臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本研究探討經過高靜水壓加工技術處理蜂蜜樣品後，蜂蜜的總酚、類黃酮含量及抗氧化能力等對人體有效益的成分有所提升。以高靜水壓技術處理後的蜂蜜進行物理化學特性分析、抗氧化能力分析、抗菌活性及抗癌活性。結果表明蜂蜜的總酚及類黃酮等抗氧化成分隨高靜水壓的壓力時間增加，龍眼蜜(812.22±19.25μg of GAE/g、353.15±11.56μg of QEAC/g)及無螫蜂蜜(1206.67±33.33μg of GAE/g、421.67±14.70μg of QEAC/g)的總酚及類黃酮含量均以300MPa高壓5分鐘效果最好，咸豐草蜜(795.56±41.94μg of GAE/g、192.04±8.49μg of QEAC/g)的總酚及類黃酮含量以600MPa高壓5分鐘效果最好。三種蜂蜜樣品的抗氧化能力均隨高靜水壓的壓力時間增加。經過高靜水壓處理過後抗菌能力也有明顯的上升，三種蜂蜜樣品對多重抗藥性大腸桿菌的效果最好，龍眼蜜(37.83±0.76mm)及咸豐草蜜(33.23±0.68mm)以600MPa高壓20分鐘的效果最好，無螫蜂蜜(41.00±0.10mm)以600MPa高壓20分鐘的效果最好。經高靜水壓技術處理的蜂蜜能有效地殺死癌細胞，提升抗癌活性，龍眼蜜(24.56±3.82%)及咸豐草蜜(53.73±9.51%)以600MPa高壓5分鐘的抗癌效果最好；無螫蜂蜜(23.81±2.65%)以300MPa高壓5分鐘的抗癌效果最好。

This study investigates the enhancement of beneficial components such as total phenolics, flavonoids, and antioxidant capacity in honey samples treated with high hydrostatic pressure technology.The results showed that the total phenolic and flavonoid contents, as well as antioxidant components, increased with the pressure and duration of HHP treatment.For Longan honey, the best results were obtained at 300 MPa for 5 minutes, with total phenolic content of 812.22±19.25 μg GAE/g and flavonoid content of 353.15±11.56 μg QEAC/g. For Melipona honey, the best results were also at 300 MPa for 5 minutes, with total phenolic content of 1206.67±33.33 μg GAE/g and flavonoid content of 421.67±14.70 μg QEAC/g.For Bidens pilosa honey, the best results were at 600 MPa for 5 minutes, with total phenolic content of 795.56±41.94 μg GAE/g and flavonoid content of 192.04±8.49 μg QEAC/g.The antioxidant capacity of the three honey samples increased with the pressure and duration of HHP treatment. After HHP treatment, the antibacterial capacity also showed significant improvement, with the best effects against multi-drug resistant Escherichia coli. Longan honey and Bidens pilosa honey showed the best results at 600 MPa for 20 minutes, with inhibition zones of 37.83±0.76 mm and 33.23±0.68 mm, respectively. Melipona honey showed the best result at 600 MPa for 20 minutes, with an inhibition zone of 41.00±0.10 mm.The honey samples treated with HHP effectively killed cancer cells and enhanced anticancer activity. Longan honey and Bidens pilosa honey showed the best anticancer effects at 600 MPa for 5 minutes, with inhibition rates of 24.56±3.82% and 53.73±9.51%, respectively. Melipona honey showed the best anticancer effect at 300 MPa for 5 minutes, with an inhibition rate of 23.81±2.65%.These results indicate that HHP technology can significantly enhance the bioactive components in honey, thereby increasing its antioxidant, antibacterial, and anticancer benefits.

