臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本研究使用溶膠-凝膠法與靜電紡絲技術製備不同比例的二氧化錫(SnO2)-鑭鈣鐵氧(LaCaFeO3，LCFO)奈米複合纖維，並透過各項分析儀器檢測材料的異質結構與表面特徵，最終應用於指叉式電極晶片上製備成氣體感測晶片，用以研究對於目標氣體的感測性質。經研究表明SnO2氣體感測器在氣體選擇性測試中對NO2顯示出了具有最佳的選擇性，並且在工作溫度250 ℃對1 ppm之NO2具有768.85 %的最佳響應值，其響應時間和回復時間則各為223秒與331秒，最低量測工作溫度為150 ℃。經過實驗測試，確認了摻雜0.4 mol%的LCFO所製備而成的SnO2-LCFO氣體感測器具有最佳氣體感測性質，降低了所需工作溫度至100 ℃，同時提升了SnO2氣體感測器在工作溫度150 ℃與175 ℃時的響應值，並且在工作溫度150 ℃對於1 ppm之NO2具有最佳之響應值498.97 %、響應時間203秒和回復時間440秒；雖然總體響應值下降，但是同時也降低了最佳工作溫度，由250 ℃降低至150 ℃。

In this study, sol-gel method and electrospinning were used to prepare SnO2-LaCaFeO3 nanocomposite fibers with different proportions, and the heterogeneous structure and surface characteristics of the material were detected by various analytical instruments,and finally applied in the the gas sensor is prepared on the electrode chip,which is used to study the sensing characteristics of the target gas. The study showed that the SnO2 gas sensor showed the best selectivity for NO2 and had the best response value of 768.85% for 1 ppm of NO2 at a temperature of 250 ℃, with a response time and recovery time of 223 s and 331 s, respectively, and a minimum measurement temperature of 150 ℃. After the experiment, it was confirmed that the SnO2-LCFO gas sensor prepared with an additional 0.4 mol% of LCFO had the best gas sensing properties, reduced the required operating temperature to 100 °C, and enhanced the response value of the SnO2 gas sensor at 150 ℃ and 175 ℃, and had the best response value of 1 ppm NO2 at 150 ℃. Although the overall response value decreased, the optimal operating temperature was also lowered from 250 ℃ to 150 ℃.

摘要
Abstract
誌謝
目錄
表目錄
圖目錄
符號說明
第一章 緒論
1.1 前言
1.2 研究動機與目的
第二章 基礎原理與文獻回顧
2.1 二氧化錫(SnO2)
2.2 鈣鈦礦(Perovskite)
2.3 靜電紡絲技術
2.3.1 靜電紡絲技術簡介
2.3.2 影響靜電紡絲主要因素
2.4 氣體感測器
2.4.1氣體感測器簡介
2.4.2半導體型氣體感測器
2.4.3 半導體型氣體感測器之實驗響應值計算
第三章 實驗架構與分析方法
3.1 實驗架構
3.2 實驗藥品
3.3 實驗方法與流程
3.3.1 SnO2奈米纖維製備
3.3.2 SnO2-LCFO奈米纖維製備
3.4 氣體感測晶片製作
3.5 氣體感測之訊號量測
3.6 實驗設備
3.6.1 精密天秤
3.6.2 磁石加熱攪拌台
3.6.3 精密烘箱
3.6.4 高溫爐
3.6.5 水平式靜電紡絲機
3.6.6 超音波震盪機
3.7 分析儀器
3.7.1 多功能環境場發掃描式電子顯微鏡(EFE-SEM)
3.7.2 高溫二維X-ray廣角繞射儀
3.7.3 高解析穿透電子顯微鏡
3.7.4 化學分析電子光譜儀
3.7.5 表面積及奈米孔徑分析儀
3.7.6 氣體感測系統
第四章 結果與討論
4.1 SnO2奈米纖維薄膜材料分析與氣體感測性質
4.1.1 SnO2粉末之XRD分析
4.1.2 SnO2奈米纖維薄膜不同固含量之SEM分析
4.1.3 SnO2奈米纖維薄膜不同紡絲電壓之SEM分析
4.1.4 SnO2奈米纖維薄膜之氣體選擇性
4.1.5 SnO2奈米纖維薄膜於不同工作溫度測試NO2之響應值
4.1.6 SnO2奈米纖維薄膜測試不同濃度之NO2響應值
4.2 LCFO薄膜與粉末
4.2.1 LCFO之XRD分析
4.2.2 LCFO薄膜之SEM分析
