臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

數值控制技術(Computer Numerical Control - CNC)簡稱數控，為現代加工產業的指標的一，除了良好的加工性能之外，機台的可靠性也為不可忽略的問題，而相較於立式的工具機，臥式加工機有著結構的優勢，可以加工大型工件，但是也因此產生機台複雜、工件裝卸困難等缺點，所以結構剛性及穩定度則為重要的設計考量之一。
本論文將探討CNC臥式加工中心機其加工時的運動狀態及模態分析，首先使用ANSYS WORKBENCH仿真平台來研究整機結構的模態頻率，再藉由RecurDyn(Recursive Dynamic)遞歸動態軟體，運用商業化FBG.MT模組及實驗室研發的等效系統對工具機之鞍座與底座進行建模與分析，最後，將兩大進給系統產生RFlex(CDB法)、FFlex(CDB法)及RFlex(模態疊加法)的撓性化結果，並且相互比較驗證，計算在加工時所產生的模態頻率及變形量。以此驗證工具機在可負荷的狀況下其能承受的最大動態應力。

Computer numerical control (CNC) is referred to as numerical control for short. It is one of the indicators of modern processing industry. In order to achieve good processing performance, there liability of the machine is also a problem that cannot be ignored. Compared with the vertical tool machine, the horizontal machine has the advantages of structure and can process large workpieces, but
it also has the disadvantages of complex machine and difficult workpiece loading and unloading, Therefore, structural rigidity and stability are one of the important considerations.
This thesis will discuss the motion state and modal analysis of the horizontal machining center machine during machining. Firstly, the modal frequency of the whole machine structure is studied by using the ANSYS Workbench simulation platform, and then the commercial FBG.MT module and the calibration system developed by the laboratory model and analyze the saddle and base of the tool machine. Finally, the flexibility results ofRFlex (CDB method), FFlex (CDB method) and RFlex (modal superposition method) generated by the two feed systems are compared with each other to calculate the modal frequency and deformation during machining. This verifies the maximum dynamic effect that the machine tools can bear under the loadable condition.

