOP are the main pollutants at low altitudes, and DEP and DINP at mid-altitudes. The total concentration of PAEs substitutes (DEHT and DINCH) in PM2.5 in low altitude areas (25.56 ng/m3) was higher than the concentration at mid-altitude sampling points (7.68 ng/m3). The concentration of total volatile organic compounds (TVOCs) at low altitude (8.52 ppb) was similar to that at middle altitude (8.00 ppb). The total concentration of aldehydes and ketones (formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, acetone, acrolein, propionaldehyde) in low altitude areas (13.94 ppb) was slightly higher than that at mid altitude (13.06 ppb). The results show that the measured values of gas-solid PAEs (and their substitutes) and volatile organic compounds sampled at mid-altitude are significantly different from those measured at low altitude (p<0.05). Observations of the mixing height in the atmosphere from December to February show that the mixing height was an important factor leading to significant differences in the concentration of sampling points at medium and low altitudes. The statistical correlation results show that the gas-solid PAEs and VOCs at mid-altitude sampling points correlated with the measured values at low-altitude sampling points (r>0.95).

摘要 i
ABSTRACT ii
致謝 iii
目錄 iv
圖目錄 viii
表目錄 x
第1章 前言 1
1.1 研究背景 1
1.2 研究目的 3
第2章 文獻回顧 4
2.1 大氣邊界層(atmospheric boundary layer) 4
2.2 山風與谷風 6
2.3 鄰苯二甲酸酯之多介質環境流布 7
2.4 半揮發性有機物-鄰苯二甲酸酯 8
2.5 鄰苯二甲酸指之替代物(DINCH、DEHT) 11
2.6 揮發性有機物(Volatile Organic Compounds, VOCs) 13
2.6.1 大氣中揮發性有機物來源 14
2.7 醛酮化合物(Carbonyl compounds) 14
2.7.1 大氣中醛酮類化合物來源 15
2.8 垂直分布之研究 16
2.9 以不同海拔高度觀測之研究 18
2.10 以季節觀測之研究 20
2.11 鄰苯二甲酸酯(PAEs)氣固相分布之研究 22
第3章 實驗設計與方法 23
3.1 研究架構 23
3.2 採樣規劃 24
3.2.1 採樣時程規劃 24
3.3 採樣地點規劃 25
3.4 採樣方法及分析方法 26
3.4.1 採樣儀器架設 26
3.4.2 大氣混合層高度判斷 27
3.4.3 採樣前處理 29
3.4.4 氣、固相PAEs分析方法 29
3.4.5 揮發性有機物(VOCs) 分析方法 30
3.4.6 醛酮化合物(Carbonyl compounds)分析方法 31
3.4.7 統計分析 31
3.4.8 相關性統計分析 31
3.5 採樣儀器及分析設備(藥品) 32
3.5.1 氣固相PAEs採樣及分析儀器設備、藥品 32
3.5.2 揮發性有機物(VOCs)採樣及分析儀器設備 32
3.5.3 醛酮類採樣及分析儀器設備 33
3.6 品保品管 38
3.6.1 檢量線配置 38
3.6.2 採樣流量校正 38
3.6.3 樣本保存 39
3.6.4 偵測極限 39
第4章 結果與討論 40
4.1 採樣期間的實際大氣情況 41
4.1.1 低海拔採樣點(雲林斗六市區)實際大氣情形 41
4.1.2 中海拔採樣點(嘉義梅山鄉大平村)實際大氣情形 42
4.1.3 採樣期間之風速風向(風花圖) 43
4.1.4 採樣期間之溫溼度 44
4.1.5 大氣混合層高度判斷 45
4.2 低海拔採樣點鄰苯二甲酸酯及其替代物之濃度結果 46
4.2.1 低海拔採樣點揮發性有機物之濃度結果 50
4.3 中海拔採樣點鄰苯二甲酸酯及其替代物之濃度結果 52
4.3.1 中海拔採樣點揮發性有機物之濃度結果 55
4.4 中海拔與低海拔採樣點濃度之垂直分布 57
4.4.1 PM2.5/PAEs濃度之垂直分布 57
4.4.2 PM2.5-10/PAEs濃度之垂直分布 59
4.4.3 Vapour phase/PAEs垂直分之布濃度 61
4.4.4 PAEs替代物濃度垂直分布變化 63
4.4.5 揮發性有機物濃度之垂直分布 64
4.4.6 醛酮類濃度之垂直分布 68
4.5 中海拔與低海拔採樣點之季節濃度變化 70
4.5.1 PM2.5/PAEs季節濃度及組成變化 70
4.5.2 PM2.5-10/PAEs季節濃度及組成變化 74
4.5.3 Vapour phase/PAEs季節濃度及組成變化 78
4.5.4 揮發性有機物濃度之季節濃度變化 82
4.5.5 醛酮類季節濃度組成變化 86
4.6 中/低海拔採樣點PAEs之氣固相分布 89
4.7 中/低海拔採樣點鄰苯二甲酸脂及其替代物相關性矩陣 93
4.8 中/低海拔採樣點揮發性有機物相關性矩陣 97
第5章 結論與建議 100
5.1 結論 100
5.2 建議 101
附錄一 102
2020年11月-微脈衝雷達資料 102
2020年12月-微脈衝雷達資料 103
2021年1月-微脈衝雷達資料 104
2021年2月-微脈衝雷達資料 105
2021年3月-微脈衝雷達資料 106
2021年4月-微脈衝雷達資料 107
附錄二、4.2及4.3章節中詳細濃度資料表 108
低海拔採樣點PM2.5-10/PAEs之濃度結果(ng/m3) 108
低海拔採樣點PM2.5/PAEs之濃度結果(ng/m3) 109
低海拔採樣點Vapour phase /PAEs之濃度結果(ng/m3) 111
中海拔採樣點PM2.5-10/PAEs之濃度結果(ng/m3) 112
中海拔採樣點PM2.5/PAEs之濃度結果(ng/m3) 113
中海拔採樣點Vapour phase/PAEs之濃度結果(ng/m3) 114
低海拔採樣點揮發性有機物之濃度結果(ppb) 註﹕ND：低於方法偵測極限值 115
中海拔採樣點揮發性有機物之濃度結果(ppb) 116
低海拔採樣點揮發性有機物(醛酮類)之濃度結果(ppb) 118
中海拔採樣點揮發性有機物(醛酮類)之濃度結果(ppb) 119
附錄三 120
揮發性有機物濃度之季節濃度組成比例圖 120
低海拔採樣點濃度組成比例(%) 121
中海拔採樣點濃度組成比例(%) 122
參考文獻 123

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