臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

　　隨著英國正式脫離歐盟後，英國同時脫離共同漁業政策的規範，漁權問題也在本次的談判上佔有舉足輕重的地位。共同漁業政策作為歐盟最為成功的一項政策之一，其主要目標在於漁業的永續經營和漁業貿易的公平競爭，為實現這兩大目標，歐盟對於捕撈區域的分配和捕撈量的限制有著極其嚴苛的規範。英國四面環海坐擁龐大的海洋資源，長期以來在共同漁業政策的規範下，將自身捕撈區的份額分享給歐盟的成員國，造就英國主權的被分割和剝奪感，迫使英國漁民成為脫歐的擁護者，同時英國受惠於共同市場商品自由流動的特性，得以將漁獲銷往至歐盟市場，也造就英國對於歐盟市場的依賴性。本文透過英國脫歐以及共同漁業政策的規範，分析英國脫歐後對於歐盟漁權的變革，以及對英國漁業的衝擊。

　　Common Fisheries Policy (CFP) is one of the most successful policies implemented by the European Union (EU) since its inception, with primary objectives focused on ensuring the sustainable management of fisheries and fair competition in the fishing trade. The CFP strictly regulates the allocation of fishing zones and the limits on catch quantities. The United Kingdom, surrounded by vast marine resources, has long shared its fishing zones' quotas with EU member states under the CFP, leading to feelings of fragmented and diminished sovereignty among UK citizens. This sentiment fueled the support of UK fishermen for the Brexit movement. Simultaneously, the UK benefited from the free movement of goods,people, capital, and services within the single market, allowing it to sell its fish catches to the EU market, thus creating a dependency on the EU market. With the UK's formal departure from the EU, it also exited the CFP. Consequently, the issue of fishing rights became a significant point of contention in the negotiations between the UK and the EU. This thesis studies the disputes over fishing rights in the Brexit negotiations. It first outlines the content and actual operations of the EU's CFP, then explores the controversies surrounding fishing rights that arose during the Brexit process, and finally analyzes the changes in EU fishing rights and the impact on the UK fishing industry post-Brexit. The findings reveal that the UK has always maintained a strong sense of national identity and sovereignty. The allocation of fishing maritime resources was manipulated as a political issue symbolizing the reclamation of sovereignty during the Brexit negotiations,making it a critical issue in the bilateral trade agreement talks. After mutual concessions,it was agreed that following the UK's exit from the CFP, there would be a five-and-ahalf-year transition period during which EU fishing boats would gradually reduce their current catch quotas by 25%. When the transition period ends, annual negotiations would determine the catch quotas for EU fishing boats in UK waters,while both parties would continue cooperating on sustainable fishing issues.

誌謝 I
摘要 II
Abstract III
表目錄 VII
圖目錄 VIII
第壹章 緒論 1
第一節 研究動機與目的 1
第二節 文獻回顧 5
第三節 研究方法 9
第四節 章節安排 11
第貳章《共同漁業政策》的內容與實際運作 13