摘要 ................................................................................................................................ i
Abstract ......................................................................................................................... ii
誌謝 ............................................................................................................................... iii
目錄 ............................................................................................................................... iv
表目錄 ......................................................................................................................... viii
圖目錄 .............................................................................................................................x
符號和簡稱 ...................................................................................................................xv
第一章 緒論 ...................................................................................................................1
1.1 前言........................................................................................................................1
1.2 研究目的................................................................................................................2
1.3 研究方法................................................................................................................2
1.4 文獻回顧................................................................................................................2
1.5 論文架構................................................................................................................3
第二章 研究理論 ...........................................................................................................4
2.1 多體動力學(MBD)理論........................................................................................4
2.2 多撓性體動力學(MFBD)理論 .............................................................................4
2.3 RecurDyn 關鍵運算方式......................................................................................5
2.4 遞迴算法Bx、BTG、Bx、Bxq、BTGq、Bxq
.................................................5
2.4.1 遞迴算法X=Bx ............................................................................................5
2.4.2 遞迴算法Xq=Bxq........................................................................................5
2.4.3 遞迴算法gq=BTGq.....................................................................................6
2.5 笛卡爾座標系 ......................................................................................................6
2.6 剛體力學...............................................................................................................7
第三章 臥式加工中心機動態分析...............................................................................9
3.1 ANSYS 拘束條件設定 .........................................................................................9
3.1.1 模型介紹.........................................................................................................9
3.1.2 邊界條件給予...............................................................................................10
3.1.3 材料係數設定...............................................................................................14
3.2 靜態分析及模態分析 ........................................................................................15
3.2.1 靜態分析.......................................................................................................15
3.2.2 模態分析.......................................................................................................17
3.3 運用 FBG.MT 模組觀察工具機運動狀態.........................................................23
3.3.1 螺桿(Ball Screw)與線軌(Linear Guideway)建立.......................................23
3.3.1.1 螺桿(Ball Screw)建立規則...................................................................23
3.3.1.2 線軌(Linear Guideway)建立規則 ........................................................24
3.3.2 工具機建模..................................................................................................25
3.3.2.1 鞍座建模數據.......................................................................................25
3.3.2.2 底座建模數據.......................................................................................26
3.3.3 工具機分析..................................................................................................27
3.3.3.1 鞍座接頭及運動函數設計...................................................................27
3.3.3.2 鞍座分析結果.......................................................................................29
3.3.3.3 底座接頭及運動函數設計...................................................................31
3.3.3.4 底座分析結果.......................................................................................32
3.3.4 兩種模型分析比較.......................................................................................34
3.3.4.1 鞍座 FBG.MT 分析結果 ......................................................................35
3.3.4.2 底座 FBG.MT 分析結果 ......................................................................35
3.4 利用等效系統模型進行作動分析 .....................................................................36
3.4.1 等效系統建模...............................................................................................36
3.4.1.1 鞍座等效建模.......................................................................................36
3.4.1.2 底座等效建模.......................................................................................37
3.4.2 固定接觸設定...............................................................................................37
3.4.2.1 鞍座固定接觸設定...............................................................................37
3.4.2.2 底座固定接觸設定...............................................................................38
3.4.3 等效分析結果...............................................................................................38
3.4.3.1 鞍座 Geometry-Surface Contact 分析結果..........................................39
3.4.3.2 鞍座 Solid-Solid Contact 分析結果 .....................................................41
3.4.3.3 底座 Geometry-Surface Contact 分析結果..........................................42
3.4.3.4 底座 Solid-Solid Contact 分析結果 .....................................................44
3.4.4 兩種等效系統方法比較...............................................................................45
3.4.4.1 鞍座 Geo-Sur & Sol-Sol Contact 分析結果.........................................45
3.4.4.2 底座 Geo-Sur & Sol-Sol Contact 分析結果.........................................46
3.5 更改 Bushing 數量進行分析及力量比較..........................................................47
3.5.1 增加 Bushing 數量 .......................................................................................47
3.5.1.1 鞍座 7 個 Bushing 模型位置................................................................47
3.5.1.2 底座 6 個 Bushing 模型位置................................................................48
3.5.2 增加 Bushing 數量的受力結果-鞍座..........................................................48
3.5.2.1 鞍座 7 個 Bushing-FBG.MT 模組 .......................................................48
3.5.2.2 鞍座 7 個 Bushing-Geometry-Surface..................................................50
3.5.2.3 鞍座 7 個 Bushing-Solid-Solid .............................................................51
3.5.3 增加 Bushing 數量的受力結果-底座..........................................................52
3.5.3.1 底座 6 個 Bushing-FBG.MT 模組 .......................................................52
3.5.3.2 底座 6 個 Bushing-Geometry-Surface..................................................53
3.5.3.3 底座 6 個 Bushing- Solid-Solid ............................................................54
3.5.4 三種建模方法比較.......................................................................................55
3.5.4.1 鞍座三種建模分析結果.......................................................................56
3.5.4.2 底座三種建模分析結果.......................................................................58
第四章 工具機兩大進給系統的模態分析.................................................................60
4.1 單一模型模態分析 ............................................................................................60
4.1.1 鞍座 ANSYS 模態分析結果........................................................................61
4.1.2 底座 ANSYS 模態分析結果 ......................................................................63
4.2 鞍座和底座模態分析比較 ................................................................................65
4.3 底座更換腳位 ANSYS 分析 .............................................................................66
4.3.1 底座更換腳位靜態分析...............................................................................66
4.3.2 底座更換腳位模態分析...............................................................................68
4.4 底座更換腳位模態分析比較 ............................................................................70
4.5 兩大進給系統模態分析 ....................................................................................71
4.5.1 模型撓性方法(RFlex-CDB)........................................................................71
4.5.2 鞍座模態分析(RFlex-CDB)........................................................................72
4.5.3 底座模態分析(RFlex-CDB)........................................................................74
4.5.4 模型模態頻率比較(ANSYS vs. RFlex-CDB) ..........................................77
4.6 兩大進給系統變形量分析 ................................................................................78
4.6.1 模型撓性方法(FFlex-CDB)........................................................................78
4.6.2 鞍座 0.1 秒變形量分析(FFlex-CDB).........................................................79
4.6.3 底座 0.1 秒變形量分析(FFlex-CDB).........................................................81
4.6.4 鞍座 0.1 秒變形量分析(RFlex-CDB).........................................................84
4.6.5 底座 0.1 秒變形量分析(RFlex-CDB).........................................................86
4.6.6 模型撓性方法(RFlex-模態疊加)................................................................89
4.6.7 鞍座 0.1 秒變形量分析(RFlex-模態疊加)..................................................90
4.6.8 底座 0.1 秒變形量分析(RFlex-模態疊加)..................................................92
4.6.9 模型變形量比較(RFlex-CDB vs. FFlex-CDB vs. RFlex-模態疊加) ........95
4.6.10 臥式整機變形量分析................................................................................96
4.6.10.1 整機 RFlex(模態疊加)1 秒變形量分析 ............................................96
4.6.10.2 整機 RFlex(CDB)1 秒變形量分析 ....................................................99
第五章 結論與未來展望...........................................................................................102
參考文獻 .....................................................................................................................103
Extended Abstract........................................................................................................105

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