臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本論文提出應用於燃料電池與鋰電池之混合動力系統，主要是針對燃料電池與鋰電池所組成之多電源電力系統規格和應用情境進行雙向供電轉換器模組設計，並且以CAN為通訊界面與控制器連結，進行HIL模擬測試，達到電力輸出和流向主動控制功能。
目前常見的大功率燃料電池系統，為了因應燃料電池本身輸出電壓範圍較寬，及後端負載需求的電壓範圍，以交錯式升壓型轉換器實現其升壓的動作。鋰電池則以雙向降/升壓型轉換器配合燃料電池於不同工作條件下，利用降壓型轉換器，進行降壓充電或以升壓型轉換器放電至負載的雙向控制機制。分配功率模式，則利用CAN通訊界面傳送命令至雙向可控電力轉換架構中，使燃料電池與鋰電池可以分配其功率的運用比例。提出不需額外回授之固定正工作週期比例同步整流機制，以增加雙向電力模組效率。
雙向電力模組的工作模式有以下3種狀態: 鋰電池充電模式、鋰電池放電模式及分配功率模式。電力架構為以5kW的燃料電池、1.92kW的鋰電池與4.6kW的負載系統組成。
經過測試，交錯式升壓型轉換器於負載4.6kW時，效率為94%；雙向可控電力模組，以升壓模式用於負載1.7kW時，效率為98%，以降壓模式用於負載750W時，效率為96%，最後針對系統控制策略進行驗證，確認其可行性。

This thesis proposes the application of a hybrid system combining a fuel cell and a lithium battery. Based on the specifications and application scenarios of this multi-power system, a bi-directional power supply converter module is designed. The CAN bus is utilized as the communication interface to connect with the controller for HIL simulation tests, enabling active control of power output and flow direction.
To accommodate the wide output voltage range of the fuel cell and the voltage range required by the downstream load, an interleaved boost converter is employed for the step-up function. For the lithium batteries, a bi-directional buck/boost converter operates alongside the fuel cell under various conditions. This converter functions as a buck converter for step-down charging or as a boost converter for discharging to the load.
In the power distribution mode, a CAN communication interface transmits commands to the bi-directional controllable power conversion architecture, enabling the fuel cell and lithium battery to manage their power utilization ratios. To enhance the efficiency of the bi-directional power modules, a proportional synchronous rectification mechanism with a fixed positive duty cycle and no additional feedback is proposed.
The bi-directional power module supports three operational modes: lithium battery charging, lithium battery discharging, and power distribution. The system's power structure includes a 5 kW fuel cell, a 1.92 kW lithium-ion battery, and a 4.6 kW load system.
The interleaved boost converter has demonstrated an efficiency of 94% at a 4.6 kW load. The bi-directional controllable power module achieves an efficiency of 98% in boost mode at a 1.7 kW load and 96% in buck mode at a 750 W load.

摘要……i
Abstract……ii
誌謝……iii
目錄……iv
表目錄……vi
圖目錄……vii
第一章 緒論……1
1.1 研究目的與動機……1
1.2 文獻回顧……2
1.3 論文架構……4
第二章 系統架構與控制策略……5
2.1 系統架構……5
2.2 直流轉換器選擇……6
2.3 降壓型轉換器動作原理……9
2.4 升壓型轉換器動作原理……11
2.4.1 兩相交錯式升壓型轉換器……13
2.5 雙向降/升壓型轉換器動作原理……14
2.6 系統控制策略……15
第三章 系統架構硬體設計……17
3.1 功率電感元件……18
3.2 功率開關與驅動電路……22
3.3 二極體元件……23
3.4 電壓/電流回授電路……23
3.4.1 電流回授電路……23
3.4.2 電壓回授電路……24
3.4.3 電壓箝位電路……25
3.5 CAN通訊電路……26
第四章 韌體架構與控制流程……27
4.1 微處理器介紹……27
4.2 程式控制流程……29
4.3 主程式流程……29
4.4 中斷流程……29
4.4.1 兩相交錯式升壓型轉換器中斷流程……30
4.4.2 雙向降/升壓型轉換器中斷流程……30
4.5 雙向降/升壓型轉換器降壓模式……31
4.6 雙向降/升壓型轉換器升壓模式……32
4.7 緩啟動程式……33
4.8 雙向降/升壓型轉換器固定正工作週期比例同步整流控制……34
4.9 CAN通訊……38
第五章 實驗結果……40
5.1 兩相交錯式升壓型轉換器測試……42
5.1.1 交錯式電路測試……42
5.1.2 負載4.6kW實驗結果……44
5.2 雙向降/升壓型轉換器測試……45
5.2.1 同步整流驗證……45
5.2.2 升壓模式及基於CAN指令之電流控制測試……46
5.3 系統控制策略驗證……48
5.3.1 模式一、燃料電池對鋰電池充電……48
5.3.2 模式二、鋰電池單獨供應負載……49
5.3.3 模式三、功率分配測試……51
5.4 CAN通訊與LabVIEW介面……53
第六章 結論與未來研究方向……55
6.1 結論……55
6.2 未來研究方向……55
參考文獻……56
Extended Abstract……58
I. Background/ Objectives and Goals……59
II. System Architecture……59
III. System Control Strategy……60
IV. Experimental Results & Conclusion……61

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