臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

在工業持續發展與維持環境保護之間，工業廢棄物的再利用是生態環境維持的重要因素。由於 鋁是地球上第三大豐富的元素 且工業應用極廣，因此廢鋁渣的回收非常重要。鋁渣因活性大易與水反應產生氨氣、甲烷等刺鼻氣體，且具有易膨脹燃燒的特性，故使的鋁渣再利用的可行性降低了許多。
本文研究之主要目的是利用二次鋁渣產生之氨氣，對稻稈進行加速解離的可行性分析。研究中利用水與雙氧水及鋁渣反應產生之氣體加速稻稈的解離。反應後之稻稈樣品由中遠紅外線檢測稻稈樣品並進行官能基及穿透率之比較，結果顯示穿透率隨著溫度的上升而增加。以X光繞射儀量測結晶度可知隨反應時間的拉長稻稈纖維結晶度明顯降低，且在光學顯微鏡下發現纖維表面產生破碎的跡象。由於氣體中氨能與纖維素上的部分羥基形成Cell-OH-NH3形式的配位化合物，從而使稻稈纖維素發生膨脹產生裂痕故能使稻稈纖維素與木質素有效分散。

Between the sustainable development of industry and the maintenance of environmental protection, the reuse of industrial waste is an important factor in maintaining the ecological environment. Since aluminum is the third most abundant element on the earth and has a wide range of industrial applications, the recycling of aluminum scrap is very important. Due to its high activity, the aluminum slag easily reacts with water to produce pungent gases such as ammonia and nitrogen, and has the characteristics of easy expansion and combustion, so the possibility of reuse of the aluminum slag is greatly reduced. The main purpose of this study is to use the ammonia produced by secondary aluminum slag to accelerate the catalytic decomposition of rice straw. In the study, the gas produced by the reaction of water with hydrogen peroxide and aluminum slag was used to accelerate the dissociation of rice straw. After the reaction, the rice straw samples were detected by mid-far infrared ray and the functional groups and the penetration rate were compared. The results showed that the penetration rate increased with the increase of temperature. The crystallinity measured by X-ray diffractometer shows that the crystallinity of the elongated rice straw fiber decreases significantly with the reaction time, and signs of fracture on the fiber surface are found under an optical microscope. Because the ammonia in the gas can form part of the hydroxyl group on the cellulose, the coordination compound in the form of Cell-OH-NH3 can cause the cellulose of the rice straw to expand and cause cracks. As a result, it can effectively disperse the cellulose and lignin of the rice straw.

摘要.....i
Abstract.....ii
誌謝.....iii
目錄.....iv
表目錄.....vii
圖目錄.....viii
第一章、緒論.....1
1.1前言.....1
1.2研究動機.....2
1.3 研究目的.....2
第二章、文獻探討.....5
2.1 稻稈來源及處理方式.....5
2.1木質纖維素.....7
2.1.1纖維素(Cellulose).....8
2.2半纖維素(Hemicellulose).....10
2.3木質素(Lignin).....11
2.4 稻稈前處理.....11
2.4.1氨纖維膨脹 (Ammonia fiber expansion AFEX).....12
2.5氨化作用（ammonification）.....13
2.6鋁渣來源.....14
2.7鋁渣的遇水特性.....15
2.8 廢鋁渣的應用.....17
第三章、實驗步驟及儀器介紹.....19
3.1 實驗材料.....19
3.2實驗基材事前準備.....20
3.2.1稻稈處理.....20
3.3實驗設備.....21
3.3.1冷凝管.....21
3.3.2電磁加熱攪拌器.....21
3.3.3其他實驗儀器及器材.....21
3.4分析儀器及原理.....22
3.4.1 掃描式電子顯微鏡 (Scanning Electron Microscope，SEM).....22
3.4.2能量散射光譜儀 (Energy Dispersive Spectrometer，EDS).....22
3.4.3 X光繞射分析儀 (X-ray diffractometer，XRD).....23
3.4.4傅立葉紅外線光譜儀 (Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy，FTIR).....24
3.4.5光學顯微鏡 (Optical microscope，OM).....24
3.5實驗規劃與步驟.....25
3.5.1實驗規劃.....25
3.5.2實驗步驟.....26
第四章、結果與討論.....33
4.1實驗分析.....33
4.1.1鋁渣浸水酸鹼值分析.....33
4.2鋁渣結晶及表面形貌分析.....38
4.3不同溫度下氨對於稻稈表面影響之光譜分析.....42
4.4稻稈在光學顯微鏡下表面觀察.....47
4.5纖維結晶度比較.....50
第五章、結論.....52
參考文獻.....54
Extended Abstract.....58

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