臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

電動垂直起降飛行器已成為未來交通發展的重要趨勢，而無人機的自動化和智能化技術也使未來科技的便利性更加明顯。此外，垂直起降的無人機結合空中物流的需求，將成為未來貨物運輸的重要運輸工具。因此，本研究提出了電動垂直起降貨運無人飛行器的設計和研究，以推進未來技術的發展。
本論文基於功能的系統工程方法，應用於垂直起降飛機的設計，並以貨運無人飛機為例進行探討。論文主要聚焦於載具系統功能的架構，旨在建立一個完整的設計流程。本文整合了本人以及實驗室過往的設計經驗，以及多本與飛機設計相關的文獻，提出了一套垂直起降無人機的設計方法並予以記錄，以供飛行載具設計研究之參考。期望此份研究能為未來相關的無人機設計研究提供寶貴的參考資料。

Electric vertical takeoff and landing aircraft have become an important trend in future transportation development, and the automation and intelligence of unmanned aerial vehicles make the convenience of future technology even more evident. Additionally, vertical takeoff and landing unmanned aerial vehicles combined with the demand for aerial logistics will become an important transportation tool for future cargo transport. Therefore, this study proposes the design and research of an electric vertical takeoff and landing cargo unmanned aircraft to promote the development of future technology.
This paper is based on the functional systems engineering method, applied to the design of vertical takeoff and landing aircraft, and uses cargo unmanned aircraft as an example for discussion. The paper mainly focuses on the structure of the vehicle system functions, aiming to establish a complete design process. This paper integrates my own design experience and that of the laboratory, as well as several aircraft design-related literature, to propose a set of design methods for vertical takeoff and landing unmanned aircraft, which are recorded for reference in aircraft design research. It is hoped that this study can provide valuable reference materials for future research on unmanned aircraft design.

摘要......i
Abstract......ii
誌謝......iii
目錄......iv
表目錄......ix
圖目錄......xi
符號說明......xvi
第一章 緒論......1
1.1 研究背景......1
1.2 研究方法......1
1.3 論文內容......1
第二章 文獻探討......3
2.1 VTOL概述......3
2.2 垂直起降飛機的發展......4
2.2.1 尾座式飛機 (Tail-sitter)......6
2.2.2 旋翼式飛機(Gyrodyne)......8
2.2.3 傾轉旋翼式飛機(Tiltrotor)......9
2.2.4 傾轉翼飛機(Tiltwing)......12
2.2.5 噴射式VTOL飛機......13
2.2.6 eVTOL飛行器......20
2.2.7 eVTOL無人機......22
2.3 系統工程概論......24
2.3.1 系統簡介......24
2.3.2 系統工程的定義......24
2.3.3 系統工程的概念......24
2.4 系統工程方法......27
2.4.1 基於功能的系統工程方法......27
2.4.2 接口分析方法......29
2.5 系統設計......30
2.5.1 系統概念設計......31
2.5.2 系統初步設計......32
2.5.3 系統細部設計......33
2.6 無人機與航空器的系統設計差異......34
2.6.1 概念設計的差異......34
2.6.2 初步設計的差異......35
2.6.3 細部設計的差異......35
第三章 需求工程......36
3.1 需求識別......36
3.1.1 功能規格......37
3.1.2 性能規格......37
3.2 需求確認......38
3.3 需求分析......39
3.3.1 需求流程展開......39
3.4 需求輸出......40
3.4.1 定義規格......41
3.4.2 系統需求描述文件......43
第四章 無人飛行載具 概念設計......46
4.1 無人飛行載具需求......46
4.2 構型方案......47
4.2.1 矩形翼概念eVTOL......48
4.2.2 飛翼概念eVTOL......49
4.2.3 串翼概念eVTOL......49
4.2.4 鷗翼概念eVTOL......50
4.3 權衡分析......51
4.3.1 機翼的權衡分析方案......51
4.3.2 尾翼的權衡分析方案......52
4.3.3 動力的權衡分析方案......53
4.4 概念設計確認......54
4.4.1 構型方案評估......54
4.4.2 概念設計審查......55
第五章 無人飛行載具 初步設計......57
5.1 載具的期望飛行性能......57
5.2 起飛重量估算......58
5.2.1 最大起飛重量估算......59
5.2.2 電池重量估算......60
5.2.3 垂直動力系統估算......61
5.2.4 空載機體重量估算......62
5.3 飛行載具SIZING......63
5.3.1 固定翼巡航SIZING......64
5.3.2 旋翼懸停SIZING......66
5.4 飛行載具的初步性能試算......68
5.4.1 巡航性能試算......69
5.4.2 任務性能試算......70
5.5 初步設計確認......71
第六章 無人飛行載具 細部設計......73
6.1 機翼設計......73
6.1.1 機翼構型設計......74
6.1.2 機翼外型設計......74
6.1.3 機翼外型參數計算......75
6.1.4 機翼翼型選擇......76
6.1.5 機翼升力與力矩計算......77
6.1.6 機翼設計評估......78
6.2 尾翼設計......79
6.2.1 尾翼構型設計......80
6.2.2 尾翼容積係數選擇......81
6.2.3 最佳尾力臂設計......82
6.2.4 水平尾翼幾何設計......82
6.2.5 垂直尾翼幾何設計......83
6.2.6 尾翼翼型選擇......84
6.2.7 飛機重心設定......85
6.2.8 靜穩定特性分析......86
6.2.9 尾翼設計評估......87
6.3 機身設計......89
6.3.1 機身構型設計......90
6.3.2 機身內部布局設計......91
6.3.3 機身長徑比設計......91
6.3.4 機身設計評估......93
6.4 巡航動力設計......94
6.4.1 巡航動力構型設計......95
6.4.2 巡航動力計算......96
6.4.3 巡航動力螺旋槳尺寸配置......96
6.4.4 巡航設計評估......97
6.5 旋翼動力設計......98
6.5.1 旋翼構型設計......100
6.5.2 垂直起降動力計算......100
6.5.3 旋翼螺旋槳尺寸配置......101
6.5.4 旋翼幾何配置......102
6.5.5 旋翼設計評估......103
6.6 阻力試算......104
6.6.1 阻力模型......104
6.6.2 最小阻力係數試算評估......106
6.7 重量試算......107
6.7.1 電池重量試算......108
6.7.2 機體結構重量試算......110
6.7.3 動力系統重量試算......110
6.7.4 重量評估......112
6.7.5 載重平衡試算......112
6.7.6 慣性矩試算......114
6.8 飛行可操縱性評估......115
6.8.1 副翼舵面設計......116
6.8.2 升降舵面設計......117
6.8.3 方向舵面設計......118
6.9 細部設計評估......119
第七章 結論......121
7.1 VTOL無人飛行載具用於流程設計的方法......121
7.1.1 VTOL飛行載具在需求階段的設計......121
7.1.2 VTOL飛行載具在概念階段的設計......121
7.1.3 VTOL飛行載具在初步階段的設計......121
7.1.4 VTOL飛行載具在細部階段的設計......121
參考文獻......123
Extended Abstract......127
1. INTRODUCTION......128
2. LITERATURE REVIEW......128
3.CONCLUSION......130

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