臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本論文提出一模糊PI控制策略對降壓型KP直流轉換器之研究，其電路拓樸是由傳統型降壓直流轉換器輸出電感作為調節能量概念以及使輸入端與輸出端電流連續觀念推演而來。在傳統閉迴路控制大多使用比例積分(PI)控制為線性控制器，在操作時需知道明確的數學模型，才能進行良好的控制。而模糊控制是屬於智能控制的範疇，基於模糊集合和歸屬函數的一種控制方法，能夠處理輸入變量之間的交互作用和不確定性；本論文提出模糊PI控制策略，為非線性的二維控制，使系統具備良好的動態、穩態性能和抗干擾能力。模糊控制器以誤差和誤差變化作為輸入，隨時對PI參數之比例常數與積分常數進行修改，以滿足不同時刻對PI參數自適應的要求。設計並實現基於PI控制器與模糊PI控制器控制降壓型KP直流轉換器，比較相同運行條件下的性能比較；在相同的模擬條件下，將其與PI控制器相比，使用模糊PI控制器可獲取更好的轉換器性能。最後訂定轉換器於連續導通模式時輸入電壓100V，輸出電壓為48V，額定功率240W，最高效率達97%以上。

In this thesis, a Fuzzy PI control strategy is proposed for the study of step-down KP DC converter. The circuit topology is derived from the concept of output inductance of traditional step-down DC converter as regulating energy and the concept of continuous current between input and output. In the traditional closed-loop control, the Proportional-Integral(PI) controller is mostly used, which belongs to linear control. In order to carry out good control, it’s necessary to know the accurate mathematical model during operation. Fuzzy control is the category of intelligent control. It’s a control method based on fuzzy sets and membership function, which can deal with the interaction and uncertainty between input variables. This thesis presents a Fuzzy PI control strategy, which is a nonlinear two-dimensional control, so that the system has good dynamic, steady-state performance and anti-interference ability. The proportional constant and constant of integration of the PI controller parameters are modified in real time to meet the requirements of PI parameter adaptation at different times by using the error and error change as the input of Fuzzy controller. Design and implement the step-down KP DC converter based on PI controller and Fuzzy PI controller, and finally compare the performance under various operating conditions. Under the same simulation conditions, using Fuzzy PI controller can obtain better converter performance than using PI controller. Finally, the input voltage of the converter is 100V, the output voltage is 48V, and the rated power is 240W in the continuous conduction mode, the maximum efficiency can reach more than 97%.

摘要 … i
Abstract … ii
誌謝 … iii
目錄 … iv
表目錄 … vi
圖目錄 … vii
第一章 緒論 … 1
1.1研究動機 … 1
1.2文獻探討 … 2
1.2.1轉換器之閉迴路控制策略 … 2
1.2.2轉換器之架構發展趨勢 … 4
1.3論文貢獻 … 6
1.4論文大綱 … 6
第二章 降壓型KP直流轉換器特性分析與建模 … 7
2.1前言 … 7
2.2降壓型KP直流轉換器工作原理分析 … 9
2.2.1連續導通模式(Continuous-Conduction Mode, CCM) … 9
2.2.2不連續導通模式(Discontinuous-Conduction Mode, DCM) … 13
2.3降壓型KP直流轉換器特性分析 … 18
2.3.1連續導通模式(Continuous-Conduction Mode, CCM) … 18
2.3.2不連續導通模式(Discontinuous-Conduction Mode, DCM) … 23
2.4降壓型KP直流轉換器建模 … 26
2.4.1於連續導通模式之數學模型推導 … 26
2.4.2於不連續導通模式之數學模型推導 … 34
第三章 降壓型KP直流轉換器之控制方法 … 42
3.1前言 … 42
3.2模糊PI控制器分析 … 42
3.2.1模糊PI控制器原理 … 42
3.2.2模糊PI控制器設計方法 … 43
3.2.3零階保持(zero-order hold) … 46
3.2.4頻率響應波德圖 … 47
3.3模糊控制器 … 48
3.3.1集合 … 48
3.3.2模糊化 … 49
3.3.3模糊規則與推理機制 … 51
3.3.4解模糊化 … 55
3.4比例-積分-微分控制器 … 56
3.4.1經典PID控制 … 56
3.4.2數位PID控制 … 57
第四章 硬體電路模擬與實驗結果 … 59
4.1前言 … 59
4.2降壓型KP轉換器電路參數設計 … 60
4.2.1開關工作週期 … 60
4.2.2設計輸入電感及輔助電感感值 … 60
4.2.4功率開關與二極體的選擇 … 61
4.2.3設計輔助電容及輸出電容容值 … 61
4.3控制電路實現 … 63
4.3.1數位控制電路 … 63
4.3.2開關驅動電路 … 65
4.3.3電壓取樣電路 … 66
4.4模擬與實驗結果 … 67
4.4.1於連續導通模式下電路模擬與實驗結果分析 … 69
4.4.2於不連續導通模式下電路模擬與實驗結果分析 … 73
4.5轉換器負載變動實驗量測與閉迴路控制性能分析 … 77
4.6降壓型KP直流轉換器效率 … 79
第五章 結論與未來展望 … 80
5.1結論 … 80
5.2未來展望 … 81
參考文獻 … 82
Extended Abstract … 85

[1]I. Goodfellow, Y. Bengio, and A. Courville, Deep Learning. MIT Press, 2016.
