臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

飛機中的環控系統雖有自我診斷功能，但僅會將錯誤記錄於內部隨機存取記憶體(RAM)中。當飛機落地關閉引擎電源後，故障紀錄也隨之消失，使得維修人員無法取得航行過程中所蒐集的錯誤資料，作進一步的分析，並利用這些資料來做維修與測試。因此，本研究以現場可程式閘陣列(Field Programmable Gate Array, FPGA)來實現該環控系統紀錄器之紀錄、儲存與傳輸之功能。

此外，隨著航空電子技術的發展，使得越來越多航空通訊技術標準誕生。為考量到其日後能夠廣泛應用，本研究亦使用FPGA來實現異質網路之連結，使民用客機廣泛應用之ARINC 429與MIL-STD-1553B匯流排協定之間能夠相互傳輸資料。

本研究藉由MIL-STD-1553B匯流排的遠距終端(RT)建置出異質網路閘道器。除接收匯流排控制器(BC)所下達的命令外，並將資料以ARINC 429協定傳送至環控系統紀錄器。當環控系統紀錄器收到資料後，會將RTC時間及資料紀錄於快閃記憶體中，並透過電腦端的使用者應用程式將資料讀出並加以解析。

此外，本研究以FPGA實現的環控系統紀錄器，使用了3314邏輯單元與3321組暫存器。而異質網路閘道器，則使用到4901邏輯單元與5386組暫存器。FPGA有著高靈活性及擴充性，能夠大幅的降低開發時間及成本，對比於航空電子系統複雜性而言，運用FPGA來開發，就能夠簡單的建置出一套易於擴充的環控系統紀錄器及異質網路閘道器。

Although the Environmental Control System in the aircraft has self diagnosis function, it will only record errors in internal random access memory (RAM). When the aircraft lands and turns off the engine power, the fault record also disappears, so that the maintenance personnel cannot obtain the error codes collected during the voyage for further analysis, and use these data for maintenance and testing. Therefore, this study uses field programmable gate array (FPGA) to realize the functions of recording, storage and transmission of the Environmental Control System logger.
In addition, with the development of avionics technology, more and more aviation communication technology standards were born. In order to investigate its wide application in the future, this study also uses FPGA to realize the connection of heterogeneous network, so that the widely used ARINC 429 and MIL-STD-1553B bus protocol can transmit data to each other.
In this study, a heterogeneous network gateway is built by the remote terminal (RT) of MIL-STD-1553B bus. In addition to receiving commands from the Bus Controller (BC), data is transmitted to the Environmental Control System logger using the ARINC 429 protocol. After receiving the data, the recorder of the environmental control system will record the RTC time and data in the flash memory, and read out and analyze the data through the user application program on the computer.
In addition, the Environmental Control System logger implemented by FPGA uses 3314 logic units and 3321 sets of registers. The heterogeneous network gateway uses 4901 logical units and 5386 sets of registers. FPGA has high flexibility and expansibility, which can greatly reduce the development time and cost. Compared with the complexity of avionics system, using FPGA to develop can simply build a set of easy to expand Environmental Control System logger and heterogeneous network gateway.

摘要......i
Abstract......ii
誌謝......iii
目錄......iv
表目錄......vi
圖目錄......vii
第一章 緒論......1
1.1 研究背景......1
1.2 研究目的......1
1.3 國內外相關之研究情況......2
1.4 論文章節概述......3
第二章 系統原理......4
2.1 FPGA概念......4
2.1.1 FPGA架構......4
2.1.2 Nios II處理器核心......5
2.2 ARINC 429通訊協定......6
2.2.1 ARINC 429概念......6
2.2.2 ARINC 429工作原理......6
2.3 MIL-STD-1553B特性與原理......7
2.3.1 MIL-STD-1553B匯流排架構......8
2.3.2 MIL-STD-1553B匯流排工作原理......8
2.3.3 MIL-STD-1553B傳輸類型......11
2.4 USB 1553設備簡介......13
第三章 系統設計......14
3.1 系統架構......14
3.2 MIL-STD-1553B類比資料擷取模組......15
3.2.1 Arria V 5AGXMA3D4F27I3......15
3.2.2 MIL-STD-1553B類比資料擷取模組硬體設計......15
3.2.3 LTC2351-14元件......17
3.2.4 HI-2579元件......18
3.2.5 MIL-STD-1553B類比資料擷取模組之FPGA設計......20
3.3 MIL-STD-1553B與ARINC 429閘道器模組......21
3.3.1 HI-3718元件......22
3.3.2 MIL-STD-1553B與ARINC 429閘道器模組之FPGA設計......23
3.4 環控系統紀錄器模組設計......24
3.4.1 Cyclone V E Base......25
3.4.2 環控系統紀錄器模組硬體設計......25
3.4.3 HI-8588元件......26
3.4.4 DS3231元件......27
3.4.5 NAND Flash元件......28
3.4.6 F-RAM元件......29
3.4.7 FT232RQ元件......30
3.4.8 環控系統紀錄器模組之FPGA設計......31
3.5 使用者應用程式設計......32
第四章 系統實驗與驗證......34
4.1 ARINC 429通訊協定驗證......35
4.1.1 USB 429設備......35
4.1.2 訊息傳輸驗證......36
4.1.3 訊息接收驗證......37
4.2 MIL-STD-1553B匯流排驗證......38
4.2.1 訊息格式驗證......38
4.2.2 訊息傳輸類型驗證......41
4.3 MIL-STD-1553B匯流排模組測試......44
4.3.1 MIL-STD-1553B類比資料擷取模組測試......44
4.3.2 MIL-STD-1553B與ARINC 429閘道器模組測試......45
4.4 環控系統紀錄器模組測試......48
4.4.1 ARINC 429訊息接收驗證......48
4.5 使用者應用程式測試......50
4.6 產品比較......51
第五章 結論與未來展望......54
5.1 結論......54
5.2 未來展望......54
參考文獻......55
Extended Abstract......57

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