本論文分析兩座石化加熱爐於強風作用下之受力與結構安全性，文中針對未改善前的兩座石化加熱爐在不同的相對位置排列之下進行詳細的流場與應力分析，以瞭解兩座加熱爐之相對位置排列所造成之影響。由流場與應力分析結果發現，兩座加熱爐相對位置改變時，流經加熱爐之流體速度、壓力分布與渦漩強度就會改變，而作用於加熱爐上之壓力與剪應力也會受到影響，因此，相對位置對於加熱爐應力分佈影響很大。當加熱爐A在加熱爐B的正後方時，如果兩加熱爐靠得較近，則後方的加熱爐A相當於處於一個低阻力區，因此，加熱爐A所受的阻力與應力較小；相反地，當兩加熱爐距離較遠時，兩加熱爐後方的渦漩脫落與尾流區的發展比較不會受到彼此影響，這對於加熱爐A而言，相當於處於一個高阻力區，因此，加熱爐A所受的阻力與應力較大。當加熱爐A在加熱爐B的正前方時，如果兩加熱爐靠得較近，則後方的加熱爐B相當於處於一個低阻力區，因此，加熱爐B所受的阻力與應力較小，相反地，當兩加熱爐距離較遠時，兩加熱爐後方的渦漩脫落與尾流區的發展比較不會受到彼此影響，這對於加熱爐B而言，相當於處於一個高阻力區，因此，加熱爐B所受的阻力與應力較大。由於加熱爐A直徑比加熱爐B大，故加熱爐A後方的尾流區範圍較大，當兩者靠得較近時，當加熱爐A在加熱爐B的正前方時，加熱爐B會處於一個範圍較大的低壓低速區，相反地，當加熱爐B在加熱爐A的正前方時，加熱爐A會處於一個範圍較小的低壓低速區，因此，當加熱爐一前一後且靠得較近時，加熱爐A在前方時加熱爐B的受力會比加熱爐B在前方時加熱爐A的受力來得小。當加熱爐A在加熱爐B的正右方時，兩座加熱爐相對於風向並沒有前後之分，當兩加熱爐較靠近時，則兩加熱爐之間因流道收縮而使得流體加速而形成低壓區，此低壓區會與兩加熱爐後方的尾流區結合成較大的低壓區，且流體加速所造成之夾帶效應會增強兩加熱爐相鄰的渦漩脫落，使得流場重整所需之距離與時間變長，因而兩加熱爐之受力與應力也越大，而當兩加熱爐距離越遠時，兩加熱爐的渦漩脫落與尾流區的發展越不受彼此影響，因而兩加熱爐之受力與應力越小。當加熱爐A在加熱爐B的右後方7.5m時(兩加熱爐現況)，兩加熱爐所發生的渦漩脫落與尾流區已脫離完全壟罩在另一方後面的情形，比較接近加熱爐A在加熱爐B正右方的流場，風流過兩加熱爐之間時會比較偏向加熱爐B，因而壓縮加熱爐B後方的尾流區與的渦漩脫落，使加熱爐B的前後壓力差變小，故相較於加熱爐A，加熱爐B的受力與應力較小；在另一方面，加熱爐A後方的尾流區較大，且其尾流區與渦漩脫落的流場重整所需距離與時間較長，因而加熱爐A的前後壓力差較大，故相較於加熱爐B，加熱爐A的受力與應力較大。當加熱爐A在加熱爐B的正右方7.5m時，當加熱爐A的對流段長邊面對風向時，兩加熱爐前方之高壓區與加熱爐A後方之尾流區範圍最大，加熱爐前後壓力差最大，受力與應力也最大；當加熱爐A的對流段短邊面對風向時，兩加熱爐前方之高壓區與加熱爐A後方之尾流區範圍最小，加熱爐前後壓力差最小，受力與應力也最小；當加熱爐A的對流段和風向呈45度時，兩加熱爐前方之高壓區與加熱爐A後方之尾流區範圍介於前兩者之間，加熱爐前後壓力差以及受力與應力也是介於前兩者之間。綜整本研究之分析結果，當尺寸較小的加熱爐(加熱爐B)完全壟罩在尺寸較大的加熱爐(加熱爐A)後方的低壓低速尾流區範圍內時，尺寸較小的加熱爐(加熱爐B)之受力與應力最小；當兩加熱爐一左一右且靠得較近時，兩加熱爐之受力最大；而對於兩加熱爐現況(加熱爐A位於加熱爐B的右後方7.5m)，其流場比較接近加熱爐A在加熱爐B正右方的結果，兩加熱爐的渦漩脫落與尾流區已脫離完全壟罩在另一方後面的情形，此時加熱爐A的受力與應力較大，而此結果正可解釋何以加熱爐A與加熱爐B之尺寸、功能、結構設計與操作條件相近，但加熱爐A之損壞程度卻比加熱爐B嚴重。