摘要......i
Abstract......ii
誌謝......iii
目錄......iv-vi
表目錄......vii
圖目錄......viii
第一章 緒論......1
第二章 文獻探討......2
2.1 蜜蜂......2
2.1.1 蜜蜂的發育過程......2-3
2.1.2 蜜蜂的經濟價值......3
2.1.3 臺灣的蜜源植物......4
2.2 蜂蜜......4
2.2.1 蜂蜜生產流程......5
2.2.2 蜂蜜的收集及儲存......5
2.2.3 蜂蜜成分組成......5-6
2.2.4 蜂蜜種類......6
2.2.5 蜂蜜國家標準......6
2.2.6 蜂蜜功效......6-8
2.3 高靜水壓技術......8-9
2.3.1 高靜水壓技術原理、設備及製程機制......9-10
2.3.2 高靜水壓技術使用包材......10
2.3.3 高靜水壓技術對蜂蜜的效益......10
第三章 材料與方法......11
3.1 實驗架構......11
3.2 研究材料-蜂蜜樣品......12
3.2.1 蜂蜜樣品......12
3.2.2 樣品前處理......12
3.3 蜂蜜理化特性分析......12
3.3.1 水分糖度......12
3.3.2 酸價......12
3.3.3 黏度......13
3.3.4 羥甲基糠醛含量......13
3.3.5 水溶性蛋白質含量......13
3.3.6總酚類含量......14
3.3.7 類黃酮含量......14
3.4 蜂蜜抗氧化能力分析......14
3.4.1 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl自由基清除能力分析......14
3.4.2 還原力分析......15
3.4.3 Ferric ion reducing antioxidant power分析......15
3.5 抗菌活性測定......15
3.5.1 試驗之菌株活化......15-16
3.5.2 菌株培養......16
3.5.3 抑菌圖譜測定......16
3.6 抗癌活性分析......16
3.6.1 人類結腸癌細胞株培養......16
3.6.2 CCK8細胞存活率測定......17
3.7 統計分析......17
第四章 結果......18
4.1 蜂蜜理化特性分析......18-19
4.2 水溶性蛋白質含量分析......19
4.3 總酚類與類黃酮含量分析......19-20
4.4 蜂蜜抗氧化能力分析......20-21
4.5 抗菌活性測定......21-22
4.6. 抗癌活性分析......22
第五章 討論......23-24
第六章 結論......25
參考文獻......26-38
附錄一......59
附錄二......60
附錄三......61
附錄四......62
附錄五......63
附錄六......64
附錄七......65
附錄八......66
附錄九......67
附錄十......68
附錄十一......69
附錄十二......70
附錄十三......71
附錄十四......72
英文大綱......73-78

[1]Abdelhafiz, A. T., & Muhamad, J. A. (2008). Midcycle pericoital intravaginal bee honey and royal jelly for male factor infertility. Int J Gynaecol Obstet, 101(2), 146-149. doi:10.1016/j.ijgo.2007.11.012
[2]Ajibola, A. (2015). Novel Insights into the Health Importance of Natural Honey. Malays J Med Sci, 22(5), 7-22.
[3]Akan, Z., & i Garip, A. (2011). Protective role of quercetin: antioxidants may protect cancer cells from apoptosis and enhance cell durability.
[4]Akhmazillah Fauzi, N., & Mehdi Farid, M. (2017). High Pressure Processed Manuka Honey: Change in Nutritional and Rheological Properties over 1-Year Storage. Journal of Food Processing and Preservation, 41(4), e13085. doi:https://doi.org/10.1111/jfpp.13085
[5]Akhmazillah, M. F. N., Farid, M. M., & Silva, F. V. M. (2013). High pressure processing (HPP) of honey for the improvement of nutritional value. Innovative Food Science & Emerging Technologies, 20, 59-63. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ifset.2013.06.012
[6]Al-Farsi, M., Al-Amri, A., Al-Hadhrami, A., & Al-Belushi, S. (2018). Color, flavonoids, phenolics and antioxidants of Omani honey. Heliyon, 4(10), e00874. doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2018.e00874
[7]Al-Habsi, N. A., & Niranjan, K. (2012). Effect of high hydrostatic pressure on antimicrobial activity and quality of Manuka honey. Food Chem, 135(3), 1448-1454. doi:10.1016/j.foodchem.2012.06.012
[8]Al-Waili, N. (2003). Intrapulmonary administration of natural honey solution, hyperosmolar dextrose or hypoosmolar distill water to normal individuals and to patients with type-2 diabetes mellitus or hypertension: their effects on blood glucose level, plasma insulin and C-peptide, blood pressure and peaked expiratory flow rate. Eur J Med Res, 8(7), 295-303.
