臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

2050年淨零炭排(Net Zero)已進入倒數階段，全世界都正在努力地往這個目標邁進中，其中交通工具的電動化更是重中之重，而交通工具中的電動商用車更是世界上各大車廠正在努力研發的目標，由於商用車從使用頻率、應用層面、以及市場佔有率，都比一般民用車來的高許多，因此電動商用車發展出了許多不同應用。
本次研究目標為一款商用電動三輪車，在眾多都會區物流的最後一哩解決方案(last mile solutions)中，此款車型因具有機車的便利性與操控性，同時還具有超過數倍於機車的載貨能力，成為了城市中在運輸和物流中的最佳選擇方案之一，然而，為了提高其性能、載貨效率和環保性，輕量化技術變得至關重要。
輕量化旨在減少車輛的整體重量，以降低能源消耗、提高續航里程和減少排放，然而商用物流車輛顧名思義貨物運送為其主要使用目的，因此車輛上的貨箱自重與載貨容積成為整車效能之中重要的影響因素，在舊有的傳統貨箱設計中，往往為了保有堅固的貨箱結構，而將貨箱結構的強度設計過高，進而造成貨箱本身自重過大，而物流業者為了能將貨物運載效率達到最高就會出現超載行為，造成行車安全隱患，且增加能耗。
本文將研究如何運用可靠度設計手法、結構分析CAE(Ansys)、實驗計畫法(DOE Design Of Experiment)找出貨箱最佳設計解決方案，目標是貨箱內部空間1000升容積、貨箱模組化功能、最佳輕量化、最佳結構強度應力的搭配組合。

In 2050, the countdown to achieving Net Zero carbon emissions has begun, and the world is making great efforts to work towards this goal. One of the key focus areas is the electrification of transportation, with electric commercial vehicles being a major target for development by major car manufacturers worldwide. Commercial vehicles are used more frequently, have a wider range of applications, and hold a larger market share compared to regular passenger vehicles, making the development of electric commercial vehicles crucial.
The focus of this study is on a commercial electric three-wheeler, which serves as a last mile solution in urban logistics. This vehicle combines the convenience and maneuverability of a motorcycle with a cargo capacity several times that of a motorcycle, making it an ideal choice for transportation and logistics in cities. However, in order to enhance its performance, cargo efficiency, and environmental friendliness, lightweight technology becomes crucial. Lightweighting aims to reduce the overall weight of the vehicle to lower energy consumption, increase range, and decrease emissions.
In traditional cargo box designs, the structure’s strength is often overly designed to maintain a sturdy cargo box structure, leading to excessive self-weight of the cargo box. In order to maximize cargo efficiency, logistic companies may engage in overloading activities, posing safety hazards and increasing energy consumption.
This paper aims to utilize reliability design methods, structural analysis CAE (Ansys), and Design Of Experiment (DOE) to find the optimal design solution for the cargo box. The goal is to achieve a modularized cargo box module with a 1000-liter internal space, optimal lightweighting, and the best combination of structural strength and stress.

摘要...............................................i
Abstract..........................................ii
誌謝...............................................iv
目錄...............................................v
表目錄 ...........................................vii
圖目錄.............................................viii
第一章緒論........................................1
1.1 研究背景與動機................................1
1.2 車輛介紹.....................................2
1.2.1 車輛參數...................................3
第二章 專利分析................................. .4
2.1 專利分析報告..................................4
2.2 貨箱專利......................................5
2.3 專利檢索......................................6
第三章 設計流程與方法..............................7
3.1 貨箱設計規畫..................................7
3.2 確定範圍......................................7
3.3 貨箱規格制定(計畫與制定).......................8
3.3.1 高階系統圖..................................9
3.3.2 系統架構方塊圖..............................10
3.3.3 重要品質量化指標(CTQ Critical to quality)...11
3.3.4 潛在失效模式分析DFMEA.......................12
3.3.5 貨箱重要規格說明............................13
3.4 貨箱原始設計..................................15
3.4.1 貨箱各部零件模組介紹及重量說明................16
3.4.2 原始貨箱測試結果.............................17
3.5 貨箱輕量化設計.................................20
3.5.1 貨箱零件輕量化設計...........................20
3.6 貨箱輕量化與最佳化設計實驗流程..................23
3.7 貨箱最佳化設計因子與水準選擇....................24
3.8 3D模型建立與型簡化.............................25
3.8.1 貨箱網格設定.................................26
3.9 Ansys結構分析條件設定..........................27
3.9.1 貨箱受力條件設定.............................28
第四章 實驗流程與方法...............................30
4.1 原始設計結構應力分析結果........................30
4.1.1 輕量化設計結構應力分析結果....................32
4.2 最佳化分析.....................................41
4.2.1 最終輸出條件.................................41
4.2.2 座標軸轉換檢查...............................41
4.3 變異數分析(ANOVA)..............................43
4.3.1 殘差之常態分配檢查............................44
4.3.2 殘差與預測值檢查..............................46
4.3.3 殘差與實驗順序檢查............................47
4.3.4 預測值與實際值檢查............................49
4.3.5 Box-Cox轉換檢查..............................50
4.3.6 殘差與因子檢查................................52
4.4 影響力分析......................................54
4.4.1 LEVERAGE與實驗順序檢查........................54
4.4.2 DFFITS 與實驗順序檢查.........................55
4.4.3 DFBETAS與實驗順序檢查.........................57
4.4.4 Cook’s DISTANCE 與實驗順序檢查................59
4.4.5 超出警戒線之資料點檢查.........................60
4.5 最佳化設計參數..................................61
4.6 分析結果比較....................................62
第五章 結論與未來展望................................64
5.1 結論............................................64
5.2 未來展望........................................64
6 參考文獻..........................................66
7 附錄一............................................67
7.1 專利申請........................................67
7.1.1 專利申請範圍..................................68
8 Extended Abstract................................73

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