This dissertation aims to investigate the force and structural security of two adjacent petrochemical heaters under the action of a strong wind. We analyzed the flow field and stress distribution of two unreinforced petrochemical heaters in detail to understand the influences of different arrangements on the stress distribution of the heaters. From the analysis result, we found that the distribution and strength of the velocity, pressure and vorticity around the heaters will change when the arrangements of the two heaters are changed. Further, the pressure and shear stress on the heaters are influenced, too. Therefore, the arrangement of the heaters has a significant effect on the stress distribution of the heaters. When heater A locates just behind heater B, if the two heaters are close to each other, heater A will be in a low drag region, which results in smaller forces and stresses on heater A. On the contrary, when one of the two heaters are away from the other, the flow behind heater B has more space and time to recover and less influence on the flow around heater A, so heater A will be in a low drag region, which results in smaller forces and stresses on heater A. When heater A locates just ahead of heater B, if the two heaters are close to each other, heater B will be in a low drag region, which results in smaller forces and stresses on heater B. On the contrary, when one of the two heaters are away from the other, the flow behind heater A has more space and time to recover and less influence on the flow around heater B, so heater B will be in a high drag region, which results in larger forces and stresses on heater B. Because the size of heater A is larger than that of heater B, the wake region behind heater A is larger. When the two heaters are close to each other and heater A locates just ahead of heater B, heater B will be in a larger region of low pressure and low speed. On the contrary, if heater B locates just ahead of heater A, heater A will be in a smaller region of low pressure and low speed. Therefore, if the two heaters are close to each other and one of the two hearers are just ahead of the other, the force on heater B when heater A locates just ahead of heater B will be lower than that on heater A when heater B locates just ahead of heater A. When heater A locates at the right-hand side of heater B, there is no difference between the positions of the two heaters relative to the wind direction. When the two heaters are close to each other, the contraction of the flow passage between the two heaters will result in flow acceleration and a low-pressure region, which will interact with the wake region behind the two heaters to form a larger low-pressure region. The neighboring vortex shedding of the two heaters will be strengthened due to the entrainment effect caused by the flow acceleration between the two heaters, and therefore, the required distance for flow reforming will become longer and the forces and stresses on the two heaters will become larger. On the other hand, when one of the two heaters are away from the other, the interaction between the vortex shedding and the wake regions of the two heaters are weaker and the forces and stresses on the two heaters are smaller. When heater A locates at the right side behind heater B (the current status), the vortex shedding and wake region of one of the two heaters will not be enveloped in those of the other and therefore is similar to the case of heater A locating at the right-hand side of heater B. The flow between the two heaters will be deflected to heater B and hence the wake region and vortex shedding behind heater B will shrink, which reduces the pressure drop across heater B. Therefore, the force and stress on heater B is smaller than those on heater A. On the other hand, the wake region behind heater A is larger, and the required distance for flow reforming of the wake region and the vortex shedding is longer, which increases the pressure drop across heater A. Therefore, the force and stress on heater A is larger than those on heater B. When heater A locates at the right-hand side 7.5m from heater B, the force and stress on heater A is smaller when the narrow side of its convection section faces the wind direction because the high-pressure region ahead of the two heaters and the wake region behind heater A is smaller and therefore the pressure drop across heater A is smaller. However, when the wide side of its convection section faces the wind direction, the force and stress on heater A becomes larger because the high-pressure region ahead of the two heaters and the wake region behind heater A is larger and therefore the pressure drop across heater A is larger. When the convection section of heater A is deflected at an angle of 45 degree to the wind direction, the force and stress on heater A ranges between the above two cases because the high-pressure region ahead of the two heaters and the wake region behind heater A and therefore the pressure drop across heater A ranges between the above two cases. To summarize the result of this research, when heater B is enveloped in the low-pressure, low-speed wake region behind heater A, the force and stress on heater B is the lowest. When one of the two heaters are at the right-hand side of the other and the two heaters are close to each other, the forces and stresses on the two heaters are the highest. When heater A locates at the right side behind heater B (the current status), the vortex shedding and wake region of one of the two heaters is not enveloped in those of the other. This is similar to the case of heater A locating at the right-hand side of heater B. The wake region behind heater A is larger, and the required distance for flow reforming of the wake region and the vortex shedding behind heater A is longer, which increases the pressure drop across heater A. Therefore, the force and stress on heater A is larger than those on heater B. This result interprets why heater A deteriorates more seriously than heater B under the conditions of similar size, function, structural design and operation.

摘要.......i
Abstract........iv
誌謝........viii
目錄........ix
表目錄......xii
圖目錄......xiii
符號說明....xv
第一章 緒論...........1
1.1 研究背景..........1
1.2 重要參考文獻評述...2
1.3 研究目的..........4
第二章 研究方法........9
2.1 加熱爐與支撐架監測位置.........9
2.1.1 加熱爐A監測位置.............9
2.1.2 加熱爐B監測位置.............11
2.2 振動量測儀器..................16
2.3 數值方法......................17
2.3.1 模型建構....................18
2.3.2 材料性質....................18
2.3.3 網格分割....................18
2.3.4 結構分析....................19
2.3.4.1 靜態分析..................19
2.3.4.2 模態分析..................20
2.3.4.3 諧響應分析................20
2.3.5 流場分析....................21
2.3.5.1 質量守恆方程式.............21
2.3.5.2 動量方程式.................21
2.3.5.3 k-ε Model方程式............22
第三章 結果與討論..................25
3.1 原始加熱爐支撐架及煙囪結構分析...29
3.2 不同相對位置下加熱爐支撐架及煙囪應力分佈........35
3.3 相對位置對於加熱爐應力分佈影響之探討............42
3.3.1 加熱爐A在加熱爐B的正後方.....................43
3.3.2 加熱爐A在加熱爐B的正前方.....................65
3.3.3 加熱爐A在加熱爐B的正右方.....................89
3.3.4 加熱爐A在加熱爐B的右後方7.5m(亦即現況).......113
3.3.5 加熱爐A之對流段相對於風向之影響..............121
第四章 結論.......................................144
4.1 主要發現.....................................144
4.2 未來工作與建議................................145
參考文獻.........................................146
Extended Abstract...............................149

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