[2]A. Géron, Hands-on Machine Learning with Scikit-Learn and TensorFlow: Concepts, Tools, and Techniques to Build Intelligent Systems. O'Reilly Media, 2017.
[3]C. Wei, Z. Zhang, W. Qiao, and L. Qu, "Reinforcement-learning-based intelligent maximum power point tracking control for wind energy conversion systems," IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, vol. 62, no. 10, pp. 6360-6370, 2015.
[4]E. Serban, C. Pondiche, and M. Ordonez, "Islanding Detection Search Sequence for Distributed Power Generators Under AC Grid Faults," IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, vol. 30, no. 6, pp. 3106-3121, 2015.
[5]K. Y. Yap, C. R. Sarimuthu, and J. M. Y. Lim, "Artificial Intelligence Based MPPT Techniques for Solar Power System: A review," Journal of Modern Power Systems and Clean Energy, vol. 8, no. 6, pp. 1043-1059, 2020.
[6]Y. Zhang, L. Wang, W. Sun, I. R. C. Green, and M. Alam, "Distributed Intrusion Detection System in a Multi-Layer Network Architecture of Smart Grids," IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid, vol. 2, no. 4, pp. 796-808, 2011.
[7]S. D. Ramchurn, P. Vytelingum, A. Rogers, and N. R. Jennings, "Putting the'smarts' into the smart grid: a grand challenge for artificial intelligence," Communications of the ACM, vol. 55, no. 4, pp. 86-97, 2012.
[8]F. Blaabjerg, R. Teodorescu, M. Liserre, and A. V. Timbus, "Overview of Control and Grid Synchronization for Distributed Power Generation Systems," IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, vol. 53, no. 5, pp. 1398-1409, 2006.
[9]F. Blaabjerg, Z. Chen, and S. B. Kjaer, "Power electronics as efficient interface in dispersed power generation systems," IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, vol. 19, no. 5, pp. 1184-1194, 2004.
[10]N. Hatziargyriou, H. Asano, R. Iravani, and C. Marnay, "Microgrids," IEEE Power and Energy Magazine, vol. 5, no. 4, pp. 78-94, 2007.
[11]D. E. Olivares et al., "Trends in Microgrid Control," IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid, vol. 5, no. 4, pp. 1905-1919, 2014.
[12]沈煒傑, "降壓型KP直流轉換器之分析與建模," 碩士, 電機工程學系, 國立清華大學, 新竹市, 2014. [Online]. Available: https://hdl.handle.net/11296/p3ae75
[13]K. Bimal, Modern power electronics and AC drives. Prentice-Hall, 2001.
[14]K. Bimal, "Bose, Advances and trends in Power electronics and Motor drives," ed: Elsevier, 2006. 
[15]M. B. Jain, M. B. Srinivas, and A. Jain, "A Novel Web based Expert System Architecture for On-line and Off-line Fault Diagnosis and Control (FDC) of Power System Equipment," in 2008 Joint International Conference on Power System Technology and IEEE Power India Conference, 12-15 Oct. 2008 2008, pp. 1-5.
[16] H. R. d. Azevedo, R. M. Martins, J. C. Oliveira, A. J. Moraes, G. C. Guimares, and J. P. G. Abreu, "A fuzzy logic based stabilizer for an electric power system," in Proceedings of 1995 IEEE International Conference on Fuzzy Systems., 20-24 March 1995 1995, vol. 3, pp. 1561-1566 vol.3.