第一節 漁權和主權之關係 14
第二節《共同農業政策》的發展歷程和內容 16
第三節《共同漁業政策》的運作模式 26
第四節 小結 31
第參章 英國脫歐談判中關於英歐漁權的爭議 32
第一節 英國與歐盟之歷史脈絡 32
第二節 英國脫歐的進程 37
第三節 脫歐談判中的漁權議題 43
第四節 小結 47
第肆章 英國脫歐對英歐漁權與漁業的衝擊 49
第一節 英歐貿易合作協議 49
第二節 漁權的運作 53
第三節 對英國漁業的衝擊 56
第四節 小結 64
第伍章 結論 66
第一節 研究發現 66
第二節 研究建議 68
參考文獻 69
表目錄
表1:《共同漁業政策》發展歷程 25
表2:英國脫歐的過程 42
圖目錄
圖1:英國脫歐公投分布圖 41
圖2:英國脫歐的年齡分布 44
圖3:2019年英國海鮮進出口種類 58
圖4:2022年英國海鮮進口國家 59

一、中文部分
(一) 專書
王泰銓，歐洲聯盟法總論，(台北，台灣智庫，2008 年)，頁 1-800。
鈕文英、吳裕益，單一個案研究法: 研究設計與後設分析(台灣，心理，2015 年)，頁 1-648。
(二) 期刊論文
江雅綺，「歐盟與英國達成脫歐貿易協議的未來展望與挑戰」，新世紀智庫論壇，第 93 期(2021 年 3 月)，頁 54-66。
俞寬賜，「沿海國家間的海域劃界法制之研究」，臺大法學論叢，第 29 卷第 2 期（2000 年 1 月），頁 1-41。
姜皇池，「國際海洋法新趨勢」，臺大法學論叢，第 27 卷第 1 期(1997 年 10月)，頁 25-86。
洪德欽，「英國脫歐對其多元法律體系之影響」，臺大法學論叢，第 46 卷特刊(2017 年 11 月)，頁 1017-1114。
洪德欽，「英國脫歐對歐盟之影響」，問題與研究，第 56 卷第 2 期(2017 年 6月)，頁 145-163。
洪德欽，「歐元之法律分析」，歐美研究，第 29 卷第 2 期(1999 年 6 月)，頁 171-272。
洪德欽，「歐洲央行單一匯率政策的發展與挑戰」，歐美研究，第 51 卷第 3 期(2021 年 9 月)，頁 433-494。
高全喜，「格勞秀斯與他的時代: 自然法, 海洋法權與國際法秩序」，月旦知識庫，第 22 卷第 4 期(2008 年 7 月)，頁 120-172。
張福昌，「北歐國家公投:挪威與芬蘭」，新世紀智庫論壇，第 48 期(2009 年 12月)，頁 4-14。
張福昌，「歐債危機對歐洲統合的影響」，全球政治評論，第 37 期(2012 月 1日)，頁 13-18。
陳希宜，「剖析英國脫歐及其對區域整合與發展之影響」，全球政治評論，第65 期(2019 年 1 月)，頁 81-101。
陳貞如，「歐盟對於國際海洋法秩序之影響及其實踐」，歐美研究，第 46 卷第 1期 (2016 年 3 月)，頁 97-164。
陳朝懷，「國際海洋法公約及我國領海法對軍艦通航規制之研究」，國防雜誌，第20 卷第 9 期(2005 年 9 月)，頁 17-27。
陳麗娟，「英國脫歐後歐盟與英國競爭法適用關係之變革」，華岡法粹，第 71期(2021 年 12 月)，頁 1-40。
陳麗娟，「歐盟共同漁業政策之發展與現況」，華岡法粹，第 69 期 (2020 年 12 月)，頁 1-54。
楊惟任，「全球金融危機對國際政治的啟示」，全球政治評論季刊，第 42期(2013 年 4 月)，頁 39-62。
鄒忠科，「歐盟共同漁業政策研究: 兼論其對台灣漁業政策之啟示」，歐洲國際評論，第 8 期 (2012 年 7 月)，頁 1-37。
蔡明月、李旻嬑，「臺灣社會科學引用文獻分析研究」，教育資料與圖書館學，第50 卷第 3 期，(2013 年 6 月)，頁 293-317。
衛民，「千年爭戰下的歐洲和平－“新區域主義”與“全球化”的共生」，通識研究集刊，第 11 期(2007 年 6 月)，頁 67-92。
盧倩儀，「從債務危機評述希臘民主 治理的困境」，東吳政治學報，第 35 卷第3 期(2017 年 12 月)，頁 179-260。
(三) 學位論文
邱垂泰，歐洲共同體 歐洲聯盟創設為國際法主體之研究-並論歐洲經濟整合模式(台北:國立台灣大學國家發展所博士論文，2004 年)，頁 1-203。
姚翰光，從歐洲貨幣議題探討歐盟與主權國家之間的權力關係(台北:台灣大學國家發展研究所碩士論文，2020 年)，頁 1-86。
趙德明，WTO 自由貿易架構下歐盟農業貿易之分析研究(台北:淡江大學歐洲研究所碩士論文，2008 年)，頁 1-304。
(三) 網際網路
〈英國和法國的漁業爭端:「打漁殺家」背後的英國歐盟貿易政治問題〉，BBC，2021 年 11 月 3 日，https://www.bbc.com/zhongwen/trad/world59151127。
英國/冰島三次鱈魚戰爭，http://www.mdc.idv.tw/mdc/information/codwar.htm。
俞寶生，冰島三次擊退英國人 鱈魚戰爭定下當今國家領海觀念，引自「香港01」網站，2016 年 9 月 24，https://www.hk01.com/article/44655?utm_source=01articlecopy&utm_medium=referral。
徐遵慈，〈英國脫歐對我國的經濟影響評估〉，《中華經濟研究院》，http://www.cier.edu.tw/news/detail/9003。
劉慧純，〈英國脫歐，世代斷裂與城鄉鴻溝〉，《端傳媒》，2016 年 6 月 27 日，https：//theinitium.com/article/20160627-opinion-britishandeu.
二、英文部分
(一) 專書
Holden, Mike, The Common Fisheries Policy: Origin, Evaluation and Future(Oxford,Fishing News Books ,1994).
Lado, Eernesto, The Common Fisheries Policy: The Quest for Sustainability(Hoboken, Wiley-Blackwell, 2016 ).
