臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

隨著儲能系統和電動車的發展，未來電池應用將持續增加，導致對控制電池充放電的雙向直流-直流轉換器需求增加。非反向升降壓轉換器有著多模式與完全對稱等優勢，是常見的非隔離型直流-直流轉換器。以往的研究中，為提高轉換器效率，有些調整切換死區，有些調整切換頻率。然而，大部分方法僅在小負載下有效，在重載下效率反而降低。另外，一些研究運用多模式操作，在輕載時使用零電壓切換模式，在重載時使用硬切換模式，以實現寬功率範圍下高效率的操作。然而，這些方法依賴轉換器參數，無法實時調整以優化整體效率。為此，本研究提出了一種提高非反向升降壓轉換器效率的控制方法，通過調整兩臂開關切換訊號的相位，利用最佳效率追蹤的方式，使轉換器在輕、中、重載下的整體效率提升。實驗結果表明，相較於一般非反向升降壓轉換器，在重載下可提升12%以上的效率，在輕載下可提升17%以上的效率。

With the development of energy storage systems and electric vehicles, the demand for bidirectional DC-DC converters that control battery charging and discharging is expected to increase in the future. Non-inverting buck-boost converters, known for their advantages such as multiple operating modes and full symmetry in circuits, are commonly used as non-isolated DC-DC converters. Previous studies have focused on improving the efficiency of these converters by adjusting the deadtime or the switching frequency. However, these methods are effective only at light loads and can lead to decreased efficiency at heavy loads. Some previous works have proposed multi-mode operation, such as using zero-voltage switching mode at light loads and hard-switching mode at heavy loads, to achieve wide power range operation. However, these methods rely on converter parameters and cannot achieve optimize overall efficiency. Hence, this thesis proposes a control method to enhance the efficiency of non-inverting buck-boost converters by adjusting the phase difference between the switching signals on both arms. The proposed approach utilizes optimal efficiency tracking to achieve improved overall efficiency at light, medium, and heavy loads. Experimental results demonstrate that compared to conventional non-inverting buck-boost converters, the proposed optimal efficiency tracking control method can increase efficiency by more than 12% at heavy loads and over 17% at light loads.

摘要 v
ABSTRACT vi
致謝 viii
目錄 ix
表目錄 xiii
圖目錄 xiv
符號說明 xviii
一、 緒論 1
1.1 研究動機 1
1.2 論文架構 4
二、 文獻回顧 5
2.1 架構的選擇 5
2.2 架構的操作 6
2.3 非反向升降壓轉換器相關文獻回顧 9
2.3.1 利用MOSFET開關內部的寄生二極體，達到零電壓切換 9
2.3.2 固定某一臂切換週期，操作於定電壓與定電流下 10
2.3.3 在寬範圍電壓下，操作於零電壓切換與硬切換模式 11
2.4 先前研究的回顧 12
2.4.1 控制狀態機制(State Machine) 13
2.4.2 零電壓切換偵測 14
2.4.3 電流量測機制 15
2.5 最佳效率方法文獻回顧 16
2.5.1 調變切換頻率，以優化效率 16
2.5.2 最大效率點追蹤時，調整死區時間，以優化效率 18
2.5.3 雙向升壓轉換器在線優化策略 20
2.5.4 經由二維的演算法，找尋最佳效率，達到在線優化 21
三、 研究設計與方法 23
3.1 LTsice模擬 23
3.2 效率優化技術(EOT) 26
3.2.1 調整φ 26
3.2.2 調整td 27
3.2.3 調整Dbk 29
3.3 電路開關動作 30
3.3.1 ZVS模式 30
3.3.2 HS模式 31
3.4 電流控制限制 34
3.4.1 Dbk上限 35
3.4.2 Dbk下限 36
3.5 相位調整限制 37
3.5.1 Phase上限 37
3.5.2 Phase下限 38
3.6 新狀態機制 39
四、 實驗結果 40
4.1 電路介紹 40
4.1.1 電路參數 40
4.1.2 電路控制 41
4.1.3 硬體電路 42
4.2 開迴路測試 44
4.3 零電壓切換(ZVS)偵測 47
4.3.1 電晶體Q1開關開啟狀態 51
4.3.2 電晶體Q2開關開啟狀態 54
4.3.3 電晶體Q3開關開啟狀態 57
4.3.4 電晶體Q4開關開啟狀態 60
4.4 電流控制限制 63
4.4.1 Dbk上限 63
4.4.2 Dbk下限 64
4.5 相位調整限制 65
4.5.1 Phase上限 65
4.5.2 Phase下限 66
4.6 效率優化技術(EOT) 67
4.6.1 ZVS模式 67
4.6.2 ZVS-HS模式 69
4.7 實測效率 71
4.8 ZVS與HS模式間的切換分界線 75
4.9 雙向模式間操作 77
五、 結論與未來研究方向 79
5.1 結論 79
5.2 未來研究方向 80
參考文獻 81

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