臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

胡瓜猝倒病由立枯絲核菌(Rhizoctonia solani)所引起病害，好發於連作及高溫多濕的環境，為胡瓜苗期主要病害之一。過去農民慣行法大都採用化學藥劑防治為主，對於生態環境的傷害及農作的藥物殘留影響甚鉅，故本研究旨在探討應用木黴菌(T.harzianum SL-BN-R16)菌株對胡瓜猝倒病之防治及連作後之影響。
初步室內試驗，利用平板對峙試驗進行評估，結果顯示木黴菌可抑制立枯絲核菌的能力，在第3天時的平均抑制率為22.66%，到第4天的平均抑制率可達47.12%。
在田間防治的試驗，則以3種不同方式進行試驗，並利用木黴菌濃度達106 cfu/ml的的孢子懸浮液澆灌處理。A組：木黴菌於胡瓜1真葉時的穴盤苗，每穴以50ml木黴菌106 cfu/ml 澆灌處理。B組：每穴以50ml木黴菌106 cfu/ml澆灌處理成長至2真葉時的胡瓜苗。C組：1真葉胡瓜穴盤苗無木黴菌澆灌處理作為對照。結果顯示有接種木黴菌菌株之穴苗定植後A組猝倒率5.6%，未接種之穴苗定植後C組猝倒率33.3%。顯示木黴菌菌株對於胡瓜猝倒病病害有抑制的效果。與未澆灌(T.harzianum SL-BN-R16) 處理之對照組相較，澆灌處理區平均重量增加30%。定植後再以不同頻率於根圈地上部施以木黴菌澆灌，結果顯示每週澆灌之產量最高。綜合以上結果，顯示本研究之木黴菌菌株對胡瓜猝倒病應具有預防猝倒病及促進生長之作用。因此相信木黴菌(T.harzianum SL-BN-R16)可以進一步開發利用為微生物肥料與生物農藥。

Cucumber damping off disease is caused by Rhizoctonia solani, which often occurs in monoculture field at high temperature and humid environment. It is one of the main diseases of cucumber seedlings caused damping off. In the past, farmers mostly used chemical agents for prevention and control, which had a huge impact on the ecological environment and pesticide residues on crops. Therefore, the main purpose of this study was to explore the effect of applying Trichoderma harzianum strain SL-BN-R16 on the prevention of damping off disease of cucumber and its effect on monoculture in green house.
The preliminary laboratory test was evaluated by the dual culture test. The results showed that the ability of T.harzianum strain SL-BN-R16 can inhibit the mycelial growth of R.solani, the average inhibition rate was 22.66% on the third day, and the average inhibition rate was up to 47.12% at the fourth day.
In the field control experiments, the experiment was conducted in three different ways, mainly by pouring the spore suspension of T.harzianum strain SL-BN-R16 with a concentration of 106 cfu/ml. Group A: When the cucumber seedlings had 1 tree leaves, each hole seedlings were treated with 50 ml 106 cfu/ml Trichoderma spore suspensions. Group B: Cucumber seedlings when each seedling was grown 2 tree leaves by pouring treatment with 50ml Trichoderma spore suspension of 106 cfu/ml. Group C: 1 tree leave seedlings of cucumber treated with no Trichoderma as a control. The results showed that after transplanting the seedlings of the inoculated Trichoderma strains into the field, the disease incidence of group A was only 5.6%, while that of the uninoculated group C was 33.3%. This implies that T.harzianum could suppress the rhizoctonia disease of cucumber. Similarly, after the seedlings were transplanted into the field, cucumber seedlings were treated with Trichoderma spore suspension at different frequencies in the root region. The results showed that the yield of cucumber fruits poured weekly with Trichoderma spore suspension had the highest harvest among treatemnts.