Leigh, Michael, European Integration and the Common Fisheries Policy(London,Croom Helm, 1994).
Solis, José, Fundamentos y Politicas de la Union Europea,(Madrid, Siglo XXI deEspaña Editores, 1998).
(二) 期刊論文
Barnes, Richard, Chris Williams and Carpenter Griffin, “The Brexit Deal and United Kingdom, Fisheries-Has Reality Matche the Rhetoric? , ”LSE,(October/2022).
Bartelings, Heleen and Z. Smeets Kristkova, “Impact of Hard Brexit on European Fisheries,” University of Wageningen,(April/2018).
Churchill, Robin,“Fisheries Management in European Union and United Kingdom Waters after Brexit: A Change for the Better?,”Ocean Yearbook,Vol 36,No.1(May/2022).
Cooke, Steven J, “Towards vibrant fish populations and sustainable fisheries that benefit all: learning from the last 30 years to inform the next 30 years,” Springer Nature,Vol33,(April/2023).
Gallic, Bertrand,Simon Mardle and Sébastien Metz,“Brexit and Fisheries: A Question of Conflicting Expectations,” EuroChoices,Vol.17,No.2(August/2018) .
Hegland, Troels Jacob and Jesper Raakjaer, “Recovery Plans and the Common Fisheries Policy - A Story of Path Dependency and Less Successful Implementation,” Fisheries Management and Coastal Community Development,No.1,(2006).
Heredia, José Manuel and Marta Pr, “The common fisheries policy: A difficult compromise between relative stability and the discard ban,”The Future of the Law of the Sea,No.2,(March/2017).
Kemp, Paul S.,“Future advances in UK marine fisheries policy: Integrated nexus management, technological advance, and shifting public opinion,”Marine Policy.
Spijkers, Jessica and Wiebren J. Boonstra, “Environmental change and social conflict:the northeast Atlantic mackerel dispute,” Springer,Vol 17, (April/2017)pp.1848-1851.Vol 147(January/2023).
(三) 網際網路
“Thames: Nigel Farage and Bob Geldof fishing flotilla clash”,BBC, 15 June 2016,https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-politics-eu-referendum-36537180
「The Cod Wars」，British Sea Fishing，https://britishseafishing.co.uk/the-cod-wars/
2004/258/EC: Decision of the European Central Bank of 4 March 2004 on public access to European Central Bank documents (ECB/2004/3) ,OJ L 80, 18.3.2004, pp. 42–44.
Agreement on the withdrawal of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland from the European Union and the European Atomic Energy Community2019/C 384 I/01﹐OJ C 384I, 12.11.2019, pp. 1–177.
Aisch, Gregor, Adam Pearce and Karl Russell (2016), “How Britain Voted in the E.U.Referendum,” The New York Times, June 24; Kelly, Jon (2016), “Brexit: How Much of a Generation Gap Is There?” BBC, June 24
BBC, “Mass die-offs among farmed salmon on the rise around the world,”8 March 2024,https://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-68502267.
BBC ， UK votes to leave the EU ， https ：//www.bbc.co.uk/news/politics/eu_referendum/results
Commission Regulation (EEC) No 3531/85 of 12 December 1985 laying down certain technical and control measures relating to the fishing activities of vessels flying the flag of Spain in the waters of the other Member States, except Portugal , OJ No L 335, 22. 12. 1984, p. 3.
Commission Regulation(EC) No852/3004.
Consolidated version of the Treaty on European Union TITLE VI - FINAL PROVISIONS Article 50﹐OJ C 202, 7.6.2016, pp. 43–44.
Council Regulation (EC) No 2371/2002 of 20 December 2002 on the conservation and sustainable exploitation of fisheries resources under the Common Fisheries Policy, OJ L 358, 31.12.2002, pp. 77–80.
Council Regulation (EEC) No 170/83 of 25 January 1983 establishing a Community system for the conservation and management of fishery resources, OJ L 24,27.1.1983,pp. 1–13.
Council Regulation (EEC) No 3760/92 of 20 December 1992 establishing a Community system for fisheries and aquaculture, L 389 , 31/12/1992 pp. 1 – 14.
Council Regulation (EEC)No 2141/70 of the Council of 20 October 1970 laying down a common structural policy for the fishing industry.
Council Regulation (EEC)No 2142/70.
Council Regulation (EU) 2015/523 of 25 March 2015 amending Regulations (EU) No 43/2014 and (EU) 2015/104 as regards certain fishing opportunities.
Directive 2008/56/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 17 June 2008 establishing a framework for community action in the field of marine environmental policy (Marine Strategy Framework Directive) (Text with EEA relevance) , OJ L 164,25.6.2008, pp. 19–40.