4.2.3 LCFO粉末之XPS分析
4.3 SnO2-LCFO奈米複合纖維薄膜
4.3.1 SnO2-LCFO奈米纖維薄膜之SEM與BET分析
4.3.2 SnO2-LCFO奈米纖維薄膜之TEM分析
4.3.3 SnO2-LCFO奈米纖維薄膜之XPS分析
4.3.4 SnO2-LCFO奈米纖維薄膜於不同工作溫度測試NO2之響應值
4.3.5 摻雜不同比例的SnO2-LCFO奈米纖維薄膜測試NO2響應值
4.3.6 SnO2-LCFO奈米纖維薄膜測試不同濃度之NO2響應值
4.3.7 SnO2-LCFO奈米纖維薄膜測試NO2之重現性
4.3.8 SnO2-LCFO複合纖維薄膜之氣體選擇性
4.4 SnO2-LCFO氣體感測器之感測機制推測
4.5 SnO2-LCFO氣體感測器結果比較
第五章 結論
5.1 結論
5.2 未來展望
個人簡歷

[1]行政院環保署. (2012). 中華民國行政院環境保護署空字第1010106229號.
[2]中華民國工業安全衛生協會. (2018). 勞工作業場所容許暴露標準.
[3]Zheng, X.-y., Orellano, P., Lin, H.-l., Jiang, M., & Guan, W.-j. (2021). Short-term exposure to ozone, nitrogen dioxide, and sulphur dioxide and emergency department visits and hospital admissions due to asthma: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Environment international, 150, 106435.
[4]Huang, S., Li, H., Wang, M., Qian, Y., Steenland, K., Caudle, W. M., Liu, Y., Sarnat, J., Papatheodorou, S., & Shi, L. (2021). Long-term exposure to nitrogen dioxide and mortality: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Science of The Total Environment, 776, 145968.
[5]Bhowmick, T., Ghosh, A., Nag, S., & Majumder, S. (2022). Sensitive and selective CO2 gas sensor based on CuO/ZnO bilayer thin-film architecture. Journal of Alloys Compounds, 903, 163871.
[6]Cai, Z., & Park, S. (2022). Highly selective acetone sensor based on Co3O4-decorated porous TiO2 nanofibers. Journal of Alloys Compounds, 919, 165875.
[7]Chen, K., Zhou, Y., Jin, R., Wang, T., Liu, F., Wang, C., Yan, X., Sun, P., & Lu, G. (2022). Gas sensor based on cobalt-doped 3D inverse opal SnO2 for air quality monitoring. Sensors Actuators B: Chemical, 350, 130807.
[8]Chen, X., Liu, T., Wu, R., Yu, J., & Yin, X. (2022). Gas sensors based on Pd-decorated and Sb-doped SnO2 for hydrogen detection. Journal of Industrial Engineering Chemistry, 115, 491-499.
[9]Chen, Y., Li, H., Huang, D., Wang, X., Wang, Y., Wang, W., Yi, M., Cheng, Q., Song, Y., & Han, G. (2022). Highly sensitive and selective acetone gas sensors based on modified ZnO nanomaterials. Materials Science in Semiconductor Processing, 148, 106807.
[10]Ding, J., Dai, H., Chen, H., Jin, Y., Fu, H., & Xiao, B. (2022). Highly sensitive ethylene glycol gas sensor based on ZnO/rGO nanosheets. Sensors Actuators B: Chemical, 372, 132655.
[11]Gasso, S., Sohal, M. K., & Mahajan, A. (2022). MXene modulated SnO2 gas sensor for ultra-responsive room-temperature detection of NO2. Sensors Actuators B: Chemical, 357, 131427.
