臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本研究旨在探討添加不同濃度的聚乙二醇對銀奈米粒子分散之石墨烯導電墨水塗抹在玻璃基板上透光度及導電度性質之研究。本實驗分為兩部分，首先利用田口法，以銀奈米粒子濃度、聚乙二醇濃度、乙醇濃度、旋塗轉速、旋塗時間、烘乾溫度及烘乾時間做為控制因子，實施篩選實驗，選出四個影響較大的因子作為第二階段的控制因子。第二部分實驗則以第一部份實驗篩選出來的四個控制因子，以銀奈米粒子濃度、聚乙二醇濃度、乙醇濃度及旋塗轉速做為控制因子計算出最佳化制程參數，最後依最佳化制程參數實施確認實驗，驗證田口法所計算出的精確性。
實驗結束後以四點探針、紫外/可見光光譜儀(UV/VIS)，掃描式電子顯微鏡(SEM)、量測導電薄膜的電阻值、透光度、表面形貌、及表面元素，並分析表面電阻及透光度與薄膜結構之關係，以及添加不同濃度的聚乙二醇後對薄膜結構、導電性質及光學性質的影響並分析其成因。
實驗結果顯示，以田口方法計算最佳化制程參數，銀奈米粒子濃度為1%wt、聚乙二醇濃度與乙醇濃度分別為3ml與10ml、旋塗轉速為500rpm，製作透明導電薄膜電阻值為316Ω，透光度可達98%。

In this research, the electronic and optical properties of glasses spin-coated with graphene solution added with different concentration of silver nanoparticles and Polyethylene glycol as dispersant. At first, Taguchi technique is used. Silver nanoparticle concentration, polyethylene glycol concentration, ethanol concentration, spin speed, time of coating, processing temperature, and time of heating are chosen as control factors. In this step, four greater influential factors are picked as control factors for second step. Secondly, Silver nanoparticle concentration, polyethylene glycol concentration, ethanol concentration, spin speed are chosen as control factors to calculate optimized parameters. A confirmation experiment is conducted with optimized parameters to verify the correction of Taguchi technique.
The optical properties, resistance, surface morphologies, and element on the surface of TCEs were characterized. The influences of different concentration Polyethylene glycol to optical and electrical properties of solution-processed electrodes was investigated.
The result shows that TCEs Processed with optimized parameters of 1%wt silver nanoparticle concentration, 3ml polyethylene glycol concentration, 10ml ethanol concentration, and 500rpm spin speed, exhibited 316Ω resistance with ~98% transparency.

中文摘要 ........................................................................................................................... I
Abstract ........................................................................................................................... II
誌謝 ................................................................................................................................ IV
目錄 .................................................................................................................................. V
圖目錄 ........................................................................................................................... VII
表目錄 ............................................................................................................................ IX
一、 緒論 ........................................................................................................................ 1
1.1前言 .................................................................................................................... 1
1.2研究動機 ............................................................................................................ 3
1.3文獻回顧 ............................................................................................................ 4
第二章 基礎理論 ............................................................................................................ 8
2.1田口方法簡介 ............................................................................................. 8
2.1.1 S/N比 ............................................................................................................ 10
2.1.2 異變分析 ...................................................................................................... 11
2.2品質因數 .......................................................................................................... 13
2.3奈米粉體分散 ........................................................................................... 14
三、 實驗內容 .............................................................................................................. 16
3.1實驗設備 .......................................................................................................... 16
3.2實驗材料 .......................................................................................................... 18
3.3實驗藥品 .......................................................................................................... 19
3.4量測儀器 .......................................................................................................... 19
3.5實驗步驟及流程圖 .......................................................................................... 20
四、 結果與討論 .......................................................................................................... 22
4.1 以田口法篩選控制因子 ................................................................................. 22
4.2 以田口法計算出最佳化參數 ......................................................................... 27
4.3電阻 .................................................................................................................. 34
4.4透光度 .............................................................................................................. 37
4.4.1 不同濃度銀奈米粒子對透光度的影響 ...................................................... 41
4.4.2 添加PEG對透光度的影響 ........................................................................ 44
4.5表面形貌及表面元素分析 .............................................................................. 49
4.6品質因數比較 .................................................................................................. 70
五、 結論 ...................................................................................................................... 71
參考文獻 ........................................................................................................................ 72