[9]Algethami, J. S., El-Wahed, A. A. A., Elashal, M. H., Ahmed, H. R., Elshafiey, E. H., Omar, E. M., . . . El-Seedi, H. R. (2022). Bee Pollen: Clinical Trials and Patent Applications. Nutrients, 14(14). doi:10.3390/nu14142858
[10]Aliyu, M., Ibrahim, S., Inuwa, H. M., Sallau, A. B., Abbas, O., Aimola, I. A., . . . Uche, N. S. (2013). Ameliorative Effects of Acacia Honey against Sodium Arsenite-Induced Oxidative Stress in Some Viscera of Male Wistar Albino Rats. Biochem Res Int, 2013, 502438. doi:10.1155/2013/502438

[11]Alvarez-Suarez, J. M., Giampieri, F., González-Paramás, A. M., Damiani, E., Astolfi, P., Martinez-Sanchez, G., . . . Battino, M. (2012). Phenolics from monofloral honeys protect human erythrocyte membranes against oxidative damage. Food Chem Toxicol, 50(5), 1508-1516. doi:10.1016/j.fct.2012.01.042
[12]Alvarez-Suarez, J. M., Tulipani, S., Díaz, D., Estevez, Y., Romandini, S., Giampieri, F., . . . Battino, M. (2010). Antioxidant and antimicrobial capacity of several monofloral Cuban honeys and their correlation with color, polyphenol content and other chemical compounds. Food Chem Toxicol, 48(8-9), 2490-2499. doi:10.1016/j.fct.2010.06.021
[13]Anand, S., Pang, E., Livanos, G., & Mantri, N. (2018). Characterization of Physico-Chemical Properties and Antioxidant Capacities of Bioactive Honey Produced from Australian Grown Agastache rugosa and its Correlation with Colour and Poly-Phenol Content. Molecules, 23(1). doi:10.3390/molecules23010108
[14]Attia, Y. A., Al-Hanoun, A., & Bovera, F. (2011). Effect of different levels of bee pollen on performance and blood profile of New Zealand White bucks and growth performance of their offspring during summer and winter months. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl), 95(1), 17-26. doi:10.1111/j.1439-0396.2009.00967.x
[15]Balasubramaniam, V., Barbosa-Cánovas, G. V., & Lelieveld, H. (2016). High pressure processing of food: Principles, technology and applications: Springer.
[16]Balasubramaniam, V. M., Martínez-Monteagudo, S. I., & Gupta, R. (2015). Principles and application of high pressure-based technologies in the food industry. Annu Rev Food Sci Technol, 6, 435-462. doi:10.1146/annurev-food-022814-015539
[17]Balasubramanian, S., & Balasubramaniam, V. (2003). Compression heating influence of pressure transmitting fluids on bacteria inactivation during high pressure processing. Food Research International, 36(7), 661-668.
[18]Bang, L. M., Buntting, C., & Molan, P. (2003). The effect of dilution on the rate of hydrogen peroxide production in honey and its implications for wound healing. J Altern Complement Med, 9(2), 267-273. doi:10.1089/10755530360623383
[19]. Bee Products: Beeswax, Bee Pollen, Propolis. (2012). In LiverTox: Clinical and Research Information on Drug-Induced Liver Injury. Bethesda (MD): National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and
Kidney Diseases.
[20]Berenbaum, M. R., & Calla, B. (2021). Honey as a Functional Food for Apis mellifera. Annu Rev Entomol, 66, 185-208. doi:10.1146/annurev-ento-040320-074933
[21]Blair, S. E., Cokcetin, N. N., Harry, E. J., & Carter, D. A. (2009). The unusual antibacterial activity of medical-grade Leptospermum honey: antibacterial spectrum, resistance and transcriptome analysis. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis, 28(10), 1199-1208. doi:10.1007/s10096-009-0763-z
[22]Bogdanov, S., Jurendic, T., Sieber, R., & Gallmann, P. (2008). Honey for nutrition and health: a review. J Am Coll Nutr, 27(6), 677-689. doi:10.1080/07315724.2008.10719745
[23]Bordukalo-Niksic, T., Mokrovic, G., Stefulj, J., Zivin, M., Jernej, B., & Cicin-Sain, L. (2010). 5HT-1A receptors and anxiety-like behaviours: studies in rats with constitutionally upregulated/downregulated serotonin transporter. Behav Brain Res, 213(2), 238-245. doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2010.05.002
[24]Brady, N., Molan, P., & Bang, L. (2004). A survey of non-manuka New Zealand honeys for antibacterial and antifungal activities. Journal of apicultural research, 43(2), 47-52.
[25]Brudzynski, K., & Sjaarda, C. (2014). Antibacterial compounds of Canadian honeys target bacterial cell wall inducing phenotype changes, growth inhibition and cell lysis that resemble action of β-lactam antibiotics. PLoS One, 9(9), e106967. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0106967
[26]Bucekova, M., Buriova, M., Pekarik, L., Majtan, V., & Majtan, J. (2018). Phytochemicals-mediated production of hydrogen peroxide is crucial for high antibacterial activity of honeydew honey. Sci Rep, 8(1), 9061. doi:10.1038/s41598-018-27449-3
[27]Buttstedt, A., Moritz, R. F., & Erler, S. (2013). More than royal food - Major royal jelly protein genes in sexuals and workers of the honeybee Apis mellifera. Front Zool, 10(1), 72. doi:10.1186/1742-9994-10-72
[28]Chaikham, P., & Prangthip, P. (2015). Alteration of antioxidative properties of longan flower-honey after high pressure, ultra-sonic and thermal processing. Food Bioscience, 10, 1-7. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fbio.2015.01.002
[29]Chang, A. B., & Widdicombe, J. G. (2007). Cough throughout life: children, adults and the senile. Pulm Pharmacol Ther, 20(4), 371-382.
