臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本研究於固定pH值等於12的條件下，利用水熱合成法製備LaVO4螢光粉主體，先分別摻雜Sm3+、Tm3+和Bi3+等活化劑離子，然後取各自的最佳值進行共摻，探討活化劑離子摻雜濃度對於螢光粉粉末表面型態與發光特性之影響。
第一部分以LaVO4作為螢光粉主體，固定pH值等於12，摻雜不同濃度之Sm3+離子於煆燒180℃持溫16小時的情況下製備LaVO4:Sm3+螢光粉。由XRD分析結果顯示，隨著Sm3+離子摻雜濃度的增加，其結晶結構均為正方晶系(Tetragonal) LaVO4 之結構，並無二次相的產生。SEM分析結果顯示摻雜不同濃度之Sm3+的LaVO4皆為棒狀結構。在319 nm波長的激發下，放射光譜由Sm3+離子的4G5/2→6H5/2、4G5/2→6H7/2、4G5/2→6H9/2、4G5/2→6H11/2 電子躍遷組成，當Sm3+離子濃度為1 mol%時，有最強的放射強度。CIE色度座標為(x = 0.599, y = 0.373)，位於桃紅光區。
第二部分則摻雜不同濃度之Bi3+離子，製備LaVO4:Bi3+螢光粉。由XRD分析結果顯示，隨著Bi3+離子摻雜濃度的增加，並不會改變其結晶結構，仍為正方晶系LaVO4 之結構，亦無二次相的產生。SEM分析結果顯示摻雜不同濃度之Bi3+的LaVO4亦為棒狀結構。在320 nm波長的激發下，放射光譜由Bi3+離子的3P1→1S0 寬放射帶所組成，當Bi3+離子濃度為4 mol%時，有最強的放射強度。CIE色度座標為(x = 0.258, y = 0.405)，位於綠光區。
第三部分則摻雜不同濃度之Tm3+離子，製備LaVO4:Tm3+螢光粉。由XRD分析結果顯示，隨著Tm3+離子摻雜濃度的增加，其結晶結構並無改變，一樣為正方晶系LaVO4 之結構，也無二次相的產生。SEM分析結果顯示摻雜不同濃度之Tm3+的LaVO4皆為棒狀結構。在319 nm波長的激發下，放射光譜由Tm3+離子的1G4→3H6、1G4→3F4 電子躍遷所組成。當Tm3+離子濃度為1 mol%時，有最強的放射強度。CIE色度座標為(x = 0.131, y = 0.121)，則位於藍光區。
第四部份以LaVO4作為螢光粉主體，取Sm3+、Bi3+、Tm3+ 三種活化劑離子的最佳濃度進行共摻，之後分別調整其濃度而取得最接近白光之活化劑濃度。由XRD分析結果顯示，隨著調整三種活化劑離子摻雜濃度，其結晶結構為正方晶系LaVO4 之結構。SEM分析結果顯示於不同共摻濃度下的LaVO4 皆為棒狀結構。在319 nm波長的激發下，放射光譜由Sm3+、Bi3+、Tm3+ 三種離子的4G5/2→6H5/2、4G5/2→6H7/2、4G5/2→6H9/2、4G5/2→6H11/2、3P1→1S0、1G4→3H6、1G4→3F4 電子躍遷組成，當Sm3+ 為1 mol%、Bi3+為4 mol%、Tm3+為5 mol%時，其CIE色度座標為最接近NTSC所規範的正白光區，其座標為(x = 0.342, y = 0.378)。

In this study, a hydrothermal synthesis method was used to prepare LaVO4 fluorescent powder under the solution pH value of 12. Initially, Sm3+, Tm3+, and Bi3+ ions were individually doped, followed by co-doping at their respective optimal concentrations. The investigation focused on the effects of doping concentrations related to the crystal structure, surface morphologies, and luminescent characteristics, respectively.
In the first part, LaVO4 served as the fluorescent powder host, and different concentrations of Sm3+ ion were doped. Under the conditions of fixed pH at 12, and heat treatment at 180°C for 16 h, XRD analysis revealed a tetragonal crystal structure for LaVO4 with an increase in Sm3+ ion concentration, without the formation of secondary phases. SEM analysis showed rod-like structures for LaVO4 doped with various concentrations of Sm3+ ion. Under excitation at 319 nm, the emission spectrum comprised the electronic transitions of 4G5/2→6H5/2, 4G5/2→6H7/2, 4G5/2→6H9/2, and 4G5/2→6H11/2 from Sm3+ ions, respectively, with the strongest radiative intensity observed at 1% Sm3+ concentration. The CIE coordinates were located in the pink region, with a coordinate of x = 0.599, y = 0.373.