[12]Guo, M., Luo, N., Chen, Y., Fan, Y., Wang, X., & Xu, J. (2022). Fast-response MEMS xylene gas sensor based on CuO/WO3 hierarchical structure. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 429, 127471.
[13]Hu, Y., Li, T., Zhang, J., Guo, J., Wang, W., & Zhang, D. (2022). High-sensitive NO2 sensor based on p-NiCo2O4/n-WO3 heterojunctions. Sensors Actuators B: Chemical, 352, 130912.
[14]Li, A., Zhao, S., Bai, J., Gao, S., Wei, D., Shen, Y., Yuan, Z., & Meng, F. (2022). Optimal construction and gas sensing properties of SnO2@TiO2 heterostructured nanorods. Sensors Actuators B: Chemical, 355, 131261.
[15]Meng, X., Bi, M., Xiao, Q., & Gao, W. (2022). Ultrasensitive gas sensor based on Pd/SnS2/SnO2 nanocomposites for rapid detection of H2. Sensors Actuators B: Chemical, 359, 131612.
[16]Wu, K., Debliquy, M., & Zhang, C. (2022). Room temperature gas sensors based on Ce doped TiO2 nanocrystals for highly sensitive NH3 detection. Chemical Engineering Journal, 444, 136449.
[17]Bonyani, M., Zebarjad, S. M., Janghorban, K., Kim, J.-Y., Kim, H. W., & Kim, S. S. (2022). Au sputter-deposited ZnO nanofibers with enhanced NO2 gas response. Sensors Actuators B: Chemical, 372, 132636.
[18]Chen, L., Shi, H., Ye, C., Xia, X., Li, Y., Pan, C., Song, Y., Liu, J., Dong, H., & Wang, D. (2023). Enhanced ethanol-sensing characteristics of Au decorated In-doped SnO2 porous nanotubes at low working temperature. Sensors Actuators B: Chemical, 375, 132864.
[19]Li, J., Xian, J., Wang, W., Cheng, K., Zeng, M., Zhang, A., Wu, S., Gao, X., Lu, X., & Liu, J.-M. (2022). Ultrafast response and high-sensitivity acetone gas sensor based on porous hollow Ru-doped SnO2 nanotubes. Sensors Actuators B: Chemical, 352, 131061.
[20]Wang, T., Liu, G., Zhang, D., Wang, D., Chen, F., & Guo, J. (2022). Fabrication and properties of room temperature ammonia gas sensor based on SnO2 modified WSe2 nanosheets heterojunctions. Applied Surface Science, 597, 153564.
[21]Zhang, B., An, X., Zhang, S., Wang, C., Zhao, Z., Bala, H., Zhang, Z. J. J. o. A., & Compounds. (2023). Two-step growth of core-shell TiO2/SnO2 nanorod arrays on FTO and its application in gas sensor. 169382.
[22]Kang, X., Deng, N., Yan, Z., Pan, Y., Sun, W., & Zhang, Y. (2022). Resistive-type VOCs and pollution gases sensor based on SnO2: a review. Materials Science in Semiconductor Processing, 138, 106246.
[23]Masuda, Y. (2022). Recent advances in SnO2 nanostructure based gas sensors. Sensors Actuators B: Chemical, 131876.
[24]Jiang, Q., Tong, J., Xian, Y., Kerner, R. A., Dunfield, S. P., Xiao, C., Scheidt, R. A., Kuciauskas, D., Wang, X., & Hautzinger, M. P. (2022). Surface reaction for efficient and stable inverted perovskite solar cells. Nature Photonics, 611(7935), 278-283.
[25]Guo, B., Lai, R., Jiang, S., Zhou, L., Ren, Z., Lian, Y., Li, P., Cao, X., Xing, S., & Wang, Y. (2022). Ultrastable near-infrared perovskite light-emitting diodes. Nature Photonics, 16(9), 637-643.
[26]Liu, A., Zhu, H., Bai, S., Reo, Y., Zou, T., Kim, M.-G., & Noh, Y.-Y. (2022). High-performance inorganic metal halide perovskite transistors. Nature Electronics, 5(2), 78-83.
