臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

潤滑脂廣泛使用於傳動元件運動接觸面，以提高元件磨潤性能、運轉效率與
延長元件使用壽命。但是在實際的使用過程中，潤滑脂會因為外來入侵物引起磨
潤性能逐漸降低，以致無法達到原始潤滑脂之功能目標，若劣化速度增加，將嚴
重影響產品品質與縮短元件的壽命。本文主要探討鋰基滑脂受外界顆粒(SiO2)與外界水分以致滑脂劣化對軸承鋼傳動元件表面損傷的影響。經由四球式一次式磨耗式驗與分段式磨耗試驗與振動
訊號分析會發現：(1)在加速實驗中建立不同環境顆粒與水含量的磨耗壽命曲線與
點蝕損傷曲線。(2)鋰基滑脂中環境顆粒越多穩定磨耗量期間磨耗率比純滑脂增加
1.0 μm/min 和4.3 μm/min。有含水量與環境顆粒混合汙染物時與僅含環境顆粒的趨
勢相似。(3) 鋰基滑脂添加環境顆粒越多，點蝕在磨合狀態(Running-in)的增速越
快，並且越慢達穩定狀態，且穩定期間點蝕率增加，含有0.185 wt% 環境顆粒影
響時點蝕率比純滑脂上升63.0 μm2/min ，含有1.480wt% 環境顆粒影響時點蝕率比
純滑脂上升242.7 μm2/min。(4)鋰基滑脂表面磨耗機理，以表面膜與砂磨磨損型態
為主，環境顆粒愈多則砂磨磨損現象增加，有含水分時表面膜現象增加。(5)潤滑
脂加入環境顆粒越多，其磨耗直徑越大，適量水含量磨耗直徑減少，過量水含量
磨耗直徑增加。(6)磨痕直徑、摩擦係數、中心溫度中水含量影響較環境顆粒小。
(8)環境顆粒影響磨痕直徑的成長大於水含量，含水量影響點蝕面積成長大於環境
顆粒。(9)鋰基純滑脂與添加各種汙染物點蝕成長與 FM4振動指數具有正相關關
係。

Lubricating grease is widely used on the motion contact surfaces of transmission
components to enhance their frictional performance, operational efficiency, and lifespan.
However, during practical usage, the lubricating grease gradually deteriorates due to the
intrusion of foreign particles, resulting in a decline in its lubricating properties and the
inability to achieve the intended functional objectives. Accelerated degradation can
severely affect product quality and reduce the lifespan of components.
This paper primarily investigates the impact of lithium-based grease deterioration
caused by external particles (SiO2) and moisture on the surface damage of bearing steel
transmission components. Through four-ball wear testing, segmented wear testing, and
vibration signal analysis, the following findings were observed: (1) Establishment of
wear life curves and fretting wear curves under various environmental particle and water
content conditions in accelerated experiments. (2) The presence of environmental
particles in lithium-based grease leads to a higher stable wear rate during the wear
volume period, increasing by 1.0 μm/min and 4.3 μm/min compared to pure grease.
When mixed with moisture and environmental particles, the trend is similar to that with
only environmental particles. (3) With the addition of more environmental particles in
lithium-based grease, the pitting corrosion rate increases faster during the running-in
state and decreases more slowly until reaching a stable state. During the stable period,
the pitting corrosion rate increases. For instance, with 0.185 wt% of environmental particles, the pitting corrosion rate increases by 63.0 μm2
/min compared to pure grease.
Similarly, with 1.480 wt% of environmental particles, the pitting corrosion rate increases
by 242.7 μm2
/min compared to pure grease. (4) Surface wear mechanisms of lithiumbased grease under load include surface film and abrasive wear. An increase in
environmental particles enhances the occurrence of abrasive wear phenomena, while the
presence of moisture increases the occurrence of surface film phenomena. (5) Increasing
the amount of environmental particles results in a larger wear diameter, while an
appropriate water content reduces the wear diameter, and excessive water content
increases the wear diameter. (6) Water content has a smaller impact on the wear track
diameter, friction coefficient, and central temperature compared to environmental
particles. (7) The effect of environmental particles on the growth of wear track diameter
is greater than that of water content, while water content has a greater impact on the
growth of fretting area. (8) There is a positive correlation between the fretting growth
caused by various contaminants added to lithium-based pure grease and the FM4
vibration index.

