臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

預壓式滾珠螺桿因含預壓力的關係，可消除背隙使傳動時有較高的剛性，但也伴隨著鋼珠與螺桿、螺帽接觸面間接觸力較大，進入迴流元件時鋼珠與鋼珠間撞擊力也相對較大，產生噪音以及壽命等問題。
具間隔環滾珠螺桿則可利用間隔環有效地降低鋼珠之間的碰撞與噪音產生，也因間隔環表面形貌設計能有效保留潤滑脂而使潤滑達到更好的效果；本研究所使用之具間隔環滾珠螺桿本身不含預壓力的關係，傳動時鋼珠與螺桿、螺帽間具有背隙的問題，且使用間隔環可能會引發因熱變形與摩擦不均等原因，進而造成熱彈不穩定的現象導致傳動失效。希望可藉由了解此二種螺桿的傳動性能差異，可為滾珠螺桿的選用建立方向。
本研究利用垂直式滾珠螺桿試驗機進行長行程與短行程兩種類型實驗，研究滾珠螺桿在無預壓且具間隔環的條件下與含預壓但無間隔環兩種滾珠螺桿傳動時之差異，短行程實驗為750 、1500、3000 rpm三種不同轉速條件下運行6小時；長行程實驗為3000 rpm運行300公里。實驗前會先安裝加速規、應變規、扭力計以及熱像儀以便實驗時進行量測，並將量測到的數據進行不同種類的分析後，將加大滾珠預壓式滾珠螺桿與具間隔環滾珠螺桿趨勢進行比較，以利更加瞭解不含預壓具間隔環滾珠螺桿與其他預壓式滾珠螺桿傳動時性能之差異。
研究結果顯示具間隔環滾珠螺桿於高轉速傳動時，在短行程以及長行程數據的趨勢展現皆比加大滾珠預壓式螺桿優異；在低轉速扭力大的情況下時，雖能有效降低鋼珠間碰撞以及敲擊迴流道產生之振動，但因鋼珠數目進而放大背隙問題，在低轉速時有較大的鋼珠於軌道間碰撞與敲擊。
綜合研究結果建議，本研究所使用之具間隔環滾珠螺桿適合高轉速、長時間、運轉頻率快、加工尺寸與表面公差較寬裕之情況；加大滾珠預壓式滾珠螺桿則適合低轉速、短時間、運轉頻率正常、加工尺寸與表面公差較嚴謹之情況。

The preloaded ball screw, because of the existence of the preload, can eliminate the backlash and make the transmission have higher rigidity, but it is also accompanied by large contact force between the steel ball and the contact surface of the screw and nut, and the impact force between the steel ball and the steel ball is also large when entering the reflow element, and then causing problems such as noise and life.
The ball screw with spacer can effectively reduce the collision and noise between the steel balls by using the spacer. but also because the surface topography design of the spacer can effectively retain the lubrication and make the lubrication achieve a better effect; The ball screw with spacer used in this study has no preload, and the problem of backlash between the steel ball,the screw and the nut during transmission. and the use spacer may also cause problems such as deformation due to heat and uneven friction, which will cause the phenomenon of thermoelastic instability and lead to transmission failure. It is hoped that by understanding the difference in the transmission performance of the two ball screws, we can establish a direction for the selection conditions of future ball screws.
In this study, two types of experiments, long-stroke and short-stroke, were carried out uses a vertical transmission ball screw testing machine to study the difference between the ball screw transmission without preload and spacer and with preload but without spacer, the short-stroke experiment includes three different speed conditions of 750, 1500, 3000 rpm and runs for 6 hours; the long-stroke experiment is 300 kilometers at 3000 rpm, before the experiment, an accelerometer, strain gauge, torsion gauge and thermal imager will be installed for measurement during the experiment, and perform different types of analysis on the measured data, the over size ball preloaded ball screw and ball screw with spacer is compared, which is helpful to better understand the difference in performance between ball screws without preload with spacer and other preloaded ball screws.
The research results show that the data trend of the ball screw with spacer in the short stroke and long stroke is better than that of the over size ball preloaded ball screw when the ball screw is driven at high speed in the case of large torque at low speed, although it can effectively reduce the collision between the steel ball and the steel ball and the vibration generated by knocking the return channel, but the number of steel balls will further amplify the problem of backlash, and there is a large collision and impact between the steel ball and the track at low speed.
The comprehensive research results suggest that the ball screw with spacer used in this study is suitable for high speed, long time, fast operation frequency, and wide machining size and surface tolerance; the over size ball preloaded ball screw is suitable for low speed, short time, normal operating frequency, and tight machining dimensions and surface tolerances.

摘要....i
Abstract....ii
誌謝....iv
目錄....v
表目錄....vii
圖目錄....viii
第一章 緒論....1
1.1 前言....1
1.2 文獻回顧....1
1.2.1 滾珠螺桿運動學相關研究....1
1.2.2 預壓力與滾珠螺桿相關研究....2
1.2.3 滾珠螺桿潤滑相關研究....2
1.2.4 間隔環相關研究....2
1.3 研究動機與目的....3
1.4 論文架構....3
第二章 基礎理論....5
2.1 滾珠螺桿球通頻率....5
2.1.1 球通頻率....5
2.2 訊號處理方法....7
2.2.1 取樣頻率....7
2.2.2 取樣定理....7
2.2.3 混疊....7
2.2.4 數位濾波器....7
2.2.5 時域分析....9
2.2.6 頻域分析....9
2.3 數據統計方法....10
2.3.1 皮爾森積差相關係數....10
2.3.2 變異數與標準差....11
第三章 實驗設備與規劃....12
3.1 實驗流程....12
3.2 實驗設備及儀器介紹....13
3.2.1 垂直式滾珠螺桿試驗機....13
3.2.2 滾珠螺桿....14
3.2.3 加速規....15
3.2.4 應變規....16
3.2.5 扭力計....17
3.2.6 熱像儀....17
3.3 潤滑方式....18
3.3.1 潤滑脂....18
3.4 實驗步驟....19
3.4.1 實驗前置作業....19
3.4.2 實驗進行時....19
3.4.3 實驗後分析處理....20
第四章 結果與討論....22
4.1 短行程實驗比較....22
4.1.1 傳動性能....22
4.1.2 振動與特徵值分析....43
4.2 長行程實驗比較....73
4.2.1 傳動性能....73
4.2.2 振動與特徵值分析....81
第五章 結論....92
第六章 未來展望....93
參考文獻....94
Extended Abstract....96