doi:10.1016/j.pupt.2006.10.004
[30]Cohen, H. A., Rozen, J., Kristal, H., Laks, Y., Berkovitch, M., Uziel, Y., . . . Efrat, H. (2012). Effect of honey on nocturnal cough and sleep quality: a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study. Pediatrics, 130(3), 465-471. doi:10.1542/peds.2011-3075
[31]Cooper, R. A., Halas, E., & Molan, P. C. (2002). The efficacy of honey in inhibiting strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa from infected burns. J Burn Care Rehabil, 23(6), 366-370. doi:10.1097/00004630-200211000-00002
[32]Cooper, R. A., Molan, P. C., & Harding, K. G. (2002). The sensitivity to honey of Gram-positive cocci of clinical significance isolated from wounds. J Appl Microbiol, 93(5), 857-863. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2672.2002.01761.x
[33]Denisow, B., & Denisow-Pietrzyk, M. (2016). Biological and therapeutic properties of bee pollen: a review. J Sci Food Agric, 96(13), 4303-4309. doi:10.1002/jsfa.7729
[34]Evrendilek, G. A. (2018). Effects of high pressure processing on bioavaliability of food components. J. Nutr. Food Sci, 8(2).
[35]Eyer, M., Neumann, P., & Dietemann, V. (2016). A Look into the Cell: Honey Storage in Honey Bees, Apis mellifera. PLoS One, 11(8), e0161059. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0161059
[36]Fakhrildin, M. B., & Alsaadi, R. A. (2014). Honey Supplementation to Semen-Freezing Medium ImprovesHuman Sperm Parameters Post-Thawing. J Family Reprod Health, 8(1), 27-31.
[37]Fratellone, P. M., Tsimis, F., & Fratellone, G. (2016). Apitherapy Products for Medicinal Use. J Altern Complement Med, 22(12), 1020-1022. doi:10.1089/acm.2015.0346
[38]French, V. M., Cooper, R. A., & Molan, P. C. (2005). The antibacterial activity of honey against coagulase-negative staphylococci. J Antimicrob Chemother, 56(1), 228-231. doi:10.1093/jac/dki193
[39]Gül, A., & Pehlivan, T. (2018). Antioxidant activities of some monofloral honey types produced across Turkey. Saudi J Biol Sci, 25(6), 1056-1065. doi:10.1016/j.sjbs.2018.02.011
[40]Galotto, M. J., Ulloa, P. A., Guarda, A., Gavara, R., & Miltz, J. (2009). Effect of high-pressure food processing on the physical properties of synthetic and biopolymer films. J Food Sci, 74(6), E304-311. doi:10.1111/j.1750-3841.2009.01212.x
[41]Goharshenasan, P., Amini, S., Atria, A., Abtahi, H., & Khorasani, G.
(2016). Topical Application of Honey on Surgical Wounds: A Randomized Clinical Trial. Forsch Komplementmed, 23(1), 12-15. doi:10.1159/000441994
[42]Govaris, A., & Pexara, A. (2021). Inactivation of Foodborne Viruses by High-Pressure Processing (HPP). Foods, 10(2). doi:10.3390/foods10020215
[43]Grainger, M. N. C., Manley-Harris, M., Fauzi, N. A. M., & Farid, M. M. (2014). Effect of high pressure processing on the conversion of dihydroxyacetone to methylglyoxal in New Zealand mānuka (Leptospermum scoparium) honey and models thereof. Food Chemistry, 153, 134-139. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2013.12.017
[44]Holubová, A., Chlupáčová, L., Krocová, J., Cetlová, L., Peters, L. J. F., Cremers, N. A. J., & Pokorná, A. (2023). The Use of Medical Grade Honey on Infected Chronic Diabetic Foot Ulcers-A Prospective Case-Control Study. Antibiotics (Basel), 12(9). doi:10.3390/antibiotics12091364
[45]Hopf, A. L., & Kalmenoff, M. (1979). Animals that Eat Nectar and Honey: Holiday House.