[27]Bulemo, P. M., & Kim, I.-D. (2020). Recent advances in ABO3 perovskites: Their gas-sensing performance as resistive-type gas sensors. Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society, 57, 24-39.
[28]Wang, J., Ren, Y., Liu, H., Li, Z., Liu, X., Deng, Y., & Fang, X. (2022). Ultrathin 2D NbWO6 perovskite semiconductor based gas sensors with ultrahigh selectivity under low working temperature. Advanced Materials, 34(2), 2104958.
[29]Palimar, S., Kaushik, S., Siruguri, V., Swain, D., Viegas, A. E., Narayana, C., & Sundaram, N. G. (2016). Investigation of Ca substitution on the gas sensing potential of LaFeO3 nanoparticles towards low concentration SO2 gas. Dalton Transactions, 45(34), 13547-13555.
[30]Shi, C., Qin, H., Zhao, M., Wang, X., Li, L., & Hu, J. (2014). Investigation on electrical transport, CO sensing characteristics and mechanism for nanocrystalline La1−xCaxFeO3 sensors. Sensors Actuators B: Chemical, 190, 25-31.
[31]Al Baroot, A., Elsayed, K. A., Haladu, S. A., Magami, S. M., Alheshibri, M., Ercan, F., Çevik, E., Akhtar, S., Manda, A. A., & Kayed, T. (2023). One-pot synthesis of SnO2 nanoparticles decorated multi-walled carbon nanotubes using pulsed laser ablation for photocatalytic applications. Optics Laser Technology, 157, 108734.
[32]Perumal, V., Sabarinathan, A., Chandrasekar, M., Subash, M., Inmozhi, C., Uthrakumar, R., Isaev, A. B., Raja, A., Elshikh, M. S., & Almutairi, S. M. (2022). Hierarchical nanorods of graphene oxide decorated SnO2 with high photocatalytic performance for energy conversion applications. Fuel, 324, 124599.
[33]Gong, W., Wang, G., Gong, Y., Zhao, L., Mo, L., Diao, H., Tian, H., Wang, W., Zong, J., Wang, W., & Cells, S. (2022). Investigation of In2O3: SnO2 films with different doping ratio and application as transparent conducting electrode in silicon heterojunction solar cell. Solar Energy Materials, 234, 111404.
[34]Xu, T., Jiang, M., Wan, P., Liu, Y., Kan, C., & Shi, D. (2023). High-performance self-powered ultraviolet photodetector in SnO2 microwire/p-GaN heterojunction using graphene as charge collection medium. Journal of Materials Science Technology, 138, 183-192.
[35]Mao, L.-W., Zhu, L.-Y., Wu, T. T., Xu, L., Jin, X.-H., & Lu, H.-L. (2022). Excellent long-term stable H2S gas sensor based on Nb2O5/SnO2 core-shell heterostructure nanorods. Applied Surface & Science, 602, 154339.
[36]Yu, J.-B., Sun, M., Yu, M., Yang, M., Yu, H., Yang, Y., Dong, X.-T., & Xia, L. (2022). Preparation of near room temperature gas sensor based on regular octahedral porous ZnO/SnO2 composite. Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 920, 165884.
[37]Kim, J.-H., Mirzaei, A., Kim, J.-Y., Yang, D.-H., Kim, S. S., & Kim, H. W. (2022). Selective CO gas sensing by Au-decorated WS2-SnO2 core-shell nanosheets on flexible substrates in self-heating mode. Sensors Actuators B: Chemical, 353, 131197.
[38]Zhang, X., Sun, J., Tang, K., Wang, H., Chen, T., Jiang, K., Zhou, T., Quan, H., & Guo, R. (2022). Ultralow detection limit and ultrafast response/recovery of the H2 gas sensor based on Pd-doped rGO/ZnO-SnO2 from hydrothermal synthesis. Microsystems Nanoengineering, 8(1), 67.
[39]Shellaiah, M., & Sun, K. W. (2020). Review on sensing applications of perovskite nanomaterials. Chemosensors, 8(3), 55.
[40]Souri, M., & Amoli, H. S. (2023). Gas sensing mechanisms in ABO3 perovskite materials at room temperature: A review. Materials Science in Semiconductor Processing, 156, 107271.
