臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本研究以樹莓派Raspberry Pi 4為開發平台，配合乙醯膽鹼酯酶 (Acetylcholinesterase) 檢測法，使用Raspberry Pi 攝影機模組擷取影像，開發出農藥殘留檢測儀器，由於室外環境對於農藥半衰期較難評估，即便是經驗豐富的農民也可能因一時不慎引發中毒，對於小型農場或自耕農民提供可以方便、快速的篩檢出農藥殘留多寡，減少送至專業試驗所所需花費的時間及金錢。
在研究中，利用乙醯膽鹼酯酶進行農藥殘留檢測時之化學反應，檢測液會產生顏色變化，以樹莓派進行影像擷取與色彩辨識，存取其三原色RGB數值變化，並以程式計算出對應之農藥殘留濃度。在研究中也進行了改進實驗器材與流程：以大面積範圍來監測化學反應之過程，更換燈源使透過比色皿的光線均勻，設定攝影機之快門速度使進光量固定，並分別進行農藥濃度0、62.5、125、250ppm之大面積與小面積監測範圍量測，小面積範圍B值對時間之積分數值為3099、3680、4746、25878，大面積範圍B值對時間之積分數值為28804、35248、48651、55588，調整檢測液配置讓酵素與農藥分開避免提早反應，並進行農藥濃度0、1.25、2.5、5、10ppm之量測，B值對時間之積分數值為9173.0、9672.5、10084.1、11503.8、13055.2。
本論文利用Raspberry Pi內建之Python IDE－Thonny編輯器撰寫，使用picamera函數庫控制設定攝影機白平衡、曝光時間、快門速度，以達到測試環境穩定一致。另外也加入了PyQt函數庫用來建立GUI 圖形使用者介面。硬體部分，由Raspberry Pi 4 Model B 4GB、Pi camera module(v2) 800MP、micro SDXC 64GB 記憶卡、7吋觸控螢幕、UPS鋰電池擴充板、電磁閥、LED、驅動電路板，並以3D列印及壓克力板組裝。

In this study, Raspberry Pi 4 was used as the development platform, combined with the acetylcholinesterase (acetylcholinesterase) detection method, and the Raspberry Pi camera module was used to capture images, and a pesticide residue detection instrument was developed. Due to the environmental half-life of pesticides It is difficult to assess early, and even experienced farmers may cause poisoning due to momentary carelessness. For small farms or self-cultivating farmers, it is convenient and quick to screen for pesticide residues and reduce the need for professional testing. Time and money.

In the research, when using acetylcholinesterase to detect pesticide residues, the color of the test solution will change. Raspberry Pi is used for image capture and color identification, access to the three primary colors RGB value changes, and program Calculate the corresponding pesticide residue concentration. In the research, the experimental equipment and procedures were also improved: the process of chemical reaction was monitored in a large area, the light source was changed to make the light passing through the cuvette uniform, the shutter speed of the camera was set to make the amount of light input fixed, and the pesticide concentration was measured separately 0, 62.5, 125, 250ppm large area and small area monitoring range measurement, small area range B value to time integral value is 3099, 3680, 4746, 25878, large area range B value to time integral value is 28804, 35248, 48651 and 55588, adjust the test solution configuration to separate enzymes and pesticides to avoid a premature reaction, and measure pesticide concentrations of 0, 1.25, 2.5, 5 and 10 ppm. The integral value of B value to time is 9173.0, 9672.5, 10084.1, 11503.8 and 13055.2.

This paper is written using the Python IDE-Thonny editor built-in Raspberry Pi, and the picamera library is used to control the settings of the camera's white balance, exposure time, and shutter speed to achieve a stable and consistent test environment. In addition, PyQt function library is added to create GUI graphical user interface. The hardware part is composed of Raspberry Pi 4 Model B 4GB, Pi camera module (v2) 800MP, micro SDXC 64GB memory card, 7-inch touch screen, UPS lithium battery expansion board, solenoid valve, LED, drive circuit board and 3D Printing and acrylic board assembly.

摘要……………………i
Abstract……………………ii
誌謝……………………iv
目錄……………………v
表目錄……………………vii
圖目錄……………………viii
第一章 緒論……………………1
1.1 樹莓派（Raspberry Pi）簡介……………………1
1.2 農藥殘留快速檢測技術簡介……………………2
1.3 研究動機……………………3
第二章 文獻探討……………………4
2.1 乙醯膽鹼與乙醯膽鹼酯酶……………………4
2.2 有機磷農藥對神經之毒害……………………5
2.3 PyQt介紹……………………6
第三章 環境建置與實驗方法……………………7
3.1 實驗架構與程式流程圖……………………7
3.1.1 實驗架構流程圖……………………7
3.1.2 程式流程圖……………………8
3.2 安裝作業系統……………………9
3.2.1 Raspberry Pi OS下載……………………9
3.2.2 記憶卡格式化……………………10
3.2.3 映像檔燒錄……………………11
3.2.4 開機測試……………………12
3.3 安裝Raspberry Pi 觸控螢幕……………………13
3.3.1 螢幕連接樹莓派……………………13
3.3.2 開機測試……………………14
3.4 安裝樹莓派攝影機模組……………………15
3.4.1 開啟樹莓派攝影機功能……………………15
3.4.2 攝影機連接樹莓派……………………17
3.5 安裝函式庫……………………18
3.5.1 更新樹莓派……………………18
3.5.2 安裝PyQt5 函式庫……………………19
3.6 硬體架構設計與組裝……………………22
3.6.1 3D架構設計與 3D列印……………………22
3.6.2 硬體組裝……………………24
3.7 GUI設計……………………25
3.7.1 QT Designer……………………25
3.7.2 導入GUI介面……………………26
3.8 影像監測程式說明……………………27
3.8.1 攝影機參數設定……………………27
3.8.2 擷取影像……………………28
3.8.3 顯示影像……………………28
3.8.4 規畫監測範圍……………………29
3.8.5 取得平均RGB值……………………29
3.9 實驗原理與流程……………………30
3.9.1 乙醯膽鹼酯酶農藥殘留檢測原理……………………30
3.9.2 色彩辨識監測原理……………………31
3.9.3 各標準濃度農藥樣品液調配……………………32
3.9.4 農藥殘留檢測試劑調配……………………34
3.9.5 標準農藥殘留檢測流程……………………35
3.9.6 自配農藥殘留檢測流程……………………36
第四章 結果與討論……………………37
4.1 以大面積範圍監測進行農藥濃度檢測……………………37
4.2 更換LED光源進行農藥濃度檢測……………………44
4.3 降低亮度並固定快門速度進行農藥濃度檢測……………………51
4.4 更改檢測液流程進行農藥濃度檢測……………………62
第五章 結論……………………71
參考文獻……………………72
附錄一……………………73
修改螢幕參數……………………73
附錄二……………………75
ui檔轉py檔……………………75
附錄三……………………77
3D繪圖與列印軟體安裝……………………77
安裝Autodesk 123D Design繪圖軟體……………………77
Autodesk 123D Design設計與輸出……………………77
Autodesk 123D Design列印……………………79
Extended Abstract……………………82

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