臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本論文旨在探討小尺寸石化管線振動異常現象，目的在建立一套管線振動篩選原則，以確認管線是否有潛在性疲勞破壞問題，並進行下一階段之應變監測與疲勞壽命評估，以及後續之改善工程；文中介紹小尺寸管線操作異常可能原因、風險等級以及振動量測方法，並以某石化廠為應用實例，說明分析程序，最後以有限元素法針對其中四條操作異常的管線進行振動與模態分析；由研究結果可看出，英國能源學會與歐洲往複式壓縮機公會(EFRC)之管線振動判斷準則過於嚴苛，需進行適度修正；本研究以有限元素法進行重力作用下的靜態應力分析，所得到之應力分佈頗為合理，此外，本研究振動模態分析所獲得之管線自然頻率非常接近現場實地量測值，從而可確認本分析模型與分析方法之可靠性，由模態應力分佈可知，彎管內側為應力集中最大處，此處亦為破壞潛在風險最高處，可監測此處之應力情況做為評估疲勞壽命之依據；本研究藉由諧響應分析結果推斷所探討之四條管線不會發生疲勞斷裂；最後，本研究利用反推法求出小管線最大應力值達到疲勞極限時之振動頻率與振動速度，以修正英國能源學會與EFRC所訂定之管線振動判斷準則，該修正型判斷準則將有助於保養維修人員判斷管線是否有發生疲勞破壞的潛在危險，以利進行預防性及後續改善措施。

This dissertation aims to develop a procedure for analyzing and assessing the vibration modes of small-bore piping connections so that the potential threat of fatigue failure can be detected in the earlier phase and the stress monitoring, service life assessment, as well as the subsequent improvement task can proceed thereafter. This study discusses the possible consequences of the abnormalities of small-bore piping connections, the risk ranks, and the vibration measurement methods. We take the pipeline of a petroleum refinery as an example to illustrate the analysis procedure and then apply finite element method to analyze the vibration modes for four of the abnormal small-bore piping connections investigated. From the simulation results, it is found that the guidelines for the vibration induced fatigue failure in process pipework proposed by the UK Energy Institute and EFRC (European Forum for Reciprocating Compressors) are too strict and need to be amended appropriately. We use the finite element method to analyze the static stress distribution under the action of gravitation and the result is reasonable. In addition, the natural frequencies obtained from the vibration mode analysis of the pipes investigated are very close to the field measurement values. The reliability of the numerical model and the method for analysis are therefore confirmed. From the stress profile of the simulation results, the highest stress concentration occurs at the inner side of the bend, which is the potential location of the highest risk of fatigue failure and can be monitored for the evaluation of fatigue life. From the result of harmonic response analysis, fatigue failure will not occur for the four abnormal pipes investigated. Finally, we use the reverse deduction method to find the vibration frequency and velocity corresponding to the fatigue limit stress of the pipe. The guidelines for the vibration induced fatigue failure in process pipework proposed by the UK Energy Institute and EFRC is amended accordingly. The revised guidelines are expected to be helpful for the maintenance and repair personnel to diagnose the potential threats of fatigue failure and to proceed with the subsequent prevention and improvement tasks.

摘要...i
Abstract...iii
誌謝...v
目錄...vi
表目錄...ix
圖目錄...xi
符號說明...xvii
第一章 緒論...1
1.1 研究背景...1
1.2重要參考文獻評述...10
1.3 研究目的...17
第二章 研究方法...18
2.1管線振動判斷準則...18
2.2管線振動量測儀器...20
2.3數值方法...24
2.3.1模型建構...25
2.3.2材料性質...25
2.3.3網格分割...25
2.3.4結構分析...26
2.3.4.1靜態分析...26
2.3.4.2模態分析...27
2.3.4.3諧響應分析...28
2.3.5雨流計數法(Rainflow-counting algorithm)...29
第三章 振動量測與分析...31
3.1振動量測結果...31
3.2振動模態分析...33
3.2.1項次2號管線 33
3.2.1.1 項次2號管線分析模型建構...34
3.2.1.2 項次2管線靜態應力分析...40
3.2.1.3 項次2號管線振動模態分析結果...41
3.2.2 項次27號管線...51
3.2.2.1 項次27管線分析模型建構...52
3.2.2.2 項次27管線靜態應力分析...59
3.2.2.3 項次27號管線振動模態分析結果...60
3.2.3 項次29號管線...69
3.2.3.1 項次29號管線分析模型建構...70
3.2.3.2 項次29管線靜態應力分析...76
3.2.3.3 項次29號管線振動模態分析結果...77
3.2.4 項次33號管線...86
3.2.4.1 項次33號管線分析模型建構...87
3.2.4.2 項次33管線靜態應力分析...93
3.2.4.3 項次33號管線振動模態分析結果...94
第四章 疲勞壽命評估探討...104
4.1 振動源對於管線斷裂之影響...104
4.2 管線振動判斷準則修正...106
4.2.1 項次2號管線...107
4.2.2 項次27號管線...108
4.2.3 項次29號管線...109
4.2.4 項次33號管線...109
4.2.5 管線振動判斷準則修正圖與公式...110
第五章 結論...113
5.1 主要發現...113
5.2 未來工作與建議...113
參考文獻...114
Extended Abstract...122

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