[41]Fu, W., Ricciardulli, A. G., Akkerman, Q. A., John, R. A., Tavakoli, M. M., Essig, S., Kovalenko, M. V., & Saliba, M. (2022). Stability of perovskite materials and devices. Materials Today.
[42]Khalid, M., Roy, A., Bhandari, S., Selvaraj, P., Sundaram, S., & Mallick, T. K. (2022). Opportunities of copper addition in CH3NH3PbI3 perovskite and their photovoltaic performance evaluation. Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 895, 162626.
[43]Flores-Lasluisa, J. X., Huerta, F., Cazorla-Amorós, D., & Morallón, E. (2022). Manganese oxides/LaMnO3 perovskite materials and their application in the oxygen reduction reaction. Energy, 247, 123456.
[44]Lu, Z., Lou, C., Cheng, A., Zhang, J., & Sun, J. (2022). A sensitive and ultrafast FA0.83Cs0.17PbI3 perovskite sensor for NO2 detection at room temperature. Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 919, 165831.
[45]Chumakova, V., Marikutsa, A., Platonov, V., Khmelevsky, N., & Rumyantseva, M. (2023). Distinct Roles of Additives in the Improved Sensitivity to CO of Ag-and Pd-Modified Nanosized LaFeO3. Chemosensors, 11(1), 60.
[46]Yu, J., Wang, C., Yuan, Q., Yu, X., Wang, D., & Chen, Y. (2022). Ag-modified porous perovskite-type LaFeO3 for efficient ethanol detection. Nanomaterials, 12(10), 1768.
[47]Zhang, H., Xiao, J., Chen, J., Wang, Y., Zhang, L., Yue, S., Li, S., Huang, T., & Sun, D. (2022). Pd-Modified LaFeO3 as a High-Efficiency Gas-Sensing Material for H2S Gas Detection. Nanomaterials, 12(14), 2460.
[48]Hao, P., Qu, G.-M., Song, P., Yang, Z.-X., & Wang, Q. (2021). Synthesis of Ba-doped porous LaFeO3 microspheres with perovskite structure for rapid detection of ethanol gas. Rare Metals, 40, 1651-1661.
[49]Xiao, C., Zhang, X., Ma, Z., Yang, K., Gao, X., Wang, H., & Jia, L. (2022). Formaldehyde gas sensor with 1 ppb detection limit based on In-doped LaFeO3 porous structure. Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical, 371, 132558.
[50]Song, P., Hu, J., Qin, H., Zhang, L., & An, K. (2004). Preparation and ethanol sensitivity of nanocrystalline La0.7Pb0.3FeO3-based gas sensor. Materials letters, 58(21), 2610-2613.
[51]Hudspeth, J., Stewart, G. A., Studer, A. J., & Goossens, D. (2011). Crystal and magnetic structures in Perovskite-related La1−xCaxFeO3−δ (x= 0.2, 0.33). Journal of Physics Chemistry of Solids, 72(12), 1543-1547.
[52]Zeleny, J. (1914). The electrical discharge from liquid points, and a hydrostatic method of measuring the electric intensity at their surfaces. Physical Review, 3(2), 69.
[53]Taylor, G. I. (1964). Disintegration of water drops in an electric field. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series A. Mathematical Physical Sciences, 280(1382), 383-397.
[54]Taylor, G. I. (1966). The force exerted by an electric field on a long cylindrical conductor. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series A. Mathematical Physical Sciences, 291(1425), 145-158.
[55]Taylor, G. I. (1969). Electrically driven jets. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. A. Mathematical Physical Sciences, 313(1515), 453-475.
[56]Melcher, J., & Taylor, G. (1969). Electrohydrodynamics: a review of the role of interfacial shear stresses. Annual review of fluid mechanics, 1(1), 111-146.
[57]Hohman, M. M., Shin, M., Rutledge, G., & Brenner, M. P. (2001). Electrospinning and electrically forced jets. I. Stability theory. Physics of fluids, 13(8), 2201-2220.
