臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

近年來隨著城市化和工業的快速發展，隨之而來的空汙情形也越來越被受到關注，空氣品質的惡化已經嚴重影響人體的身體健康，細懸浮微粒PM2.5對於人體傷害的主要機制為刺激許多轉錄因子基因和發炎相關因子基因過度表現，導致發炎損傷，像是會使人體內活性氧(Reactive oxygen species,ROS)氧化壓力上升以及氣管和肺部細胞受損，也會造成全身性炎症，有研究指出，若長期暴露在PM2.5的環境之下，會讓氣喘、呼吸道症狀(如咳嗽)加重，更會導致肺纖維化、慢性阻塞肺病(Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease,COPD)、肺癌等疾病的發生。而如今大眾議題也越加地重視養生之道，逐漸認知身體保養重要性，而提升免疫系統更能預防環境對於人體帶來的迫害。「蜂膠」具有抗氧化、抗發炎及免疫調節的功效，被視為一個天然的保健食品。因此，本研究主要探討馬來西亞無螫蜂蜂膠、巴西綠蜂膠、台灣綠蜂膠、大陸楊樹膠四種不同膠源的蜂膠對於PM2.5誘發人類肺部支氣管上皮細胞損傷的保護能力，進而減少肺纖維化的風險；主要藉由肺部支氣管上皮細胞對於PM2.5以及不同蜂膠膠源進行細胞存活率分析、IL-8抗發炎活性分析、以及肺纖維化因子途徑活性分析。結果顯示，發現蜂膠能有效減少PM2.5對於肺部支氣管上皮細胞的損害，還能降低PM2.5所引發肺部支氣管上皮細胞發炎因子的分泌量，達到抗發炎的效用，更能有效地阻斷PM2.5促使肺纖維化因子途徑。因此，不同膠源的蜂膠皆具有保護PM2.5對於肺部支氣管上皮細胞傷害之能力。

In recent years, with the rapid development of urbanization and industry, the resulting air pollution has also attracted attention. The deterioration of air quality has seriously affected human health. The main mechanism of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) on the human health is to stimulate the excessive expression of many transcription factor genes and inflammation-related factor genes, leading to inflammation. It will increase the oxidative stress of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the human, damage the trachea and lung cells, and cause systemic inflammation. According to study, long-term exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) could aggravate asthma and respiratory symptoms (such as coughing), and even lead to pulmonary fibrosis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), lung cancer etc. Nowadays, people are beginning to pay attention to health maintenance, and gradually recognize that body maintenance is very important. Improving immunity can prevent the environment from harming the health. "Propolis" has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory activity and immunoregulation, that is regarded as a natural food. Therefore, the study is mainly to explore the protective capability of propolis from four different places against the damage of human lung bronchial epithelial cells induced by fine particulate matter (PM2.5),and to reduce the risk of fibrosis of human lung cells. The experiment mainly used human lung bronchial epithelial cells for cell viability test, Interleukin 8 (IL-8) anti-inflammatory test, and mechanisms of pulmonary fibrosis. The results showed propolis can effectively reduce the damage of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) to the lung bronchial epithelial cells, and it also can reduce the secretion of inflammatory factors to achieve anti-inflammatory effects. More it can effectively block the mechanism of pulmonary fibrosis caused by fine particulate matter (PM2.5). Therefore, different types of propolis have the ability to protect fine particulate matter (PM2.5) from harming human lung bronchial epithelial cells.

摘要...... i
Abstract........ ii
誌謝......... iii
目錄......... iv
表目錄............. vii
圖目錄.............. viii
第一章 緒論............. 1
第二章 文獻探討............ 2
2.1蜂膠之介紹............ 2
2.1.1蜂膠之種類............ 2
2.1.2蜂膠之藥理活性效用............ 3
2.2細懸浮微粒(Fine particulate matter)之介紹............ 4
2.2.1 PM2.5誘導之發炎反應............ 5
2.2.2 PM2.5誘導之肺部疾病............ 5
第三章 材料與方法............ 7
3.1蜂膠樣品製備............ 7
3.1.1蜂膠原塊萃取方法............ 7
3.2細懸浮微粒樣品製備............ 7
3.3測定蜂膠萃取物抗氧化能力分析............ 7
3.3.1蜂膠萃取物總酚類含量分析............ 7
3.3.2蜂膠萃取物類黃酮含量分析............ 8
3.3.3 HPLC分析蜂膠萃取物中槲皮素含量測定............ 8
3.4 蜂膠萃取物對於細胞存活率與抗發炎能力測定............ 8
3.4.1 樣品製備方法............ 8
3.4.2 細胞株培養之人類肺部支氣管上皮............ 9
3.4.3 Cell Counting Kit - 8細胞存活率測定............ 9
3.4.4 IL-8抗發炎活性測定............ 9
3.5 BEAS-2B細胞株蛋白質萃取與分析............ 10
3.5.1. 蛋白質樣品前處理............ 10
3.5.2. 二辛可寧酸測定法(Bicinchoninic acid method, BCA) 蛋白質含量測定............ 10
3.5.3. 十二烷基硫酸鈉聚丙烯醯胺凝膠電泳(Sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, SDS-PAGE)............ 10
3.5.4. 西方墨點法(Western blot) 分析 ZO-1, ZO-2蛋白質含量............ 11
第四章 結果與討論............ 12
4.1 蜂膠萃取率之探討............ 12
4.2蜂膠萃取物總酚類與類黃酮含量測定............ 12
4.3 HPLC分析蜂膠萃取物中槲皮素含量............ 13
4.4蜂膠萃取物對於細胞存活率與抗發炎能力測定............ 14
4.4.1 細胞存活率分析-Cell Counting Kit - 8............ 14
4.4.2 Beas-2B 細胞株發炎因子IL-8分泌含量............ 14
4.4.3 西方墨點法 (Western blot) 分析 ZO-1, ZO-2 蛋白質含量............ 15
第五章 結論............ 17
參考文獻............ 18
附錄一............ 41
附錄二............ 42
附錄三............ 43
附錄四............ 44
附錄五............ 45
附錄六............ 46
附錄七............ 47
附錄八............ 48
附錄九............ 49
附錄十............ 50
附錄十一............ 51
附錄十二............ 52
Extended Abstract............ 53

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