臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

粉末冶金含油軸承廣泛使用於伺服器、通訊設備、汽車、電動工具、電腦、辦公設備與機械設備的軸承及齒輪等，電腦散熱風扇可以帶走電子設備所產生的熱，保護電子設備能夠正常運轉，延長設備的使用壽命。隨著電子設備的效能越來越精進與設備縮小化的趨勢，風扇軸承的性能是否能符合各項電子零件設備需求是設計者與製造商要面對的挑戰。本論文主要是建立風扇用粉末冶金軸承材料的腐蝕性能比較分析，以及電腦散熱風扇性能測試與磨屑顆粒的影響。經由孔隙率分析、表面腐蝕量測、振動與磨屑顆粒分析，可得到五項實驗結果：(1)由成分分析得知散熱風扇軸承的成分不同，共分3大類，分別銅與錫、銅與鋅及銅與鐵，其中含有鐵成分其抗腐蝕性能較差，含有鋅、錫成分的軸承其抗腐蝕性能較好。(2)實驗結果顯示不同粉末冶金軸承其孔隙率不同，有人字溝的軸承孔隙率約16.1~17.0 %比無人字溝26.8 % ~ 36.7 %低，因人字溝可以含有潤滑油故其孔隙可以較低而使強度增加。(3)惡劣環境下(80℃, RH85%)運轉後的軸承，在一般測試環境下的振動較不穩定，並且在惡劣環境運轉8天後其RMS振動指數上升40%。(4)惡劣環境運轉後的軸承，其磨屑成分以銅為主，符合軸承腐蝕後的軸承材料成分。(5)惡劣環境(80℃、RH85%)運轉後軸承其需要電流值，高於溫度45 ℃、溼度60 %的軸承，經由成分分析說明其原因為粉末軸套的磨屑與腐蝕生成。

Powder metallurgy oil-impregnated bearings are widely used in various applications such as servers, communication equipment, automobiles, power tools, computers, office equipment, and mechanical devices, including bearings and gears. Computer cooling fans help dissipate the heat generated by electronic devices, protecting them and ensuring their normal operation, thus extending their lifespan. With the increasing performance and miniaturization of electronic devices, the challenge for designers and manufacturers is whether the performance of fan bearings can meet the requirements of various electronic components.This thesis primarily focuses on the comparative analysis of the corrosion performance of powder metallurgy bearing materials used in computer cooling fans, as well as the performance testing and the influence of wear debris. Through analysis of porosity, surface corrosion measurement, vibration, and analysis of wear debris, five experimental results are obtained: (1) Composition analysis reveals that the cooling fan bearings can be classified into three categories: copper and tin, copper and zinc, and copper and iron. Bearings containing iron exhibit poorer corrosion resistance, while bearings containing zinc and tin demonstrate better corrosion resistance. (2) The experimental results show that the porosity of different powder metallurgy bearings varies. Bearings with herringbone grooves have a porosity of approximately 16.1% to 17.0%, which is lower than the porosity of bearings without herringbone grooves, ranging from 26.8% to 36.7%. The presence of herringbone grooves reduces the porosity due to the lubricating oil content, resulting in increased strength.(3) Bearings operated in harsh environments (80°C, RH 85%) exhibit more unstable vibrations compared to tests conducted in general conditions. After operating in harsh conditions for 8 days, the root mean square (RMS) vibration value increases by 40 %. (4) The composition analysis of bearings operated in harsh conditions reveals that the predominant wear debris generated after corrosion are mainly composed of copper, consistent with the bearing material composition after corrosion. (5) Bearings operated in harsh conditions (80°C, RH 85%) require higher current compared to bearings operated at a temperature of 45°C and humidity of 60%. This can be attributed to the presence of wear debris and corrosion generated in the powder sleeve, as explained by composition analysis.

摘要.................................i
Abstract............................ii
誌謝................................iv
目錄.................................v
表目錄..............................vii
圖目錄...............................ix
第一章 緒論............................1
1.1 前言...............................1
1.2 研究動機與目的......................2
1.3 文獻回顧............................2
1.3.1 粉末冶金材料腐蝕相關文獻...........2
1.3.2 粉末冶金溫度與濕度相關文獻..........2
1.3.3 粉末冶金孔隙率相關文獻..............3
1.3.4 磨屑顆粒相關文獻....................3
1.3.5 振動相關文獻.......................3
1.3.6 含油軸頸軸承相關文獻................4
1.4 論文架構.............................4
第二章 基礎理論...........................6
2.1 電化學腐蝕理論........................6
2.1.1 電化學與腐蝕的關係..................6
2.1.2 腐蝕的定義.........................6
2.1.3 電化學原理.........................7
2.1.4 開路電位...........................8
2.1.5 動電位極化曲線......................8
第三章 實驗方法與儀器......................9
3.1 實驗方法..............................9
3.2 光學顯微鏡 (OM)......................10
3.2.1 光學顯微鏡實驗步驟..................10
3.2.2 光學顯微鏡注意事項..................11
3.3 三維光學顯微鏡 (Bruker)...............11
3.3.1 三維光學顯微鏡實驗步驟...............12
3.3.2 三維光學顯微鏡注意事項...............12
3.4 分析型場發掃描式電子顯微鏡( SEM / EDS )..13
3.4.1 分析型場發掃描式電子顯微鏡實驗步驟......13
3.4.2 分析型場發掃描式電子顯微鏡注意事項......14
3.5 高強度多功能X光薄膜微區繞射儀.............14
3.5.1 高強度多功能X光薄膜微區繞射儀注意事項....15
3.6 恆溫恆濕箱...............................15
3.6.1 恆溫恆濕箱操作步驟......................15
3.6.2 恆溫恆濕箱注意事項......................16
3.7 加速規...................................16
3.7.1 加速規實驗步驟..........................18
3.7.2 加速規注意事項..........................18
3.8 電流紀錄器................................18
3.8.1 電流紀錄器實驗步驟.......................19
3.8.2 電流紀錄器注意事項.......................19
3.9 紅外線熱像儀 (P384-20)....................19
3.9.1 紅外線熱像儀操作步驟.....................19
3.9.2 紅外線熱像儀注意事項.....................20
3.10 轉速計 (Chauvin Arnoux C.A 25)...........20
3.10.1 轉速計操作步驟 (Chauvin Arnoux C.A 25)..20
3.11 表面腐蝕性質量測模組 ( ECW-5000 )..........20
3.11.1 表面腐蝕性質量測模組實驗步驟..............21
3.11.2 表面腐蝕性質量測模組實驗注意事項...........21
第四章 結果與討論................................23
4.1 第一部分：不同粉末冶金軸承的比較分析...........23
4.1.1 孔隙率量測.................................23
4.1.2 不同軸承剖切表面成分分析....................27
4.1.3 表面腐蝕性質量測分析........................35
4.1.4 不同軸承腐蝕表面形貌與成分分析...............42
4.2 第二部分：風扇性能與磨屑分析...................72
4.2.1 U散熱風扇運轉於不同環境下的電流分析...........72
4.2.2 U散熱風扇運轉於不同環境下的溫度分析...........73
4.2.3 U散熱風扇運轉於不同環境下的振動RMS分析........75
4.2.4 散熱風扇運轉後表面形貌分析...................77
4.2.5 散熱風扇運轉後磨屑顆粒大小分析................78
4.2.6 散熱風扇運轉後磨屑成分分析....................78
第五章 結論與未來展望..............................82
5.1 結論..........................................82
5.2 未來展望.......................................83
參考文獻...........................................84
Extended Abstract.................................86

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