臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

甲醛是一種人類致癌物。國內大多數研究集中在室內甲醛危害上，很少討論大氣甲醛的污染和來源。大氣中甲醛的來源主要包括工業廢氣和交通排放的主要來源和光化學反應產生的次要來源。本研究於2020年對林園工業區的甲醛等空氣污染物進行測量，並利用Pearson相關分析探討了甲醛與其他空氣污染物之間的關係。結果顯示，甲醛和臭氧在晝夜與季節等不同條件下，具有統計學上的顯著相關性，而甲醛與氮氧化物、二氧化硫和一氧化碳之間的相關性相對較低。多元回歸分析結果顯示，臭氧對甲醛的產生有顯著影響，其他氣體（氮氧化物、二氧化硫和一氧化碳）對甲醛的產生影響較小，這意味著甲醛的主要來源是光化學反應造成的二次污染。雖然以光化學反應為主的污染在所難免，但限製石化行業揮發性有機物的排放總量將是林園工業區降低空氣甲醛的重要控制措施。

Formaldehyde is a human carcinogen. Most researches focus on indoor formaldehyde hazards and seldom discusses the pollution and sources of atmospheric formaldehyde. The sources of formaldehyde in the atmosphere mainly include the primary sources of industrial waste gas and traffic emissions and the secondary sources produced by photochemical reactions. In this study, we measured formaldehyde and other air pollutants in the Linyuan Industrial Park in 2020 and used Pearson correlation analysis to explore the relationship between formaldehyde and other air pollutants. The results show that formaldehyde and ozone have statistically significant correlations under different conditions. In contrast, the correlation between formaldehyde and nitrogen oxides, sulfur dioxide, and carbon monoxide is relatively low. The results of multiple regression analysis show that ozone has a significant impact on the production of formaldehyde and other gases (nitrogen oxides, sulfur dioxide, and carbon monoxide) contribute less significant impact to the production of formaldehyde, which means that the main source of formaldehyde in the Linyuan Industrial Park is secondary pollution caused by photochemical reactions. Although pollution dominated by photochemical reactions is unavoidable, restricting the total emissions of volatile organic compounds from the petrochemical industry will be an important control for reducing air formaldehyde in the Linyuan Industrial Park.

摘要 i
ABSTRACT ii
致謝 iii
目錄 iv
圖目錄 vii
表目錄 ix
第壹章 緒論 1
1-1研究緣起 1
1-2研究動機與目的 3
第貳章 文獻回顧 4
2-1甲醛（HCHO） 4
2-1-1甲醛的來源 4
2-1-2甲醛對人體之危害 8
2-2臭氧（O3） 11
2-2-1臭氧的來源 11
2-2-2臭氧對環境與人體之危害 12
2-3氮氧化物（NOX） 14
2-3-1氮氧化物的來源 14
2-3-2氮氧化物對環境與人體之危害 16
2-4二氧化硫（SO2） 17
2-4-1二氧化硫的來源 17
2-4-2二氧化硫對環境與人體之危害 18
2-5一氧化碳（CO） 19
2-5-1一氧化碳的來源 19
2-5-2一氧化碳對環境與人體之危害 20
2-6國內外相關文獻 21
第參章 研究方法與實驗設備 24
3-1實驗設計 24
3-1-1採樣地點規劃 24
3-1-2採樣時間規劃 24
3-2實驗設備介紹 28
3-3 採樣與分析方法 31
3-4甲醛來源解析 32
3-4-1皮爾森相關分析（Pearson Correlation） 32
3-4-2多元回歸分析（Multiple regression analysis） 33
第肆章 結果與討論 34
4-1污染物四季的監測濃度 34
4-1-1冬季污染物濃度 34
4-1-2春季污染物濃度 41
4-1-3夏季污染物濃度 48
4-1-4秋季污染物濃度 55
4-1-5四季污染物濃度時間序 62
4-1-6林園工業區污染來源探討 65
4-2皮爾森相關分析（Pearson Correlation） 68
4-2-1晝夜的相關性分析 70
4-2-2乾濕季的相關性分析 72
4-2-3採樣地點的相關性分析 74
4-3多元回歸分析（Multiple regression analysis） 76
4-4討論 79
第伍章 結論與建議 81
5-1結論 81
5-2建議 83
參考資料 84
附錄A 102
附錄B 112
附錄C 122
附錄D 140