摘要.....................................i
Abstract.....................................ii
誌謝.....................................iv
目錄.....................................v
表目錄.....................................viii
圖目錄.....................................ix
第一章 緒論.....................................1
1.1 前言.....................................1
1.2 實驗動機與目的.....................................2
1.3 文獻回顧.....................................3
1.3.1 潤滑脂相關文獻.....................................3
1.3.2 含水量相關文獻.....................................4
1.3.3 磨屑、環境顆粒相關文獻.....................................4
1.3.4 振動相關文獻.....................................5
1.3.5 點蝕相關文獻.....................................6
1.3.6 三體潤滑相關文獻.....................................6
1.3.7 四球試驗相關文獻.....................................7
1.4 論文架構.....................................8
第二章 基礎理論.....................................10
2.1 磨潤學.....................................10
2.1 潤滑脂.....................................12
2.1.1 潤滑脂概述.....................................12
2.1.2 潤滑脂稠度.....................................12
2.2 油膜厚度.....................................13
第三章 實驗方法與儀器.....................................22
3.1 實驗方法.....................................22
3.2 實驗材料及方式.....................................22
3.2.1 實驗用潤滑脂.....................................22
3.2.2 添加環境汙染物參數.....................................24
3.2.3 添加水分方法.....................................24
3.2.4 添加奈米顆粒方法.....................................24
3.3 四球式磨耗試驗儀.....................................24
3.3.1 四球磨耗實驗公式與原理.....................................25
3.3.2 四球式磨耗試驗機實驗試件與實驗參數.....................................27
3.3.3 四球磨耗實驗步驟.....................................27
3.3.4 四球磨耗注意事項.....................................29
3.4 光學顯微鏡 (OM).....................................29
3.4.1 光學顯微鏡實驗步驟.....................................31
3.4.2 光學顯微鏡注意事項.....................................31
3.5 總酸價自動滴定儀 (TAN).....................................31
3.5.1 總酸價自動滴定儀(TAN)原理.....................................32
3.5.2 總酸價自動滴定儀(TAN)實驗步驟.....................................32
3.5.3 總酸價自動滴定儀(TAN)注意事項.....................................33
3.6 庫侖法卡氏水分測定儀 (Karl Fischer).....................................33
3.6.1 庫侖法卡氏水分測定儀 (Karl Fischer) 原理........................33
3.6.2 庫侖法卡氏水分測定儀 (Karl Fischer) 實驗步驟..............33
3.6.3 庫侖法卡氏水分測定儀 (Karl Fischer) 注意事項....................35
3.7 三維光學顯微鏡 (白光干涉儀).....................................36
3.7.1 三維光學顯微鏡實驗步驟.....................................37
3.7.2 三維光學顯微鏡注意事項.....................................37
3.8 加速規 (振動訊號).....................................37
3.8.1 加速規(振動訊號)實驗原理.....................................38
3.8.2 加速規(振動訊號)操作步驟.....................................38
3.8.3 加速規(振動訊號)注意事項.....................................39
3.9 分析型場發掃描式電子顯微鏡 ( SEM / EDS )...............39
第四章 結果於討論.....................................41
4.1 鋰基潤滑脂基礎性質.....................................41
4.1.1 四球磨耗直徑分析.....................................41
4.1.2 磨耗實驗點蝕面積與面積比分析.....................................45
4.1.3 磨耗實驗四球中心溫度分析.....................................47
4.1.4 磨耗實驗四球摩擦係數分析.....................................51
4.1.5 四球磨耗表面粗糙度分析.....................................54
4.1.6 潤滑脂含水量分析分析.....................................56
4.1.7 潤滑脂總酸價分析.....................................57
4.1.8 四球表面磨耗特性分析.....................................57
4.1.9 四球磨耗表面元素分析.....................................60
4.2 鋰基潤滑脂分段式磨潤.....................................65
4.2.1 分段式磨耗直徑分析.....................................65
4.2.2 分段式磨耗實驗點蝕面積分析.....................................67
4.2.3 分段式磨耗實驗四球中心溫度分析.....................................69
4.2.4 分段式磨耗實驗四球摩擦係數分析.....................................74
4.2.5 界面磨潤理論分析.....................................76
4.3 振動訊號分析.....................................77
第五章 結論與未來展望.....................................81
5.1 結論.....................................81
5.2 未來展望.....................................82
參考文獻.....................................83
Extended Abstract.....................................87

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