臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

工業4.0 (Industry 4.0)的概念最早由德國政府於2013年正式提出，工業4.0又稱第四次工業革命，透過資訊與設備的整合使其成為工業發展的重要議題；工業4.0的導入，帶領製造系統走向多元化生產，現今自動化的大量生產經營模式已非主流，少量多樣的客製化產品方能滿足顧客需求，並將帶動全球工業技術不斷邁進。永續發展(Sustainable Development)為1987年聯合國布倫特蘭(Brundtland)報告中提出，透過社會，經濟及環境，等三大構面去實現永續發展；旨在使用最少的資源、且對環境及社會產生最小負面影響，並考量社會的安全性、世代間公平性、以及以負擔得起的費用來生產產品與提供服務；且在永續發展的研究文獻中，已證實企業對於社會責任和獲利能力之間存在著顯著和正向的關係。文獻中也證實，永續性管理和績效的提升，對企業的發展和成長而言，有明顯的效益。
本研究依據文獻回顧，定義工業4.0與永續發展相關指標，分別利用模糊積分(Fuzzy Intergral, FI)篩選永續發展三大構面之準則，以及工業4.0智慧層級之關鍵技術，最終透過相鄰約略集合理論(Rough Set Theory, RST)探討核心技術，再深入了解永續發展與工業4.0之間的關聯性，從工業4.0導入情況中，找出有效提升永續發展的關鍵技術。
本研究以製造業為對象，針對我國大製造業為調查對象，結合工業4.0相關技術與永續發展之效能及績效評估，最後透過相鄰約略集合理論找出關鍵技術，此結果可提供業界參考，以提升企業間之競爭力，並作為推動永續發展以及工業4.0之參考依據。

The concept of Industry 4.0 (Industry 4.0) was first formally proposed by the German government in 2013. Industry 4.0, also known as the fourth industrial revolution,it has become an important issue for industrial development through the integration of information and equipment.The introduction of Industry 4.0 transforms the manufacturing system moving towards diversified production, today's automated mass production operation mode is no longer mainstream. Only a small number of diversified customized products can meet customer needs, which is transformed into driving the continuous advancement of global industrial technology. Sustainable Development (SD) was proposed in the Brundtland report of the United Nations in 1987. It aims to achieve sustainable development through three major dimensions: society, economy, and environment; which purpose uses the smallest of resources to produce and is environmentally. For the society has the least impact, and considers the safety of society, the fairness of generations, and the production of products and services at an affordable cost; and in the research literature of sustainable development, it has been confirmed that enterprises are responsible for social responsibility and gains. There is a significant and positive relationship between profitability. The literature also confirms that sustainable management and performance improvement have obvious benefits for the development and growth of enterprises.

According to the literature review, this research defines the indicators related of the Industry 4.0 and sustainable development. Firtst uses Fuzzy Intergral (FI) to analysis the criteria of the three dimensions of sustainable development and the key technologies of the Smart Level of Industry 4.0. Second use neighborhood rough set theory (RST) explores core technologies, and then deeply understands the relationship between sustainable development and Industry 4.0, and from the introduction of Industry 4.0, finds out the key technologies to effectively promote sustainable development.

This research takes the top manufacturing industries in Taiwan as the object and the as the survey target. It combines the efficiency and performance evaluation of Industry 4.0-related technologies and sustainable development. Finally, the key technologies are identified through the neighborhood rough set theory. This result can provide Industry reference to enhance the competitiveness of enterprises and serve as a reference for promoting sustainable development and Industry 4.0.

摘要.........................................................i
Abstract....................................................ii
誌謝.......................................................iii
目錄........................................................iv
表目錄......................................................vi
圖目錄....................................................viii
第一章 緒論..................................................1
1.1研究背景與動機.............................................1
1.2研究目的..................................................2
1.3研究流程..................................................2
第二章 文獻探討...............................................4
2.1永續發展...................................................4
2.2 永續發展準則..............................................5
2.2.1 環境構面................................................5
2.2.2 經濟構面................................................8
2.2.3 社會構面...............................................10
2.3 工業4.0..................................................13
2.4 工業4.0與永續發展的相關研究................................20
第三章 研究方法...............................................22
3.1研究架構...................................................22
3.2研究流程...................................................24
3.3模糊積分...................................................26
3.3.1 模糊測度................................................27
3.3.2 三角形模糊數............................................28
3.3.3 語意變數................................................29
3.3.4 模糊積分................................................29
3.4效能解模糊化................................................31
3.4.1模糊理論應用..............................................31
3.4.2模糊數值轉換明確數.........................................32
3.5約略集合理論................................................34
3.5.1 資訊系統與決策表..........................................35
3.5.2等價關係..................................................36
3.5.3近似空間..................................................37
第四章 實證研究.................................................40
4.1 永續發展的績效..............................................41
4.1.1 永續績效問卷設計..........................................41
4.1.2 永續績效評估計算..........................................42
4.2 工業4.0效能評估.............................................52
4.2.1 工業4.0問卷設計...........................................52
4.2.2 工業4.0效能計算...........................................56
4.3永續績效與工業4.0技術效能之決策規則............................61
第五章 結論與建議................................................77
5.1研究成果.....................................................77
5.2研究貢獻.....................................................78
5.3研究限制與未來方向............................................78
參考文獻........................................................80
附錄.永續發展及工業4.0績效評估問卷................................91
Extended Abstract..............................................95

中文文獻
1.李明章 (2005)，「應用模糊績分法於 ERP 軟體供應商選擇」。
2.鄭硯澤 (2015).中小製造業永續發展評估模式之建立與分析,虎尾科技大學工業管理系工業工程與管理碩士班學位論文,1-94。
3.劉弈寬 (2018). 工業4.0對提升製造系統韌性之關鍵因素, 虎尾科技大學工業管理系工業工程與管理碩士班學位論文, (2018 年), 1-97。
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