In the second part, LaVO4 was again used as the fluorescent powder host, with the doping of different concentrations of Bi3+ ion. Similar heat treatment conditions and analysis revealed that a tetragonal crystal structure was kept for LaVO4 with increasing Bi3+ ion concentration, and no secondary phases were detected. SEM analysis exhibited rod-like structures for LaVO4 doped with various Bi3+ concentrations. Under excitation at 320 nm, the emission spectrum was characterized by a broad emission from the 3P1→1S0 transition of Bi3+ ion, with the strongest radiative intensity observed at 4% Bi3+ ion concentration. The CIE coordinate was x = 0.258, y = 0.405, which were located in the green region.
In the third part, LaVO4 was used as the fluorescent powder host, and different concentrations of Tm3+ ion were doped. Keeping the heat treatment conditions and analysis revealed that a tetragonal crystal structure for LaVO4 with increasing Tm3+ ion concentration, and no secondary phases were observed. SEM analysis showed rod-like structures for LaVO4 doped with various Tm3+ ion concentrations. Under excitation at 319 nm, the emission spectrum comprised of the 1G4→3H6 and 1G4→3F4 electronic transitions of the Tm3+ ions, and the strongest radiative intensity was observed for 1% Tm3+ ion concentration doped. The CIE coordinates were located in the blue region, with a coordinate of x = 0.131, y = 0.121.
In the fourth part, LaVO4 was employed as the primary material for fluorescent powder, and the optimal concentrations of Sm3+, Bi3+, and Tm3+ ions were co-doped. The co-doping was conducted under fixed pH at 12, followed by annealing at 180°C for 16 hours. Subsequently, the concentrations were individually adjusted to achieve the closest approximation to white light. XRD analysis revealed that, with the adjustment of the concentrations of the three ions, the crystal structure remained tetragonal LaVO4, and no secondary phases were observed. SEM analysis indicated that LaVO4 maintained a rod-like structure under different co-doping concentrations. Under excitation at 319 nm, the emission spectra were composed of electronic transitions from the Sm3+, Bi3+, and Tm3+ ions, including the 4G5/2→6H5/2, 4G5/2→6H7/2, 4G5/2→6H9/2, 4G5/2→6H11/2, 3P1→1S0, 1G4→3H6, and 1G4→3F4 at concentrations of 1% Sm3+, 4% Bi3+, and 5% Tm3+ ions, respectively. The emitted light closely approached the white light region specified by NTSC. The CIE coordinates were located in the white light region, with a coordinate of x = 0.342, y = 0.378.

摘要.........i
Abstract.........iii
誌謝.........v
目錄.........vi
表目錄.........ix
圖目錄.........x
第一章 緒論.........1
1-1 前言.........1
1-2 LaVO4主體晶格介紹.........1
1-3 研究動機與目的.........2
第二章 基礎理論與文獻回顧.........6
2-1 發光的定義.........6
2-1-1 螢光與磷光.........6
2-1-2 螢光材料介紹.........6
2-1-3 激發源種類與其應用.........7
2-2 螢光材料種類.........8
2-2-1 有機螢光材料.........8
2-2-2 無機發光材料.........8
2-2-3 半導體發光材料.........9
2-3 固態材料中的光致發光現象.........10
2-3-1 本質型發光 (Intrinsic Luminescence).........10