[17]C. M. Bishop, "Neural networks and their applications," Review of scientific instruments, vol. 65, no. 6, pp. 1803-1832, 1994.
[18]A. Q. Huang, "Medium-Voltage Solid-State Transformer: Technology for a Smarter and Resilient Grid," IEEE Industrial Electronics Magazine, vol. 10, no. 3, pp. 29-42, 2016.
[19]Y. Kaiwei, Q. Yang, X. Ming, and F. C. Lee, "A novel winding-coupled buck converter for high-frequency, high-step-down DC-DC conversion," IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, vol. 20, no. 5, pp. 1017-1024, 2005.
[20]A. P. Dancy, R. Amirtharajah, and A. P. Chandrakasan, "High-efficiency multiple-output DC-DC conversion for low-voltage systems," IEEE Transactions on Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) Systems, vol. 8, no. 3, pp. 252-263, 2000.
[21]C. Y. Chiang and C. L. Chen, "Zero-Voltage-Switching Control for a PWM Buck Converter Under DCM/CCM Boundary," IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, vol. 24, no. 9, pp. 2120-2126, 2009.
[22] G. Banerjee, A. Dey, A. Kar, and M. Sengupta, "Current Mode Control of a laboratory fabricated SiC-based High Frequency Interleaved Synchronous Buck Converter," in 2022 IEEE 1st Industrial Electronics Society Annual On-Line Conference (ONCON), 9-11 Dec. 2022 2022, pp. 1-6.
[23] A. Garg and M. Das, "High Efficiency Three Phase Interleaved Buck Converter for Fast Charging of EV," in 2021 1st International Conference on Power Electronics and Energy (ICPEE), 2-3 Jan. 2021 2021, pp. 1-5.
[24] F. S. Alargt, A. S. Ashur, and A. H. Kharaz, "Adaptive delta modulation controller for interleaved buck DC-DC converter," in 2017 52nd International Universities Power Engineering Conference (UPEC), 28-31 Aug. 2017 2017, pp. 1-6.
[25] S. B. Myneni and S. Samanta, "Time Domain Analysis of Isolated Buck (F1y-Buck) Converter," in 2018 IEEE International Conference on Power Electronics, Drives and Energy Systems (PEDES), 18-21 Dec. 2018 2018, pp. 1-5.
[26] I. N. Jiya, H. V. Khang, A. Salem, N. Kishor, and R. Ciric, "Novel Isolated Multiple-Input Buck-Boost DC-DC Converter for Renewable Energy Sources," in IECON 2021 – 47th Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society, 13-16 Oct. 2021 2021, pp. 1-6.
[27] H. H. Chiu, C. M. Chen, M. F. Tsai, and C. S. Tseng, "A novel isolated buck converter with output voltage ripple reduction by a complementary square-wave scheme," in 2011 6th IEEE Conference on Industrial Electronics and Applications, 21-23 June 2011 2011, pp. 1786-1790.
[28]R. P. Severns, G. Bloom, and R. P. Severns, Modern DC-to-DC switchmode power converter circuits. Springer, 1985.
[29]C. Cecati, A. Dell'Aquila, A. Lecci, and M. Liserre, "Implementation issues of a fuzzy-logic-based three-phase active rectifier employing only Voltage sensors," IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, vol. 52, no. 2, pp. 378-385, 2005.
[30]I. Sefa, N. Altin, S. Ozdemir, and O. Kaplan, "Fuzzy PI controlled inverter for grid interactive renewable energy systems," IET Renewable Power Generation, vol. 9, no. 7, pp. 729-738, 2015.
[31] Y. Gu, Z. Wang, L. Zhu, Y. Xing, W. Zhang, and A. Li, "Magnetic Integrated Superbuck with Low Current Ripple using Linear-nonlinear Coordinated Control," in IECON 2022–48th Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society, 2022: IEEE, pp. 1-7.
[32]T. Suntio, Dynamic Profile of Switched-Mode Converter: Modeling, Analysis and Control. Wiley, 2009.
[33]V. Vorperian, "Simplified analysis of PWM converters using model of PWM switch. Continuous conduction mode," IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems, vol. 26, no. 3, pp. 490-496, 1990.
[34]L. A. Zadeh, "Fuzzy sets," Information and Control, vol. 8, no. 3, pp. 338-353, 1965/06/01/ 1965.