[1]HIWIN Technology company, HIWIN Ballscrews Technical Information, Taiwan, 2015.
[2]J. Hu, M. Wang, T. Zan, 2014, “The kinematics of ball-screw mechanisms via the slide-roll ratio”, Mechanism and Machine Theory, Vol. 79, pp. 158-172, September.
[3]C.C. Wei, J.F. Lin, 2003,"Kinematic analysis of the ball screw mechanism considering variable contact angles and elastic deformations",J. Mech. Des ,ASME, 125, pp. 717-733.
[4]C.C. Wei, J.F. Lin, J.H. Horng, 2009,"Analysis of a ball screw with a preload and lubrication" ,Tribology International, Volume 42, pp. 1816-1831.
[5]C.C. Wei, J.F. Lin, J.H. Horng, 2011,”Kinematical analyses and transmission efficiency of a preloaded ball screw operating at high rotational speeds”, Mechanism and Machine Theory , Volume 46, pp. 880-898.
[6]許東皓，2017，”垂直傳動滾珠螺桿傳動與摩擦研究”，國立虎尾科技大學機械與機電工程研究所碩士論文。
[7]C. C. Wei, J. F. Lin, J. H. Horng, 2009, “Analysis of a ball screw with a preload and lubrication”, Tribology International, Vol. 42, No. 11-12, pp. 1816-1831.
[8]S. Frey, 2010,“Periodic variation of preloading in ball screws”,Production Engineering, Volume 4, pp. 261–267.
[9]P.C.Tsai, 2014,”Ball screw preload loss detection using ball pass frequency　“,Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing,Volume 48, Issues 1–2, 3 , pp. 77-91.
[10]Chang-Guang Zhou, Hu-Tian Feng, Zeng-Tao Chen, Yi Ou , 2016,”Correlation between preload and no-load drag torque of ball screws”,International Journal of Machine Tools and Manufacture,Volume 102, pp. 35-40.
[11]蔡博勝，2019，"垂直傳動滾珠螺桿傳動性能與注脂條件影響研究"國立虎尾科技大學機械與機電工程研究所碩士論文。
[12]J. Fleischer, A. Spohrer, U. Leberle, S. Dosch, 2015, “Adaptive and adequate lubrication for highest component-lifetimes in feed drive axes with ball screws”, Procedia CIRP, Volume. 29, pp. 335-340.
[13]Chang-Fu Han,He-Qing He,Chin-Chung Wei,Jeng-Haur Horng,Yueh-Lin Chiu,Yih-Chyun Hwang,Jen-Fin Lin, 2018,”Techniques developed for fault diagnosis of long-range running ball screw drive machine to evaluate lubrication condition”, Measurement,Volume 126, pp. 274-288.
[14]Chang-Fu Han, Chang-Shuo Chang, Cheng-Jyun Wu,Hsiao-Yeh Chu, Jeng-Haur Horng,Chin-Chung Wei,Jen-Fin Lin, 2020,”Determinations of thermoelastic instability for ball-bearing-like specimens with spacers and in grease lubrications”,Tribology International,Volume 151, 106415.
[15]蘇栢賢，2005，"滾珠導螺桿振動噪音之研究"，國立清華大學動力機械工程學系固體力學組碩士論文。
[16]碩凱機械有限公司，高速鑽孔公牙機。
[17]AKIRA-SEIKI PERCISION CNC MACHINE TOOLS，CNC高速鑽孔公牙加工機。
[18]魏進忠，2003，”單螺帽雙圈滾珠螺桿在預負荷及潤滑作用條件下運動機制與機械性能的理論分析及實驗印證”，國立成功大學機械工程學系博士論文。
[19]許晉祿，2017，”應用類神經網路於滾珠螺桿狀態診斷”，國立虎尾科技大學機械與機電工程研究所碩士論文。
[20]謝東益，2016，“超寬截止頻帶低通濾波器與寬頻帶通濾波器設計”，國立中正大學電機工程研究所碩士論文。
[21]林建發，2016，“基於遞移皮爾森積差相關係數粒子群優演算法應用於高光譜影像降維”，國立臺北科技大學電機工程系碩士論文。
[22]Dominic Edelmann, Tamás F.Móri,Gábor J.Székely,2021,“On relationships between the Pearson and the distance correlation coefficients”, Statistics & Probability Letters, Volume 169, February, 108960
[23]林惠玲，陳正倉，2000，統計學-方法與應用(上冊)，雙葉書廊有限公司，臺北。
[24]屈佑，2021，”單螺帽加大滾珠域壓滾珠螺桿垂直傳動之螺感熱膨脹有限元素分析與實驗驗證＂，國立虎尾科技大學機械與機電工程研究所碩士論文。