[46]Hoque, M., McDonagh, C., Tiwari, B. K., Kerry, J. P., & Pathania, S. (2022). Effect of High-Pressure Processing on the Packaging Properties of Biopolymer-Based Films: A Review. Polymers (Basel), 14(15). doi:10.3390/polym14153009
[47]Hossen, M. S., Ali, M. Y., Jahurul, M. H. A., Abdel-Daim, M. M., Gan, S. H., & Khalil, M. I. (2017). Beneficial roles of honey polyphenols against some human degenerative diseases: A review. Pharmacol Rep, 69(6), 1194-1205. doi:10.1016/j.pharep.2017.07.002
[48]Hristov, P., Shumkova, R., Palova, N., & Neov, B. (2020). Factors Associated with Honey Bee Colony Losses: A Mini-Review. Vet Sci, 7(4). doi:10.3390/vetsci7040166
[49]Huang, H. W., Hsu, C. P., & Wang, C. Y. (2020). Healthy expectations of high hydrostatic pressure treatment in food processing industry. J Food Drug Anal, 28(1), 1-13. doi:10.1016/j.jfda.2019.10.002
[50]Irish, J., Blair, S., & Carter, D. A. (2011). The antibacterial activity of honey derived from Australian flora. PLoS One, 6(3), e18229. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0018229
[51]Ismail, Z. B., Alshehabat, M. A., Hananeh, W., Daradka, M., Ali, J. f. H., & El-Najjar, E. K. (2015). Recent advances in topical wound healing
products with special reference to honey: a review. Research Opinions in Animal and Veterinary Sciences, 5(2), 76-83.
[52]Jaganathan, S. K., & Mandal, M. (2009). Antiproliferative effects of honey and of its polyphenols: a review. J Biomed Biotechnol, 2009, 830616. doi:10.1155/2009/830616
[53]Jenkins, D. J., Kendall, C. W., Augustin, L. S., Franceschi, S., Hamidi, M., Marchie, A., . . . Axelsen, M. (2002). Glycemic index: overview of implications in health and disease. Am J Clin Nutr, 76(1), 266s-273s. doi:10.1093/ajcn/76/1.266S
[54]Jin, X., Su, R., Li, R., Cheng, L., & Li, Z. (2018). Crucial role of pro-inflammatory cytokines from respiratory tract upon PM(2.5) exposure in causing the BMSCs differentiation in cells and animals. Oncotarget, 9(2), 1745-1759. doi:10.18632/oncotarget.23158
[55]Juliano, P., Koutchma, T., Sui, Q., Barbosa-Cánovas, G. V., & Sadler, G. (2010). Polymeric-based food packaging for high-pressure processing. Food Engineering Reviews, 2, 274-297.
[56]Kantar, A. (2016). Update on Pediatric Cough. Lung, 194(1), 9-14. doi:10.1007/s00408-015-9815-6
[57]Khalil, A., Elesawy, B. H., Ali, T. M., & Ahmed, O. M. (2021). Bee Venom: From Venom to Drug. Molecules, 26(16). doi:10.3390/molecules26164941
[58]Khalil, I., Moniruzzaman, M., Boukraâ, L., Benhanifia, M., Islam, A., Islam, N., . . . Gan, S. H. (2012). Physicochemical and antioxidant properties of Algerian honey. Molecules, 17(9), 11199-11215. doi:10.3390/molecules170911199
[59]Kishore, R. K., Halim, A. S., Syazana, M. S., & Sirajudeen, K. N. (2011). Tualang honey has higher phenolic content and greater radical scavenging activity compared with other honey sources. Nutr Res, 31(4), 322-325. doi:10.1016/j.nutres.2011.03.001
[60]Klimczak, I., Małecka, M., Szlachta, M., & Gliszczyńska-Świgło, A. (2007). Effect of storage on the content of polyphenols, vitamin C and the antioxidant activity of orange juices. Journal of Food Composition and Analysis, 20(3), 313-322. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfca.2006.02.012
[61]Koutchma, T. (2014). Adapting high hydrostatic pressure (HPP) for food processing operations: Academic Press.
[62]Kulkarni, S., Dhir, A., & Akula, K. K. (2009). Potentials of curcumin as an antidepressant. ScientificWorldJournal, 9, 1233-1241.
doi:10.1100/tsw.2009.137
[63]Landl, A., Abadias, M., Sárraga, C., Viñas, I., & Picouet, P. A. (2010). Effect of high pressure processing on the quality of acidified Granny Smith apple purée product. Innovative Food Science & Emerging Technologies, 11(4), 557-564. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ifset.2010.09.001
[64]Leyva-Daniel, D. E., Escobedo-Avellaneda, Z., Villalobos-Castillejos, F., Alamilla-Beltrán, L., & Welti-Chanes, J. (2017). Effect of high hydrostatic pressure applied to a Mexican honey to increase its microbiological and functional quality. Food and Bioproducts Processing, 102, 299-306. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fbp.2017.01.001
[65]Li, G., Huang, J., Xu, G., Pan, X., Qian, X., Xu, J., . . . He, T. (2017). The short term burden of ambient fine particulate matter on chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in Ningbo, China. Environ Health, 16(1), 54. doi:10.1186/s12940-017-0253-1
[66]Li, J., Li, H., Li, H., Guo, W., An, Z., Zeng, X., . . . Wu, W. (2019). Amelioration of PM(2.5)-induced lung toxicity in rats by nutritional supplementation with fish oil and Vitamin E. Respir Res, 20(1), 76. doi:10.1186/s12931-019-1045-7
[67]Li, T., Hu, R., Chen, Z., Li, Q., Huang, S., Zhu, Z., & Zhou, L. F. (2018). Fine particulate matter (PM(2.5)): The culprit for chronic lung diseases in China. Chronic Dis Transl Med, 4(3), 176-186. doi:10.1016/j.cdtm.2018.07.002
[68]Ligouri, P. A., & Peters, K. L. (2009). Wound-Product Selection and Innovations: 3369: A NEW LEPTOSPERMUM HONEY ALGINATE DRESSING HAS A POSITIVE IMPACT ON A WIDE VARIETY OF WOUND TYPES. Journal of Wound Ostomy & Continence Nursing, 36(3S), S46.