[58]Reznik, S., Yarin, A., Theron, A., & Zussman, E. (2004). Transient and steady shapes of droplets attached to a surface in a strong electric field. Journal of Fluid Mechanics, 516, 349-377.
[59]Cozza, E. S., Monticelli, O., Marsano, E., & Cebe, P. (2013). On the electrospinning of PVDF: Influence of the experimental conditions on the nanofiber properties. Polymer International, 62(1), 41-48.
[60]Jacobs, V., Anandjiwala, R. D., & Maaza, M. (2010). The influence of electrospinning parameters on the structural morphology and diameter of electrospun nanofibers. Journal of applied polymer science, 115(5), 3130-3136.
[61]Theron, S., Zussman, E., & Yarin, A. (2004). Experimental investigation of the governing parameters in the electrospinning of polymer solutions. Polymer International, 45(6), 2017-2030.
[62]Rivai, M., Rahmannuri, H., Rohfadli, M., & Pirngadi, H. (2020). Monitoring of Carbon Monoxide and Sulfur Dioxide Using Electrochemical Gas Sensors Based on IoT. Paper presented at the 2020 International Seminar on Intelligent Technology and Its Applications (ISITIA).
[63]Cao, Z., Gao, Q., Zhou, M., Li, X., & Wang, Q. (2022). LaNiTiO3-SE-based stabilized zirconium oxide mixed potentiometric SO2 gas sensor. Ceramics International, 48(7), 9269-9276.
[64]Lin, S., Zhou, Y., Hu, J., Sun, Z., Zhang, T., & Wang, M. J. S. (2022). Exploration for a BP-ANN model for gas identification and concentration measurement with an ultrasonically radiated catalytic combustion gas sensor. Sensors Actuators B: Chemical, 362, 131733.
[65]Li, Y., Yu, L., Zheng, C., Ma, Z., Yang, S., Song, F., Zheng, K., Ye, W., Zhang, Y., & Wang, Y. J. S. A. P. A. M. (2022). Development and field deployment of a mid-infrared CO and CO2 dual-gas sensor system for early fire detection and location. Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular Biomolecular Spectroscopy, 270, 120834.
[66]吳仁彰. (2004). 奈米材料應用於氣體感測器之發展. 科儀新知, 第二十六卷第三期.
[67]楊力儼、柯廷勳、曾文甲. (2019). 固態氣體感測器介紹. 科儀新知, 第 218 期.
[68]Dey, A. (2018). Semiconductor metal oxide gas sensors: A review. Materials science Engineering: B, 229, 206-217.
[69]游孟舜. (2021). 氧化鎢-氧化鑭異質結合奈米纖維於氣體感測與特性研究. (碩士), 國立高雄科技大學, 高雄市.
[70]詹慶安. (2018). SnO2-ZnO與SnO2-La2O3異質結構於氣體感測器應用研究. (碩士), 國立高雄應用科技大學, 高雄市.
[71]薛宇焜. (2020). 氧化鋅-鈣鈦礦異質結構之特性與氣體感測應用. (碩士), 國立高雄科技大學, 高雄市.
[72]許智鈞. (2023). 二氧化錫-鋅鐵氧體奈米複合纖維薄膜於氣體感測與特性研究. (碩士), 國立高雄科技大學, 高雄市.
[73]洪明豪. (2006). 鑭鈣鐵氧化物作為固態氧化物燃料電池陰極之相關性質. (碩士), 國立臺灣科技大學, 台北市.
[74]Sankannavar, R., & Sarkar, A. (2018). The electrocatalysis of oxygen evolution reaction on La1−xCaxFeO3−δ perovskites in alkaline solution. international journal of hydrogen energy, 43(9), 4682-4690.
[75]Fan, H., Liu, Y., Zou, S., Duan, J., & Liu, W. (2022). Zn doping results in energy level offset and improvement of power conversion efficiency in SnO2 dye-sensitized solar cells. Indian Journal of Physics, 96(11), 3177-3184.
[76]Shi, Y.-L., Huang, D., & Ling, F. C.-C. (2022). Band offset and electrical properties of ErZO/β-Ga2O3 and GZO/β-Ga2O3 heterojunctions. Applied Surface Science, 576, 151814.