European Commission , “Guidance on the application of the TCA: preferential treatment and rules of origin ,”https://taxation-customs.ec.europa.eu/customs-4/international-affairs/third-countries/united-kingdom_en.
European Commission, “Common fisheries policy (CFP),” <https://oceans-andfisheries.ec.europa.eu/policy/common-fisheries-policy-cfp_en>. Accessed on March 22 ﹐2021.
European Commission, “Designated Border Control Posts(BCPs),”https://food.ec.europa.eu/animals/veterinary-border-control/designated-bordercontrol-posts-bcps_en, Accessed on April 17﹐2024.
European Commission, “Farm to Fork stratrgy,” https://food.ec.europa.eu/horizontaltopics/farm-fork-strategy_en
European Commission, Directorate-General for Maritime Affairs and Fisheries, Facts and figures on the common fisheries policy – Basic statistical data – 2022, Publications Office of the European Union,2022,https://data.europa.eu/doi/10.2771/737237.
European Commission, Fishery Statistics Data 1990-2006 (Luxembourg: Office for Official Publications of the European Communities, 2007), p.13.
European Commission, The EU-UK Trade and Cooperation Agreement,https://commission.europa.eu/strategy-and-policy/relations-non-eucountries/relations-united-kingdom/eu-uk-trade-and-cooperationagreement_en#Free_Trade_Agreement
European Commission ， EU-UK:A new relationship ， https://taxationcustoms.ec.europa.eu/united-kingdom_en
European Parliament, “The common fisheries policy:origins and development,”April,2024,https://www.europarl.europa.eu/factsheets/en/sheet/114/thecommon-fisheries-policy-origins-and-development.
GOV.UK, “Create a UK catch certificate,” Published 28 February 2019,https://www.gov.uk/guidance/create-a-uk-catch-certificate, Accessed on April 17﹐2024.
GOV.UK, “Export fish products for human consumption to China:certificate 7208,”Published 30 November 2018, https://www.gov.uk/export-healthcertificates/export-fish-products-for-human-consumption-to-china-certificate-7208.
GOV.UK, “Exporting or moving fish from the UK,” Published 31 December 2020,https://www.gov.uk/guidance/exporting-or-moving-fish-from-the-uk, Accessed on April 16﹐2024.
GOV.UK, “Fishing industry in 2019 statistics published,”Published 24 September 2020,https://www.gov.uk/government/news/fishing-industry-in-2019-statistics-published.
GOV.UK, “Import risk categories and inspection rates for animal product imports from the EU to great Britain:summary tables,”Updated 16 May 2024,https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/risk-categories-for-animal-and-animalproduct-imports-to-great-britain/target-operating-model-tom-risk-categories-foranimal-and-animal-product-imports-from-the-eu-to-great-April 16﹐2024.britain#note-1.
GOV.UK, “Reform of red diesel and other rebated fuels entitlement,”https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/reform-of-red-dieselentitlements/reform-of-red-diesel-and-other-rebated-fuels-entitlement
GOV.UK, “Travel or do business in Europe:Brexit guidance,” Published 28 March 2022,https://www.gov.uk/government/collections/brexit-guidance, Accessed on April 16﹐2024.
GOV.UK,” Introduction to rules of origin and claiming duties when trading between the UK and EU,” https://www.gov.uk/guidance/introduction-to-rules-of-origin-andclaiming-duties-when-trading-between-the-uk-and-eu, Accessed on April 15﹐2024.
HOUSE OF LORDS, “European Union Committee 8th Report of Session 2016-2017,”https://publications.parliament.uk/pa/ld201617/ldselect/ldeucom/78/78.pdf.
Regulation (EU) No 1380/2013.
Regulation (EU) No 1379/2013 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 December 2013 on the common organisation of the markets in fishery and aquaculture products, OJ L 354, 28.12.2013, pp. 1–21.
Regulation (EU) No 1379/2013 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 December 2013 on the common organisation of the markets in fishery and aquaculture products, amending Council Regulations (EC) No 1184/2006 and (EC) No 1224/2009 and repealing Council Regulation (EC) No 104/2000 ， OJ L 354,28.12.2013, pp. 1–21.
Salmon scotland, “How much Scottish salmon is exported to the rest of the world?,”https://www.salmonscotland.co.uk/facts/business-economy/how-much-scottishsalmon-is-exported.
Seafish, “Seafood trade data,” https://www.seafish.org/insight-and-research/seafoodtrade-data/#seafood-imported-to-the-uk.
See further ABPmer, EU-UK Trade and Cooperation Agreement: Thoughts on Fisheries from a UK Perspective (2021), pp. 2–5.
THE GUARDIAN,”EU referendum:poll shows young voters could hold key in June vote,” ， https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2016/apr/02/eu-referendum-youngvoters-brexit-leave