臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

K340鋼材屬冷作工具鋼，為SKD-11改良之鋼種，主要是利用添加鈮(Nb)元素來促使碳化物結晶顆粒更加細微化，藉以提升鋼材的韌性，並降低鉻(Cr)含量使鋼材基地硬度不過於軟化，可維持優越耐磨耗性。於相關文獻回顧中，有加工、鍍層、疲勞測試、磨耗及氮化等研究，惟無針對K340鋼材的不同熱處理條件影響進行探討。故本研究係以K340鋼材作為研究基材，再探討其於淬火溫度條件分別為1,040℃與1,120℃下之機械性質，並進行壓縮試驗及動態撞擊試驗，以硬度及金相分析其材料微結構及機械性質。結果顯示淬火溫度條件為1,120℃時會明顯地影響K340鋼材的機械性質及微觀結構。

K340 steel is a cold work tool steel and is improved steel by SKD11. Niobium mainly used in K340 steel to make the carbide crystal particles more fine and improved the toughness. In addition, to reduce the chromium content in K340 steel , so that the hardness was not too softened, which could maintain excellent wear resistance. In the relevant literature review, the processing, coating, fatigue testing, wear and nitriding of K340 steel were studied. However, the effects of different heat treatment conditions on K340 steel was not dicussed. In this study, K340 steel was used as substrate, and its mechanical properties were investigated at 1,040°C and 1,120°C quenching temperature, respectively. The compression tests and dynamic impact tests were performed to analyze the mechanical properties of K340 steel. The experiment results show that the quenching temperature at 1,120 °C will significantly affect the mechanical properties and microstructure of K340 steel.

摘要 IV
ABSTRACT V
誌謝 VI
目錄 VIII
表目錄 XI
圖目錄 XII
第一章 緒論 1
1-1 前言 1
1-2 近期文獻回顧 2
1-3 研究目的與動機 3
第二章 文獻探討 4
2-1 冷作工具鋼 4
2-2 K340鋼材 8
2-3 熱處理 13
2-3-1 淬火 13
2-3-2 回火 16
2-3-3 深冷處理 17
2-3-4 真空熱處理爐 19
2-3-5 冷作工具鋼熱處理 20
2-4 合金對於合金鋼材之影響 27
2-5 回火對於鋼材之影響 28
2-5-1 麻田散鐵組織變化 28
2-5-2 殘留沃斯田鐵之探討 29
2-6 壓縮試驗 32
2-7 塑性變形之機械測試類別 33
2-8 材料塑性變形之特性 37
2-9 一維波長理論 42
2-10 霍普金森桿原理 44
第三章 實驗方法與步驟 47
3-1 實驗流程 47
3-2 實驗材料及參數 47
3-3-1 實驗材料試片製備 47
3-3-2 熱處理參數 47
3-3 實驗設備 49
3-3-1 萬能材料試驗機 49
3-3-2 洛式硬度機 50
3-3-3 光學顯微鏡 51
3-3-4 霍普金森動態撞擊試驗機(SHPB) 51
3-4 實驗步驟 53
3-4-1 光學顯微鏡 54
3-4-2 靜態壓縮試驗 54
3-4-3 動態撞擊試驗 54
第四章 實驗結果與分析 56
4-1 不同淬火溫度對於K340微觀組織之影響 56
4-1-1 光學顯微鏡 56
4-1-2 硬度試驗 77
4-2 不同淬火溫度對於K340機械性質之影響 78
4-2-1 應力─應變曲線分析 78
第五章 結論與未來展望 82
5-1 結論 82
5-2 未來展望 83
參考文獻 84