2-3-2 外質型發光 (extrinsic luminescence).........10
2-4 發光機制介紹.........12
2-4-1 發光原理與發光過程.........12
2-4-2 組態座標 (configuration coordination).........12
2-4-3 史托克位移 (stokes shift).........12
2-4-4 能量轉移 (energy transfer).........13
2-4-5 電子-聲子交互作用 (electron-phonon interaction).........13
2-4-6 交叉緩解 (cross relaxation).........14
2-4-7 非輻射躍遷 (non-radiative transition).........14
2-5 影響發光性質及效率的主因.........15
2-5-1 主體晶格效應.........15
2-5-2 濃度淬滅效應 (concentration quenching effect).........15
2-5-3 熱淬滅效應 (thermal quenching).........15
2-5-4 毒劑效應 (poisoning effect).........16
2-5-5 光游離效應 (photoionization effect).........16
2-5-6 補償效應 (offset effect).........16
2-6 螢光體的組成與選擇.........17
2-7 稀土金屬離子之發光特性.........18
2-8 螢光粉體之合成技術.........19
2-8-1 水熱合成法 (hydrothermal method).........19
2-8-2 固態反應法 (solid-state reaction).........19
2-8-3 溶膠凝膠法 (sol-gol method).........19
第三章 實驗方法與步驟.........37
3-1 實驗流程.........37
3-2 實驗材料.........37
3-3 成分與結構分析.........38
3-3-1 X光繞射 (X-ray diffraction analysis, XRD)分析.........38
3-3-2 場發射掃描式電子顯微鏡
(Field emission scanning electron microscopy, FE-SEM) 分析.........38
3-4 螢光粉體之光學特性分析.........38
3-4-1 吸收光譜 (Absorption spectrum).........38
3-4-2 螢光光譜儀 (Photoluminescence, PL)特性分析.........38
3-4-3 衰減時間 (Decay time)分析.........39
3-4-4 熱淬滅 (Thermal quenching)分析.........39
3-4-5 CIE色度座標分析 (analysis of C.I.E chromaticity diagram).........39
第四章 結果與討論.........43
4-1 以水熱合成法製備LaVO4：Sm3+螢光粉.........43
4-1-1 LaVO4：Sm3+螢光粉之XRD結構分析.........43
4-1-2 場發射掃描式電子顯微鏡(FE-SEM)表面型態分析.........43
4-1-3 LaVO4：Sm3+螢光粉之吸收光譜分析.........43
4-1-4 LaVO4：Sm3+螢光粉之激發光譜分析.........43
4-1-5 LaVO4：Sm3+螢光粉之放射光譜分析.........44
4-1-6 LaVO4：Sm3+螢光粉之衰減曲線.........44
4-1-7 LaVO4：Sm3+螢光粉之CIE色度座標.........45
4-1-8 LaVO4：Sm3+(1 mol%)螢光粉之熱淬滅分析.........45
4-1-9 結論.........45
4-2 以水熱合成法製備LaVO4：Bi3+螢光粉.........56
4-2-1 LaVO4：Bi3+螢光粉之XRD結構分析.........56
4-2-2 場發射掃描式電子顯微鏡(FE-SEM)表面型態分析.........56
4-2-3 LaVO4：Bi3+螢光粉之吸收光譜分析.........56
4-2-4 LaVO4：Bi3+螢光粉之激發光譜分析.........56
4-2-5 LaVO4：Bi3+螢光粉之放射光譜分析.........57
4-2-6 LaVO4：Bi3+螢光粉之衰減曲線.........57
4-2-7 LaVO4：Bi3+螢光粉之CIE色度座標.........57
4-2-8 LaVO4：Bi3+(4 mol%)螢光粉之熱淬滅分析.........57
4-2-9 結論.........57
4-3 以水熱合成法製備LaVO4：Tm3+螢光粉.........69
4-3-1 LaVO4：Tm3+螢光粉之XRD結構分析.........69
4-3-2 場發射掃描式電子顯微鏡(FE-SEM)表面型態分析.........69
4-3-3 LaVO4：Tm3+螢光粉之吸收光譜分析.........69
4-3-4 LaVO4：Tm3+螢光粉之激發光譜分析.........69
4-3-5 LaVO4：Tm3+螢光粉之放射光譜分析.........69
4-3-6 LaVO4：Tm3+螢光粉之衰減曲線.........70
4-3-7 LaVO4：Tm3+螢光粉之CIE色度座標.........70
4-3-8 LaVO4：Tm3+(1 mol%)螢光粉之熱淬滅分析.........70
4-3-9 結論.........70
4-4 以水熱合成法製備LaVO4：Sm3+、Bi3+、Tm3+螢光粉.........82
4-4-1 LaVO4：Sm3+、Bi3+、Tm3+螢光粉之XRD結構分析.........82
4-4-2 場發射掃描式電子顯微鏡(FE-SEM)表面型態分析.........82
4-4-3 LaVO4：Sm3+、Bi3+、Tm3+螢光粉之吸收光譜分析.........82
4-4-4 LaVO4：Sm3+、Bi3+、Tm3+螢光粉之激發光譜分析.........83
4-4-5 LaVO4：Sm3+、Bi3+、Tm3+螢光粉之放射光譜分析.........83
4-4-6 LaVO4：Sm3+、Bi3+、Tm3+螢光粉之CIE色度座標.........83
4-4-7 LaVO4：Sm3+(1 mol%)、Bi3+(4 mol%)、Tm3+(1 mol%)螢光粉之熱淬滅分析.........83
4-4-8 結論.........84
第五章 結論.........102
參考文獻.........103
Extended Abstract.........108

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