中文摘要.............................................................................................................................. i
英文摘要..............................................................................................................,.............. ii
誌謝.....................................................................................................................................iii
目錄.....................................................................................................................................iv
表目錄 ................................................................................................................................v
圖目錄 ...............................................................................................................................vi
第一章、前言......................................................................................................................1
第二章、文獻回顧..............................................................................................................2
2.1 胡瓜簡介….........................................................................................................2
2.2 連作障礙............................................................................................................ 2
2.3 胡瓜猝倒病病原與危害途徑............................................................................ 3
2.4 預防胡瓜猝倒病與防治方法............................................................................ 5
2.5 木黴菌分類地位與特性.................................................................................... 5
2.6 木黴菌在病害防治之應用現況........................................................................ 7
第三章、 材料與方法........................................................................................................8
3.1 實驗材料與方法................................................................................................ 8
3.1.1 供試菌株來源及保存................................................................................. 8
3.1.2 木黴菌對胡瓜猝倒病之抑制能力測定 ................................................. 8
3.2 田間試驗.......................................................................................................... 9
3.3 調查與分析項目...............................................................................................9
第四章、 結果與討論......................................................................................................11
4.1 木黴菌對胡瓜猝倒病菌之能力測試….......................................................... 11
4.2 胡瓜猝倒及收成量之關係.............................................................................. 11
4.3 溫度與猝倒病之關係...................................................................................... 12
4.4 穴苗根系成長之關係...................................................................................... 12
4.5 木黴菌抑制胡瓜猝倒病田間試驗.................................................................. 12
第五章、結論與建議....................................................................................................... 25
參考文獻........................................................................................................................... 26
EXTENDED ABSTRACT................................................................................................ 28

王佩瑾、黃振文。2000。香菇太空包堆肥抑制胡瓜猝倒病發生的特性。植物病理學會刊 9: 137-144。
丘麗蓉、謝建元、羅朝村。2004。環境因子對木黴菌促進作物生長之影響研究。大葉大學生物產業科技學系碩士論文。136P。
丘麗蓉、羅朝村、王鐘和。2011。木徽菌溶解礦物之能力及對蘿蔔生長與營養元素吸收之影響。臺灣農業化學與食品科學、49(6),296-306。
安寶貞。2002。植物疫病菌的診斷鑑定技術。植物重要防疫檢疫病害診斷鑑定技術研習會專刊(一):1-13。
安寶貞、劉聖心。1993。滿天星疫病。植病會刊 2:106-110。
呂理燊。1975。猝倒病和疫病菌兩屬病原菌在土壤中之生態。植保會刊 17：204-415。
吳純宜、蔡永暭。2006。有機蔬菜連作與輪作組合之研究。高雄區農業改良場研究彙報 17:42-50。
李敏郎。2000。動植物防疫檢疫局 植物保護圖鑑系列 5 :43-49。
余立文。2017。食品工業發展研究所 生物資源保存及研究簡訊第30卷3期: 4-7。
阮氏娥。2019。應用內生性細菌和真菌提高番茄在高溫和乾旱逆境下的耐受性。碩士論文。79P。
林俊義、安寶貞、張清安、羅朝村、謝廷芳。2004。(農業試驗所特刊第110號)作物病害之非農藥防治(再版)。
柯元婷。2014。覆蓋栽培介質防治小白菜立枯病之效果與機制探討。國立中興大學植物病理學系所碩士論文。45P。
倪蕙芳、許淑麗、陳瑞祥、楊宏仁。2010。台灣地區土壤中木黴菌株對植物病原真菌拮抗能力之篩選。台灣農業研究 59 (1):29-41。
徐永衡、李欣輯、黃亞雯、陳永明。2017。農業災害圖集資料庫建置。國家災害防救科技中心災害防救電子報 141。
許雅媛、楊純明。2014。淺說植物免疫系統及其在農業上之應用。技術服務 97: 24-27。
郭章信。1990。腐霉菌之病原性測定及其引起蔬菜猝倒病之生物防治。國立中興大學植物病理學研究所碩士論文。67P。
陳俊位。2017。微生物製劑在設施蔬菜栽培之應用實務。臺中區農業改良場特刊:133-168。
陳彥宇、李文汕。2010。葉菜連作後對土壤物化特性之影響。興大園藝35:77-86。
黃振文、彭玉湘。2008。有機農法的作物病害管理技術。有機作物栽培技術研討會專刊:13-24。
黃振文、謝廷芳、謝奉家、羅朝村。2019。環境友善之植醫保健秘籍。五南圖書。台灣。
劉興隆、白桂芳、于逸知。2016。無農藥殘留之設施花胡瓜病蟲害綜合管理技術。臺中區農業技術專刊195: 61-70。
劉敏莉。2018。行政院農業委員會高雄農業改良場高雄區農技報導139:7。
羅朝村。1996。生物防治在作物病害管理上的應用與發展。植物保護新科技研討會專刊:141-150。
羅朝村。2002。木黴菌與植物病害防治。作物有機栽培:77-87。
羅朝村、林益昇。1990。溫度影響 pythium aphanidermatum 及 P.spinosum 對胡瓜根部的感染。植物保護學會會刊 32:1-9。
羅朝村、謝建元。2005。菌海戰術--有益木黴菌的應用。
譚增偉、王鐘和。2000。輪作制度的起源,歷史,意義與範圍。技術服務, 44:1-3。
Benitez, T., A. M. Rincon, and A.C. Codon. 2004. Biocontrol mechanism of Trichoderma strains. Int. Microbiol. 7:249–260.
