本論文提出了一種緊湊型雙頻天線，能夠在無人機中提供 ADS-B 和 5 GHz Wi-Fi 操作。它分別工作於 1090 MHz 和 5.15 - 5.3 GHz 頻段，用於 ADS-B 和 5 GHz頻段 Wi-Fi 操作。
最近，ADS-B（廣播式自動相關監視）已成為幾乎全世界無人空中交通管制的新興新技術。除此之外，正在進行更多研究以增強 ADS-B UAT（通用存取收發器）資料鏈路。該數據鏈與無人機非常相容，可以非常準確地追蹤和監視飛機的位置、高度、姿態、速度等參數，並使用 GNSS（全球導航衛星系統）透過射頻訊號提供飛機位置的即時數據在1090 MHz頻段。ADS-B與 5 GHz Wi-Fi通訊操作的整合對於在基地台和無人機之間建立不間斷的通訊至關重要，在停電或簡單停止服務等緊急情況下，無人機將形成即時臨時無線行動連線網路更新空中交通，同時向公眾提供持續的覆蓋和網路連接。
因此，本文接下來的工作是介紹一種緊湊型天線，可以輕鬆地將其放置在無人機上以實現上述應用，同時為無人機中的 5 GHz Wi-Fi 通訊應用提供合適的頻寬並提供ADS-B 數據鏈路。在可變接地平面上對天線進行分析和測試，以便更好地了解無人機的形狀或尺寸。相應地提及了結果。

This thesis presents a compact dual-band antenna able to provide both ADS-B and 5 GHz Wi-Fi operation in UAVs. It works on the frequency bands 1090 MHz and 5.15 - 5.3 GHz for ADS-B and 5 GHz Wi-Fi operations respectively.
Off late, ADS-B (Automatic Dependent Surveillance-Broadcast) has become an emerging novel technology for unmanned air traffic controls almost all over the world. Adding to that, more research is being conducted for enhancement in ADS-B UAT (Universal Access Transceiver) data link. This data link is very compatible with drones, implements a very accurate method of tracking and surveillance of aircraft parameters like position, altitude, attitude, velocity and uses GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) to provide real-time data of aircraft locations through RF signals in the 1090 MHz band.
The integration of ADS-B with 5 GHz Wi-Fi communication operation is essential to establish uninterrupted communication between the base stations and the drones in case of emergencies like power outage or a simple out-of-service, the drones would form an instant temporary wireless mobile connection network to update the air traffic while also providing constant coverage and network connection to the public.
Therefore, the following work in this thesis is to introduce a compact antenna, which can be easily placed on the drone for the above said applications all the while giving the suitable bandwidth for applications in drones in 5 GHz Wi-Fi communications and providing an ADS-B data link. The antenna is analyzed and tested on variable ground planes for a better outlook on the shape or size of the drones. The results are mentioned accordingly.

Chinese Abstract…………………………………………………….i
English Abstract…………………………………………………….iii
Acknowledgement…………………………………………………….v
Table of Contents…………………………………………………….vi
List of Tables…………………………………………………….viii
List of Figures…………………………………………………….ix
Symbols…………………………………………………….xiii
Chapter 1 Introduction……………………………………… 1
1.1 Introduction to UAVs and Antennas…………… 1
1.2 Motivation and Objective………………………… 7
1.3 Outline of the thesis……………………………… 8
Chapter 2 Theory of ADS-B and 5 GHz Wi-Fi operations and antenna designs…………………………………… 10
2.1 Introduction……………………………………… 10
2.1.1 ADS-B operation………………………………… 11
2.1.2 5 GHz Wi-Fi operation…….…………………… 13
2.2 Antennas for ADS-B, 5G and 5 GHz Wi-Fi operations…………………………………… 18
Chapter 3 Dual-band Antenna Design and Analysis……… 24
3.1 Introduction……………………………………… 24
3.2 Research Methodology…………………………… 24
3.2.1 Antenna Parameters……………………………………… 24
3.2.2 Radiating Patch and Ground plane calculations........ 27
3.3 Antenna development and Design……………… 30
3.3.1 Radiating Patch and Ground Plane design……… 30
3.3.2 Parameter Analysis……………………………… 38
3.4 Measurement and Results………………………… 44
3.4.1 Measurement……………………………………… 44
3.4.2 S11 Parameter of the proposed antenna…………… 48
3.4.3 Radiation Patterns of the proposed antenna……… 50
3.4.4 Gain of the proposed antenna…………………… 61
Chapter 4 Conclusion and future work………………… 69
4.1 Conclusion……………………………………… 69
4.2 Future Work……………………………………… 72
References …………………………………………………… 73
Extended Abstract ………………………………………………… 76

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