1.張森景，「金屬模具之熱處理及表面硬化技術」，全華科技圖書股份有限公司，臺北，臺灣，1991。
2.黃振賢，「金屬熱處理(第18版)」，新文京開發出版有限公司，新北，臺灣，2000。
3.金屬工業研究發展中心，「模具處理手冊」，金屬工業研究發展中心，高雄，臺灣，1998。
4.https://www.bohler-edelstahl.com/app/uploads/sites/92/2020/07/productdb/api/k340en_isodur.pdf
5.https://zh.m.wikibooks.org/zh-tw/%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B%E6%9D%90%E6%96%99/Fe-C%E7%9B%B8%E5%9B%BE#
6.J. Vivancos, C.J. Luis, J.A. Ortiz, H.A. González, “Analysis of factors affecting the high-speed side milling of hardened die steels.” Journal of Materials Processing Technology, Vol. 162–163, pp.696–701, 2005.
7.F.R. Lamastra, F. Leonardi, R. Montanari, F. Casadei, T. Valente d, G. Gusmano, X-ray residual stress analysis on CrN/Cr/CrN multilayer PVD coatings deposited on different steel substrates.” Surface & Coatings Technology, Vol 200, pp 6172–6175, 2006.
8.Jan Vatavuk, Lauralice C.F. Canale, George E. Totten, Sérgio G. Cardoso, “The effect of nitriding on the toughness and bending resistance of tool steels.” Int. J. Microstructure and Materials Properties, Vol. 3, Nos. 4/5, 2008.
9.P. J. Gruber, G. Jesner, R. Ebner und O. Kolednik, “High-strength Steel under Monotonic and Cyclic Loading – A Study on the Damage Evolution near the Edge of a Stamping Tool.” BHM, 154. Jg., Heft 5, 2009.
10.Ömer NecatiCora, Muammer Koç, “Experimental investigations on wear resistance characteristics of alternative die materials for stamping of advanced high-strength steels (AHSS).” International Journal of Machine Tools & Manufacture, Vol. 49, pp 897-905, 2009.
11.R. S. E. Schneider & R. A. Mesquita, “Advances in tool steels and their heat treatment Part 1 Cold work tool steels.” International Heat Treatment and Surface Engineering, Vol. 4, No. 4, pp138-144, 2010.
12.Dipl. Ing. Peter Josef Gruber, “Characterization of the behavior of high-strength tool steel edges under cyclic loading.”, Dissertation submitted to the Montanuniversität Leoben to obtain the academic degree of doctor of mining sciences, Germany, 2010.
13.F. Lambiase, A.M. Di Ilio, A. Paoletti, “Prediction of Laser Hardening by Means of Neural Network.” Science Direct, Procedia CIRP 12, pp 181-186, 2013.
14.程博聖，「運用實驗設計法及反應曲面法於K340模具鋼線切割放電加工第二刀製程參數最佳化研究」，國立高雄應用科技大學模具工程系研究所碩士論文，高雄，臺灣，2015。
15.K.P. MRÓZ, S. KUCHARSKI, K. DOLIŃSKI, A. BIGOS, G. MIKUŁOWSKI, E. BELTOWSKA-LEHMAN, and P. NOLBRZAK, “Failure modes of coatings on steel substrate.” BULLETIN OF THE POLISH ACADEMY OF SCIENCES TECHNICAL SCIENCES, Vol. 64, No. 1, pp 249-256, 2016.
16.A S Todkar, M S Sohani, and A R Shinge, “An Investigation of Vibration-Assisted Micro-Electro Discharge Machining of K340 Steel.” The IUP Journal of Mechanical Engineering, Vol. X, No. 3, pp 7-29, 2017.
17.S Vogt, F F Neumayer, I Serkyov, G Jesner, R Kelsch, M Geile, A Sommer, R Golle and W Volk, “Experimental evaluation of tool wear throughout a continuous stroke blanking process of quenched 22MnB5 ultra-high-strength steel” IOP Conf. Series: Journal of Physics, Conf. Series 896, pp 1-10, 2017.
18.Jacek Mucha, and Jacek Tutak, “Analysis of the influence of blanking clearance on the wear of the punch, the change of the burr size and the geometry of the hook blanked in the hardened steel sheet” Materials, Vol. 12, 1261, 2019.
19.Kazimierz Drozd, Mariusz Walczak, Mirosław Szala, and Kamil Gancarczyk, “Tribological Behavior of AlCrSiN-Coated Tool Steel K340 Versus Popular Tool Steel Grades”, Material, Vol. 13, 4895, 2020.
20.S. Kobayashi, S. I. Oh, and T. Altan, Metal Forming and the Finite Element Method, Oxford University Press, 1989.
21.許昱凱，「添加錫與鋁於鈦基金屬玻璃之機械性質研究」，國立高雄應用科技大學機械工程系研究所碩士論文，高雄，臺灣，2014。
22.U.S.Lindholm and L.W.Yeakly, “High Strain Rate Tension and Compression.” Exp. Meth., Vol. 3, pp. 81-88, 1983
23.R.D.Curran , L.Seaman and D.A.Shockey, “Linking Dynamic Facture to Microstructural Process.” Shock Wave and High-Strain-Rate Phenomena in Metal: Concepts and Applications”, pp. 22-26, 1980.
24.H. A. Lipsitt, “Titanium Aluminides - An Overview.” Materials Research Society, Vol. 39, 1984.
25.U.S.Lindholm, in Techniques in Metals Research, Part1, R. F. Bunshah, Wiley-Interscience, New York, Vol. 5 , pp. 199, 1971.
26.J.D.Compbell, “Dynamic Plasticity: Macroscopic and Microscopic Aspects.” Maerials Science and Engineering, Vol. 12, pp. 3-21, 1973.
27.D.Klahn , A.K.Mukherjee and J.E.Dorn, “Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on the Strength of Metals and Alloys.” volume III, ASM, pp. 951, 1970.
28.J.D.Compbell and W.G.Ferguson, “The Temperature and Strain-Rate Dependence of the Shear Strengh of Mild Steel.” Phil. Mag., Vol. 21, pp. 63-82, 1970.
29.陳銘祥，「鋁鈧合金之撞擊變形與差排結構特徵分析」，國立成功大學機械工程學系研究所碩士論文，臺南，臺灣，2007。
30.王柏凱，「鐵錳鋁合金之高速撞擊與破壞行為研究」，國立成功大學機械工程學系研究所碩士論文，臺南，臺灣，2004。
31.Seeger , “Dislocation and Mechanical Properties of Crystals.” Phil. Mag., Vol. 46, pp.1194-1217, 1955.
32.U.S.Lindholm and L.M.Yeakly , “Dynamic Deformation of Single and Polvcrystalline Aluminum.” J. Mech. Phys. Solids, Vol. 13, pp. 41-49, 1965.
33.W.G.Ferguson , A.Kumar and J.E.Dorn , “Dislocation Damping in Aluminum at High Strain Rates.” Journal of Applied Physics, Vol. 38, pp. 1863-1869, 1967.
34.U.S.Lindholm and L.W.Yeakly , “High Strain Rate Tension and Compression.” Exp. Meth., Vol. 3, pp. 81-88, 1983.
35.W.S.Lee and C.F.Lin , “Plastic Deformation and Fracture Behaviour of Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Loaded with High Strain Rate under Various Temperatures.” Materials Science and Engineering A, Vol. 241, pp. 48-59, 1998.
36.J.D.Campbell and W.G.Ferguson , “The Temperature and Strain-Rate Dependence of the Shear Strength of Mild Steel.” Phil. Mag, Vol. 21, pp. 63-82, 1970.
37.許瑛瑛，「添加Nb、Co元素對TiNi基金屬間化合物之機械性質與微觀結構之研究」，國立高雄科技大學機械工程學系研究所碩士論文，高雄，臺灣，2020。