圖目錄
圖1 1 環境識覺關係 2
圖2 1甲醛的來源 7
圖2 2（a）美國（b）歐洲氮氧化物排放來源 15
圖2 3酸雨的形成 16
圖3 1採樣地點 25
圖3 2五塊厝-東隆宮 26
圖3 3中芸國小 27
圖3 4甲醛採樣設備 28
圖3 5動態稀釋器 30
圖3 6污染物監測儀 30
圖4 1 Jan.6五塊厝東隆宮風玫圖 36
圖4 2 Jan.6日照時數 37
圖4 3 Jan.6大氣壓力 37
圖4 4 Jan.7中芸國小風玫圖 39
圖4 5 Jan.7日照 40
圖4 6 Jan.7大氣壓力 40
圖4 7 Apr.6五塊厝東隆宮風玫圖 43
圖4 8 Apr.6日照時數 44
圖4 9 Apr.6大氣壓力 44
圖4 10 Apr.7中芸國小風玫圖 46
圖4 11 Apr.7日照時數 47
圖4 12 Apr.7大氣壓力 47
圖4 13 Jul.6五塊厝東隆宮風玫圖 50
圖4 14 Jul.6日照時數 51
圖4 15 Jul.6大氣壓力 51
圖4 16 Jul.7中芸國小風玫圖 53
圖4 17 Jul.7日照時數 54
圖4 18 Jul.7大氣壓力 54
圖4 19 Oct.12五塊厝東隆宮風玫圖 57
圖4 20 Oct.12日照時數 58
圖4 21 Oct.12大氣壓力 58
圖4 22 Oct.13中芸國小風玫圖 60
圖4 23 Oct.13日照時數 61
圖4 24 Oct.13大氣壓力 61
圖4 25 污染物之時間序 64
圖4 26高雄日間風向 67
圖4 27高雄夜間風向 67

表目錄
表2 1不同污染源之醛酮類濃度 6
表2 2甲醛的致癌風險評估 9
表2 3 IRIS(USEPA)甲醛暴露濃度與人體健康影響 9
表2 4不同暴露方式之甲醛對人體及毒性影響 10
表4 1 Jan.6五塊厝東隆宮污染物濃度 35
表4 2 Jan.6五塊厝東隆宮氣象資料 36
表4 3 Jan.7中芸國小污染物濃度 38
表4 4 Jan.7中芸國小氣象資料 39
表4 5 Apr.6五塊厝東隆宮污染物濃度 42
表4 6 Apr.6五塊厝東隆宮氣象資料 43
表4 7 Apr.7中芸國小污染物濃度 45
表4 8 Apr.7中芸國小氣象資料 46
表4 9 Jul.6五塊厝東隆宮污染物濃度 49
表4 10 Jul.6五塊厝東隆宮氣象資料 50
表4 11 Jul.7中芸國小污染物濃度 52
表4 12 Jul.7中芸國小氣象資料 53
表4 13 Oct.12五塊厝東隆宮污染物濃度 56
表4 14 Oct.12五塊厝東隆宮氣象資料 57
表4 15 Oct.13中芸國小污染物濃度 59
表4 16 Oct.13中芸國小氣象資料 60
表4 17 污染物平均值 66
表4 18 氣象狀態平均值 66
表4 19 污染物相關性矩陣 69
表4 20 晝夜的相關性矩陣 71
表4 21 乾季的相關性矩陣 73
表4 22 濕季的相關性矩陣 73
表4 23 五塊厝東隆宮（A）和中芸國小（B）的相關性矩陣 75
表4 24多元回歸分析結果 78
表4 25各國甲醛濃度之比較 80

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