[69]Liu, Y., Yan, S., Poh, K., Liu, S., Iyioriobhe, E., & Sterling, D. A. (2016). Impact of air quality guidelines on COPD sufferers. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis, 11, 839-872. doi:10.2147/copd.S49378
[70]Machado, A. M., Miguel, M. G., Vilas-Boas, M., & Figueiredo, A. C. (2020). Honey Volatiles as a Fingerprint for Botanical Origin-A Review on their Occurrence on Monofloral Honeys. Molecules, 25(2). doi:10.3390/molecules25020374
[71]Maghsoudi, H., & Moradi, S. (2015). Honey: A Skin Graft Fixator Convenient for Both Patient and Surgeon. Indian J Surg, 77(Suppl 3),
863-867. doi:10.1007/s12262-014-1039-0
[72]Mandal, M. D., & Mandal, S. (2011). Honey: its medicinal property and antibacterial activity. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed, 1(2), 154-160. doi:10.1016/s2221-1691(11)60016-6
[73]Marangoni Júnior, L., Cristianini, M., Padula, M., & Anjos, C. A. R. (2019). Effect of high-pressure processing on characteristics of flexible packaging for foods and beverages. Food Res Int, 119, 920-930. doi:10.1016/j.foodres.2018.10.078
[74]Martinez-Monteagudo, S. I., & Saldana, M. D. (2014). Chemical reactions in food systems at high hydrostatic pressure. Food Engineering Reviews, 6, 105-127.
[75]Masoura, M., Passaretti, P., Overton, T. W., Lund, P. A., & Gkatzionis, K. (2020). Use of a model to understand the synergies underlying the antibacterial mechanism of H(2)O(2)-producing honeys. Sci Rep, 10(1), 17692. doi:10.1038/s41598-020-74937-6
[76]Mazruei Arani, N., Emam-Djomeh, Z., Tavakolipour, H., Sharafati-Chaleshtori, R., Soleimani, A., & Asemi, Z. (2019). The Effects of Probiotic Honey Consumption on Metabolic Status in Patients with Diabetic Nephropathy: a Randomized, Double-Blind, Controlled Trial. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins, 11(4), 1195-1201. doi:10.1007/s12602-018-9468-x
[77]Meo, S. A., Al-Asiri, S. A., Mahesar, A. L., & Ansari, M. J. (2017). Role of honey in modern medicine. Saudi J Biol Sci, 24(5), 975-978. doi:10.1016/j.sjbs.2016.12.010
[78]Márcia de, F. R., Tom, W., Pérsio de, S. S. F., & Denise de, A. A. (2006). Miniature queens in stingless bees: basic facts and evolutionary hypotheses. Apidologie, 37(2), 191-206. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1051/apido:2006023
[79]Mohamed, M., Sulaiman, S. A., & Sirajudeen, K. N. (2013). Protective effect of honey against cigarette smoke induced-impaired sexual behavior and fertility of male rats. Toxicol Ind Health, 29(3), 264-271. doi:10.1177/0748233711432568
[80]Moncrieff, J., & Moncrieff, J. (2008). The myth of the chemical cure: Springer.
[81]Moniruzzaman, M., Khalil, M. I., Sulaiman, S. A., & Gan, S. H. (2012). Advances in the analytical methods for determining the antioxidant properties of honey: a review. Afr J Tradit Complement Altern Med, 9(1), 36-42. doi:10.4314/ajtcam.v9i1.5

[82]Moniruzzaman, M., Khalil, M. I., Sulaiman, S. A., & Gan, S. H. (2013). Physicochemical and antioxidant properties of Malaysian honeys produced by Apis cerana, Apis dorsata and Apis mellifera. BMC Complement Altern Med, 13, 43. doi:10.1186/1472-6882-13-43
[83]Moore, C., & Young, J. (2011). Effectiveness of silver in wound care treatment. Physical therapy reviews, 16(3), 201-209.