Bissett, J. 1991. A revision of the genus Trichoderma. II. Intrageneric classification. Canadian Journal of Botany 69:2357-2372.
Cheng CH, Yang CA, Liu SY,Lo CT, Huang HC, Liao FC, Peng KC. 2011. Cloning of a Novel l-Amino Acid Oxidase from Trichoderma harzianum ETS 323 and Bioactivity Analysis of Overexpressed l-Amino Acid Oxidase.J Agric Food Chem. 59(17):9142-9.
Liu SY, Lo CT, Chen C, Liu MY, Chen JH, Peng KC. 2007. Efficient isolation of anthraquinone-derivatives from Trichoderma harzianum ETS 323.J Biochem Biophys Methods. 70(3):391-5.
Liu SY, Shibu MA, Jhan HJ, Lo CT, Peng KC. 2010. Purification and characterization of novel glucanases from Trichoderma harzianum ETS 323.J Agric Food Chem.58(19):10309-14.
Lo, C. T., E. B. Nelson and G. E. Harman. 1996. Biological control ofturfgrass diseases with a rhizosphere competent strain of Trichoderma harzianum. Plant Dis. 80: 736-741.
Lin, Y. S., and Deng, T. C. 2005. Diseases of Cucurbit corps. Pages 198-206. in : Hung, B. F. (ed). Taiwan agriculture encyclopedia. Council Agr. Execut. Yuan. Taipei, ROC. 926pp.
Monte, E. (2001). Understanding Trichoderma: between biotechnology and microbial ecology. International Microbiology, 4(1), 1-4.
Shih-Bin Lin, Shan-He Chen and Kou-Cheng Peng. 2009. Preparation of antibacterial chito-oligosaccharide by altering the degree of deacetylation of β-chitosan in a Trichoderma harzianum chitinase-hydrolysing process.Journal of the science of food and agriculture.89:238–244.
Tseng SC, Liu SY, Yang HH, Lo CT, Peng KC. 2008. Proteomic study of biocontrol mechanisms of Trichoderma harzianum ETS 323 in response to Rhizoctonia solani. J Agric Food Chem. 56(16):6914-22.
Wilcox, W., Harman, G., & Di Pietro, A. (1992). Effect of gliotoxin on growth, sporulation, and zoospores motility of seven Phytophthora spp. in vitro. Phytopathology, 82, 1121.
Yang CA, Cheng CH, Lee JW, Lo CT, Liu SY, Peng KC. 2012. Monomeric L-amino acid oxidase-induced mitochondrial dysfunction in Rhizoctonia solani reveals a novel antagonistic mechanism of Trichoderma harzianum ETS 323. J Agric Food Chem, 60(10):2464-71.
Yang CA, Cheng CH, Lo CT, Liu SY, Lee JW, Peng KC. 2011. A novel L-amino acid oxidase from Trichoderma harzianum ETS 323 associated with antagonism of Rhizoctonia solani. J Agric Food Chem. 59(9):4519-26.
Yang,HH.,S.L.Yang,K.C Peng,C.T. Lo,and S.Y. Liu.2009. Induced proteome of Trichoderma harzianum by Botrytis cinerea. Mycol. Res. 113:924–932.