本研究探討在使用無人自動搬運車 (automatic guided vehicle,以下簡稱AGV)的生產系統,增設自動倉儲(automated Storage & Retrieval System , ASRS)是否可以解決機台進出料暫存區空間不足,造成機台停止運作的問題,同時提升系統產出。

根據文獻提出滿足目標產出所需自動倉儲容量與 AGV 車輛數的計算公式,計算出模擬的基準值,並利用 ARENA 15.1 模擬軟體進行實驗;探討增設自動倉儲對系統的有效性,同時觀察自動倉儲與 AGV 兩者是否會互相影響;最後比較不同自動倉儲設置地點與 AGV 調度規則對系統產出的影響。根據系統產出、自動倉儲使用率、自動倉儲爆倉率、AGV 使用率評估模擬結果。

結果顯示:(1)增設自動倉儲可以提升系統產出。(2)自動倉儲與 AGV 有很密切的關聯性,過少的 AGV 車輛影響自動倉儲使用率;不考慮交通阻塞的情況大量的 AGV 可以代替自動倉儲。(3)適當的自動倉儲的設置地點能提升系統產出。(4)在 AGV 車輛數或是自動倉儲容量不足時,不同的調度規則對系統產出會有明顯影響,且使用上游輸入端前瞻性規則或是不使用調度規則的系統產出會比較多;AGV 車輛數及自動倉儲容量越多,不同調度規則對系統產出的影響越小。

This study discusses the production system of an Automatic Guided Vehicle (AGV) ,by adding an Automated Storage & Retrieval System (ASRS) and to determine if it can solve the insufficient buffer storage capacity of the machine, which causes the equipment to stop working. By doing so, it can increase system output.

According to the literature, we identified a calculation formula for enough ASRS capacity and AGV vehicle to achieve its production targets then to calculate the datum value of the simulative test , and use ARENA 15.1 simulation software for testing. Then to discuss the effectiveness of adding an ASRS to the system, and observe if an ASRS and AGV will affect each other. Finally, to compare how different ASRS locations and AGV dispatch rules will impact system output. According to the system output, the usage rate of ASRS, the over capacity limit rate of ASRS , and the usage rate of AGV to estimate
the result of the simulative test.

Results indicated: (1) Adding ASRS can improve system output. (2) ASRS has a
closed relation with AGV, too little AGV will affect the usage of ASRS. If we don’t consider traffic, a large number of AGV can replace ASRS. (3) Suitable ASRS location can improve system output. (4) When the number of AGV vehicles or ASRS capacity is insufficient, AGV dispatch rules has significant effect on system output, and the system output with upstream input forward-looking rules or without dispatch rules will be more;the more AGV vehicles and ASRS capacity, the less impact of different AGV dispatch rules on system output.

摘要.......................................................................I
Abstract..................................................................IV
誌謝......................................................................IV
圖目錄....................................................................VII
表目錄...................................................................VIII
第一章 緒論.................................................................1
1.1 研究背景與動機..........................................................1
1.2 研究目的 ...............................................................2
1.3 研究限制 .............................................................. 2
1.4 論文架構............................................................... 2
第二章 文獻探討.............................................................4
2.1 製造業物料搬運自動化.....................................................4
2.2 AGV 的路徑規劃..........................................................6
2.2.1 單向軌道系統..........................................................6
2.2.2 雙向軌道系統..........................................................7
2.2.3 單迴路軌道系統........................................................7
2.2.4 串聯軌道系統..........................................................7
2.2.5 無軌道系統............................................................8
2.3 AGV 多載量車輛..........................................................9
2.4 AGV 調度規則...........................................................11
2.4.1 單屬性調度規則.......................................................11
2.4.2 多屬性調度規則.......................................................12
2.5 AGV 車輛需求數.........................................................14
2.6 研究方法...............................................................16
第三章 研究設計............................................................17
3.1 問題定義...............................................................17
3.2 系統設計...............................................................19
3.3 環境設定...............................................................25
3.4 決策變數...............................................................26
3.5 績效指標...............................................................31
第四章 實驗設計與分析.......................................................32
4.1 實驗目的與實驗環境 .....................................................32
4.2 實驗設計 ..............................................................34
4.2.1 實驗的環境假設 ......................................................34
4.2.2 計算 AGV 數量與自動倉儲容量 ..........................................36
4.2.3 決定暖機時間及重複實驗次數.............................................38
4.3 實驗結果與分析.........................................................39
4.3.1 第一階段實驗.........................................................39
4.3.2 第二階段實驗.........................................................41
4.3.3 第三階段實驗.........................................................42
4.3.4 第四階段實驗.........................................................44
第五章 結論與後續研究項目....................................................47
5.1 結論 .................................................................47
5.2 後續研究項目 ..........................................................49
參考文獻...................................................................50
附錄 ARENA 模擬畫面 .......................................................52

一、 中文文獻

盟立自動化股份有限公司(2019 年 12 月 10 日)。半導體級 AGV(無人搬運車)及周邊自動搬送系統整合應用。取自:https://is.gd/gMbdtL,擷取:西元 2020 年 1 月 2 日。

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