[84]Moret, C., & Briley, M. (2011). The importance of norepinephrine in depression. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat, 7(Suppl 1), 9-13. doi:10.2147/ndt.S19619
[85]Muhammad, A., Odunola, O. A., Gbadegesin, M. A., Adegoke, A. M., Olugbami, J. O., & Uche, N. S. (2015). Modulatory role of Acacia honey from north-west Nigeria on sodium arsenite-induced clastogenicity and oxidative stress in male Wistar rats. Nat Prod Res, 29(4), 321-326. doi:10.1080/14786419.2014.940945
[86]Muhammad, A., Odunola, O. A., Gbadegesin, M. A., Sallau, A. B., Ndidi, U. S., & Ibrahim, M. A. (2015). Inhibitory effects of sodium arsenite and acacia honey on acetylcholinesterase in rats. Int J Alzheimers Dis, 2015, 903603. doi:10.1155/2015/903603
[87]Nicolson, S. W., Human, H., & Pirk, C. W. W. (2022). Honey bees save energy in honey processing by dehydrating nectar before returning to the nest. Sci Rep, 12(1), 16224. doi:10.1038/s41598-022-20626-5
[88]Nutt, D. J. (2008). Relationship of neurotransmitters to the symptoms of major depressive disorder. J Clin Psychiatry, 69 Suppl E1, 4-7.
[89]Nweze, J. A., Okafor, J. I., Nweze, E. I., & Nweze, J. E. (2017). Evaluation of physicochemical and antioxidant properties of two stingless bee honeys: a comparison with Apis mellifera honey from Nsukka, Nigeria. BMC Res Notes, 10(1), 566. doi:10.1186/s13104-017-2884-2
[90]Okada, Y., & Okada, M. (1998). Scavenging Effect of Water Soluble Proteins in Broad Beans on Free Radicals and Active Oxygen Species. J Agric Food Chem, 46(2), 401-406. doi:10.1021/jf970470l
[91]Olas, B. (2020). Honey and Its Phenolic Compounds as an Effective Natural Medicine for Cardiovascular Diseases in Humans? Nutrients, 12(2). doi:10.3390/nu12020283
[92]Park, W. (1925). The storing and ripening of honey by honeybees. Journal of Economic Entomology, 18(2), 405-410.
[93]Pasupuleti, V. R., Sammugam, L., Ramesh, N., & Gan, S. H. (2017). Honey, Propolis, and Royal Jelly: A Comprehensive Review of Their
Biological Actions and Health Benefits. Oxid Med Cell Longev, 2017, 1259510. doi:10.1155/2017/1259510
[94]Patras, A., Brunton, N. P., Da Pieve, S., & Butler, F. (2009). Impact of high pressure processing on total antioxidant activity, phenolic, ascorbic acid, anthocyanin content and colour of strawberry and blackberry purées. Innovative Food Science & Emerging Technologies, 10(3), 308-313. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ifset.2008.12.004
[95]Pattamayutanon, P., Angeli, S., Thakeow, P., Abraham, J., Disayathanoowat, T., & Chantawannakul, P. (2015). Biomedical Activity and Related Volatile Compounds of Thai Honeys from 3 Different Honeybee Species. J Food Sci, 80(10), M2228-2240. doi:10.1111/1750-3841.12993
[96]Paul, I. M., Beiler, J., McMonagle, A., Shaffer, M. L., Duda, L., & Berlin, C. M., Jr. (2007). Effect of honey, dextromethorphan, and no treatment on nocturnal cough and sleep quality for coughing children and their parents. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med, 161(12), 1140-1146. doi:10.1001/archpedi.161.12.1140
[97]Paul, I. M., Yoder, K. E., Crowell, K. R., Shaffer, M. L., McMillan, H. S., Carlson, L. C., . . . Berlin, C. M., Jr. (2004). Effect of dextromethorphan, diphenhydramine, and placebo on nocturnal cough and sleep quality for coughing children and their parents. Pediatrics, 114(1), e85-90. doi:10.1542/peds.114.1.e85
[98]Peretti, A., Carbini, L., Dazzi, E., Pittau, L., Spanu, P., & Manai, M. (1994). Uso razionale del miele nell’alimentazione dei diabetici. Clin. Dietolog, 21(13-21), 1994.
[99]Perez-Tejada, J., Labaka, A., Vegas, O., Larraioz, A., Pescador, A., & Arregi, A. (2021). Anxiety and depression after breast cancer: The predictive role of monoamine levels. Eur J Oncol Nurs, 52, 101953. doi:10.1016/j.ejon.2021.101953
[100]Persano, O., & Piro, R. (2004). Main European Unifloral Honeys, Description Sheets. In: Apidologue.