[1] F. Bonaccorso, Z. Sun, T. Hasan and A. C. Ferrari, 2010, “Graphene photonics and optoelectronics,” Nature Photon, vol. 4, pp. 611-622.
[2] S. Bae, S. J. Kim, D. Shin, J. H. Ahn and B. H. Hong, 2012, “Towards industrial applications of graphene electrodes,” Physica Scripta, vol. T146 014024.
[3] C. G. Granqvist, 2007, “Transparent conductors as solar energy materials,” Solar Energy Materials & Solar Cells, vol. 91, pp. 1529-1598.
[4] T. Minami, 2005, “Transparent conducting oxide semiconductors for transparent electrodes,” Semicond. Sci. Technol, vol. 20, pp. S35–S44.
[5] S. Sharma, S. Shriwastava, S. Kumar, K. Bhatt and C. C. Tripathi, 2018, “ Alternative transparent conducting electrode materials for flexible optoelectronic devices,” Opto-Electronics Review, vol. 26, pp. 223-235.
[6] 王家俊，2003，以射頻磁控濺鍍法成長摻雜氫之氧化鋅薄膜，國立成功大學，碩士論文。
[7] H. Kim, C. M. Gilmore, A. Pique, J. S. Horwitz, H. Mattoussi, H. Murata, Z. H. Kafafi and D.B. Chrisey, 1999, “Electrical, optical, and structural properties of indium–tin–oxide thin films for organic light-emitting devices,” Journal of Applied Physics, vol. 86, pp. 6451–6461.
[8] S. I. Na, S. S. Kim, J. Jo and D. Y. Kim, 2008, “Efficient and Flexible ITO‐Free Organic Solar Cells Using Highly Conductive Polymer Anodes,” Adv. Mater, vol. 20, pp. 4061.
[9] 劉偉仁等，2017，石墨烯技術，第二版，五南圖書出版公司。
[10] X. Lin, S. Chen, J. Yu, K. Wang, D. Luo, X. Sun and X. Zhang, 2017, “Enhanced conductivity of transparent and flexible silver nanowireelectrodes fabricated by a solution-processed method at room temperature,” Thin Solid Films, vol.624, pp. 54-60.
[11] D. I. Son, T. W. Kim, J. H. Shim, J. H. Jung, D. U. Lee, J. M. Lee, W. II Park and W. K. Choi, 2010, “ Flexible Organic Bistable Devices Based on Graphene Embedded in an Insulating Poly(methyl methacrylate) Polymer Layer,” Nano Lett, vol. 10, pp. 2441-2447.
[12] R. R. Nair, P. Blake, A. N. Grigorenko, K. S. Novoselov, T. J. Booth, T. Stauber, N. M. R. Peres and A. K. Geim, 2008, “Fine Structure Constant Defines Visual Transparency of Graphene,” Science, vol. 320, pp. 1308.
[13] J. Wu, H. A. Becerril, Z. Bao, Z. F. Liu, Y. S. Chen and P. Peumans, 2008, “Organic solar cells with solution-processed graphene transparent electrodes,” Appl. Phys. Lett, vol. 92, pp. 237.
[14] M. Mohl, P. Pusztai, A. Kukovecz, Z. Konya, J. Kukkola, K. Kordas, R. Vajtai and P. M. Ajayan, 2010, “Low-temperature large-scale synthesis and electrical testing of ultralong copper nanowires,” Langmuir, vol. 26, pp. 16496-16502.
[15] Y. M. Chang, L. Y. Wang and W. F. Su, 2008, “Polymer solar cells with poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) as transparent anode,” Organic Electronics, vol. 9, pp. 968-973.
[16] C. L. Lee, C. H. Chen and C. W. Chen, 2013, “Graphene nanosheets as ink particles for inkjet printing on flexible board,” Chemical Engineering Journal, vol. 230, pp. 296-302.
[17] X. He, R. He, A. Liu, X. Chen, Z. Zhao, S. Feng, N. Chen and M. Zhang, 2014, “A highly conductive, flexible, transparent composite electrode based on the lamination of silver nanowires and polyvinyl alcohol,” J. Mater. Chem. C, vol. 2, pp. 9737-9745.
[18] P. Meenakshin, R. Karthick, M. Selvaraj and S. Ramu, 2014, “Investigations on reduced graphene oxide film embedded with silver nanowire as a transparent conducting electrode,” Solar Energy Materials&Solar Cells, vol. 128, pp. 264-269.
[19] S. Hwang, S. Y. Noha, H. Kim, M. Park and H. Lee, 2014, “Formation of electrically conducting, transparent films using silver nanoparticles connected by carbon nanotubes,” Thin Solid Films, vol. 562, pp. 445-450.
[20] Y. Altin, M. Tas, İ. Borazan, A. Demir and A. Bedeloglu, 2016, “Solution-processed transparent conducting electrodes with graphene, silver nanowires and PEDOT:PSS as alternative to ITO,” Surface & Coatings Technology, vol. 302, pp. 75-81.
[21] H. W. Tien, S. T. Hsiao, W. H. Liao, Y. H. Yu, F. C. Lin, Y. S. Wang, S. M. Li and C. C. M. Ma, 2013, “Using self-assembly to prepare a graphene-silver nanowire hybrid film that is transparent and electrically conductive,” Carbon, vol. 58, pp. 198-207.
[22] 李輝煌，2017，田口方法-設計的原理與實務，第四版，高立圖書有限公司。
[23] T. M. Barnes, M. O. Reese, J. D. Bergeson, B. A. Larsen, J. L. Blackburn, M. C. Beard, J. Bult and J. V. D. Lagemaat, 2012, “Comparing the Fundamental Physics and Device Performance of Transparent, Conductive Nanostructured Networks with Conventional Transparent Conducting Oxides,” Advanced Energy Materials, vol. 2, pp. 353-360.
[24] S. De, P. J. King, P. E. Lyons, U. Khan and J. N. Coleman, 2010, “Size Effects and the Problem with Percolation in Nanostructured Transparent Conductors,” ACS Nano, vol.4, pp. 7064-7072.
[25] 高濂，孫靜，劉陽橋，2005，奈米粉體的分散及表面改性，五南圖書出版股份有限公司。