本研究針對高雄港區近5年(2013~2017年)船舶及3年(2013~2015年)卡車，運用以活動為基礎推估方法，選擇氮氧化物(NOx)、硫氧化物(SOx)、一氧化碳(CO)、二氧化碳(CO2)、懸浮微粒(PM10)及細懸浮微粒(PM2.5)，進行空氣污染排放量的估算，並轉換為社會成本的方式呈現。
結果顯示，船舶排放量方面，CO2為最高，其次為NOx、SOx、PM10、PM2.5及CO。以船種而言，排放量最高為貨櫃船。以船舶活動來說，於碼頭時的排放量最高。卡車排放量方面，CO2為最高，其次為NOx、CO、PM10、PM2.5及SOx。將高雄港區船舶與卡車各污染物年平均排放量相以比較，可以發現CO的部分，卡車年平均排放量高於船舶年平均排放量。剩下5種污染物則為船舶高於卡車。在成長率的部分，可以知道影響船舶成長率的因素為船舶艘次，影響卡車成長率的因素為車輛數。
根據不同的污染物定價方式，由於CO2及CO之成本各有兩種依據，因此高雄港區船舶及卡車污染物排放量之成本合計共有4種結果。由上述4種結果顯示，兩者成本最高皆為CO2使用歐盟價格及CO使用Song價格。污染物的部分，船舶排放量成本最高為CO2(歐盟)及CO2(加州)，其次為NOx、SOx、CO(Song)、PM10、PM2.5及CO(Berechman)；卡車排放量成本最高為CO2(歐盟)及CO2(加州)，其次為CO(Song)、NOx、PM10、PM2.5、CO(Berechman)及SOx。

This study used the activity-based method to estimate the emissions in Kaohsiung Port. The data range for ships is 5 years (2013~2017) and for trucks is 3 years (2013~2015). The polluants considered include nitrogen oxides (NOx), sulfur oxides (SOx), carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (CO2) and particulate matter (PM). At last, we converted the amount of emissions into social cost.

The results showed that CO2 is the highest in terms of ship emissions, followed by NOx, SOx, PM10, PM2.5 and CO. In terms of ship type, the highest emissions is container ship. In terms of ship activities, emissions at the docking are the highest. In the part of truck emissions, CO2 is the highest, followed by NOx, CO, PM10, PM2.5 and SOx. Comparing the annual average emissions of pollutants from ships and trucks, CO of trucks is higher than ships. The rest are lower than ships. As to growth rate, the factor affecting the growing rate of the ship is the number of ships, and the factor affecting the growth rate of the truck is number of vehicles.

According to different pollutant pricing methods, since the cost of CO2 and CO has two basis, the total cost of ship and truck pollutant emissions in Kaohsiung Port Area has four results. These four results revealed that the highest cost of ship and truck is CO2 using EU price and CO using Song price. As to each pollutant, the highest cost of ship emission is CO2 (EU) and CO2 (California), followed by NOx, SOx, CO (Song), PM10, PM2.5 and CO (Berechman); the highest cost of truck emissions is CO2 (EU) and CO2 (California), followed by CO (Song), NOx, PM10, PM2.5, CO (Berechman) and SOx.

摘要…………………………………………………………………………………….i
ABSTRACT…………………………………………………………………………...ii
致謝…………………………………………………………………………………...iii
目錄…………………………………...………………………………………………iv
表目錄……………………………………………………….………………………..vi
圖目錄.…………………………………….………………………………………...viii
附錄目錄……………………………………………………………………………...ix
第一章 緒論 ................................................................................................................. 1
1.1 研究背景與動機........................................................................................ 1
1.2 研究目的.................................................................................................... 4
第二章 文獻回顧 ......................................................................................................... 5
2.1 港區船舶污染排放研究............................................................................ 5
2.2 卡車污染排放研究.................................................................................. 13
2.3 排放量推估社會成本研究...................................................................... 16
2.4 小結.......................................................................................................... 19
第三章 研究方法 ....................................................................................................... 21
3.1 以活動為基礎推估方法(Activity-Based) ............................................... 22
3.2 遠洋船泊進出高雄港航行狀態.............................................................. 22
3.3 船舶排放量.............................................................................................. 23
3.3.1 船舶進、出港排放量公式：.............................................................. 24
3.3.2 駐港排放量(Eh) .................................................................................. 24
3.3.3 排放總量.............................................................................................. 24
3.4 船舶活動資料.......................................................................................... 25
3.4.1 航行距離(Distance, D) ........................................................................ 25
v
3.4.2 船舶實際航速(Actual Speed, AS)....................................................... 25
3.4.3 船舶最大航速(Maximum Speed, MS) ................................................ 25
3.4.4 最大連續轉動力(Maximum Continuous Rating, MCR) .................... 26
3.4.5 排放係數(Emission Factor, EF) .......................................................... 26
3.4.6 燃料修正因子(Fuel Correction Factor, FCF) ..................................... 29
3.4.7 減排的修正因子(Correction Factor, CF) ............................................ 30
3.5 卡車排放量.............................................................................................. 31
3.6 卡車活動資料.......................................................................................... 32
3.6.1 車輛數.................................................................................................. 32
3.6.2 行駛距離.............................................................................................. 33
3.6.3 車速...................................................................................................... 37
3.6.4 排放係數(Emission Factor, EF) .......................................................... 37
3.7 社會成本.................................................................................................. 38
第四章 研究結果 ....................................................................................................... 42
4.1 船舶排放量............................................................................................... 42
4.2 卡車排放量............................................................................................... 56
4.3 排放量成長比率....................................................................................... 59
4.3.1 船舶排放量成長率…………………………………………………..59
4.3.2 卡車排放量成長率…………………………………………………..66
4.4 社會成本................................................................................................... 67
第五章 結論與建議 ................................................................................................... 71
參考文獻… …………………………………………………………………………..75
附錄…………………………………………………………………….…………….79

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