[77]Zhao, F., Wang, C., Wang, D., Yin, Y., Yu, J., Han, J., Zeng, J., & Chang, H. (2023). Efficient catalytic decomposition of N2O over Cd-doped NiO in the presence of O2. Applied Catalysis A: General, 649, 118946.
[78]Huang, L., Wang, M., Cheng, L., Pan, S., Yao, Q., Zhou, H. J. J. o. A., & Compounds. (2022). Fast and efficient synthesis of a new adjustable perovskite-structured ferrite La1− xCaxFeO3 microwave absorbent. 892, 162167.
[79]Sankannavar, R., & Sarkar, A. J. i. j. o. h. e. (2018). The electrocatalysis of oxygen evolution reaction on La1−xCaxFeO3−δ perovskites in alkaline solution. 43(9), 4682-4690.
[80]Tian, Z., Yang, X., Chen, Y., Wang, X., Jiao, T., Zhao, W., Huang, H., Hu, J. J. J. o. A., & Compounds. (2022). Construction of LaFeO3/g-C3N4 nanosheet-graphene heterojunction with built-in electric field for efficient visible-light photocatalytic hydrogen production. 890, 161850.
[81]Triyono, D., Hanifah, U., & Laysandra, H. J. R. i. P. (2020). Structural and optical properties of Mg-substituted LaFeO3 nanoparticles prepared by a sol-gel method. 16, 102995.
[82]Zhang, W., Xie, C., Zhang, G., Zhang, J., Zhang, S., & Zeng, D. (2017). Porous LaFeO3/SnO2 nanocomposite film for CO2 detection with high sensitivity. Materials Chemistry Physics of fluids, 186, 228-236.
[83]Modak, M., & Jagtap, S. (2022). Low temperature operated highly sensitive, selective and stable NO2 gas sensors using N-doped SnO2-rGO nanohybrids. Ceramics International, 48(14), 19978-19989.
[84]Ni, Q., Sun, L., Cao, E., Hao, W., Zhang, Y., & Ju, L. J. A. P. A. (2019). Enhanced acetone sensing performance of the ZnFe2O4/SnO2 nanocomposite. Applied Physics A, 125, 1-8.
[85]Zeng, W., Liu, Y., Mei, J., Tang, C., Luo, K., Li, S., Zhan, H., & He, Z. J. S. (2019). Hierarchical SnO2–Sn3O4 heterostructural gas sensor with high sensitivity and selectivity to NO2. Sensors Actuators B: Chemical, 301, 127010.
[86]Bai, S., Fu, H., Zhao, Y., Tian, K., Luo, R., Li, D., & Chen, A. J. S. (2018). On the construction of hollow nanofibers of ZnO-SnO2 heterojunctions to enhance the NO2 sensing properties. Sensors Actuators B: Chemical, 266, 692-702.
[87]Kashyap, S. J., Sankannavar, R., & Madhu, G. J. A. P. A. (2022). Insights on the various structural, optical and dielectric characteristics of La1-xCaxFeO3 perovskite-type oxides synthesized through solution-combustion technique. 128(6), 518.
[88]陳柏達. (2021). 鑭鉛鐵氧/氧化鎢異質結構之氣體選擇性研究. (碩士), 國立高雄科技大學, 高雄市.
[89]Hao, J., Zhang, D., Sun, Q., Zheng, S., Sun, J., & Wang, Y. J. N. (2018). Hierarchical SnS2/SnO2 nanoheterojunctions with increased active-sites and charge transfer for ultrasensitive NO2 detection. 10(15), 7210-7217.
[90]Liu, W., Gu, D., Li, X. J. S., & Chemical, A. B. (2020). Detection of Ppb-level NO2 using mesoporous ZnSe/SnO2 core-shell microspheres based chemical sensors. 320, 128365.
[91]Xiao, Y., Yang, Q., Wang, Z., Zhang, R., Gao, Y., Sun, P., Sun, Y., Lu, G. J. S., & Chemical, A. B. (2016). Improvement of NO2 gas sensing performance based on discoid tin oxide modified by reduced graphene oxide. 227, 419-426.