[101]Rueppell, O., Aumer, D., & Moritz, R. F. (2016). Ties between ageing plasticity and reproductive physiology in honey bees (Apis mellifera) reveal a positive relation between fecundity and longevity as consequence of advanced social evolution. Curr Opin Insect Sci, 16, 64-68. doi:10.1016/j.cois.2016.05.009
[102]Südhof, T. C. (2021). The cell biology of synapse formation. J Cell Biol, 220(7). doi:10.1083/jcb.202103052

[103]Saralaya, S., B, S. J., Thomas, N. S., & S, M. S. (2021). Bee wax and honey-a primer for OMFS. Oral Maxillofac Surg, 25(1), 1-6. doi:10.1007/s10006-020-00893-0
[104]Scepankova, H., Pinto, C. A., Estevinho, L. M., & Saraiva, J. A. (2022). High-Pressure-Based Strategies for the Inactivation of Bacillus subtilis Endospores in Honey. Molecules, 27(18). doi:10.3390/molecules27185918
[105]Sehrawat, R., Kaur, B. P., Nema, P. K., Tewari, S., & Kumar, L. (2021). Microbial inactivation by high pressure processing: principle, mechanism and factors responsible. Food Sci Biotechnol, 30(1), 19-35. doi:10.1007/s10068-020-00831-6
[106]Sharma, R. (2011). Market trends in high pressure processing (HPP) food. The University of Queensland: Queensland, Australia.
[107]Shehu, A., Ismail, S., Rohin, M. A. K., Harun, A., Abd Aziz, A., & Haque, M. (2016). Antifungal properties of Malaysian Tualang honey and stingless bee propolis against Candida albicans and Cryptococcus neoformans. Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Science, 6(2), 044-050.
[108]Stagos, D., Soulitsiotis, N., Tsadila, C., Papaeconomou, S., Arvanitis, C., Ntontos, A., . . . Mossialos, D. (2018). Antibacterial and antioxidant activity of different types of honey derived from Mount Olympus in Greece. Int J Mol Med, 42(2), 726-734. doi:10.3892/ijmm.2018.3656
[109]Vega-Gálvez, A., Giovagnoli, C., Pérez-Won, M., Reyes, J. E., Vergara, J., Miranda, M., . . . Di Scala, K. (2012). Application of high hydrostatic pressure to aloe vera (Aloe barbadensis Miller) gel: Microbial inactivation and evaluation of quality parameters. Innovative Food Science & Emerging Technologies, 13, 57-63. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ifset.2011.07.013
[110]Wang, C. Y., Huang, H. W., Hsu, C. P., & Yang, B. B. (2016). Recent Advances in Food Processing Using High Hydrostatic Pressure Technology. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr, 56(4), 527-540. doi:10.1080/10408398.2012.745479
[111]White, J. W., Jr. (1979). Spectrophotometric method for hydroxymethylfurfural in honey. J Assoc Off Anal Chem, 62(3), 509-514.
[112]Wilkinson, L. J., White, R. J., & Chipman, J. K. (2011). Silver and nanoparticles of silver in wound dressings: a review of efficacy and
safety. J Wound Care, 20(11), 543-549. doi:10.12968/jowc.2011.20.11.543
[113]Woldemariam, H. W., & Emire, S. A. (2019). High Pressure Processing of Foods for Microbial and Mycotoxins Control: current trends and future prospects. Cogent Food & Agriculture, 5(1), 1622184. doi:10.1080/23311932.2019.1622184
[114]Yang, L., Wang, W. C., Lung, S. C., Sun, Z., Chen, C., Chen, J. K., . . . Lin, C. H. (2017). Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons are associated with increased risk of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease during haze events in China. Sci Total Environ, 574, 1649-1658. doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.08.211
[115]Yordanov, D. G., & Angelova, G. V. (2010). High Pressure Processing for Foods Preserving. Biotechnology & Biotechnological Equipment, 24(3), 1940-1945. doi:10.2478/V10133-010-0057-8
[116]Zaid, S. S. M., Ruslee, S. S., & Mokhtar, M. H. (2021). Protective Roles of Honey in Reproductive Health: A Review. Molecules, 26(11). doi:10.3390/molecules26113322
[117]Zainol, M. I., Mohd Yusoff, K., & Mohd Yusof, M. Y. (2013). Antibacterial activity of selected Malaysian honey. BMC Complement Altern Med, 13, 129. doi:10.1186/1472-6882-13-129
[118]Zhang, Z., Deng, T., Wu, M., Zhu, A., & Zhu, G. (2019). Botanicals as modulators of depression and mechanisms involved. Chin Med, 14, 24. doi:10.1186/s13020-019-0246-9
[119]台灣農業故事館. (2021). 蜂農裝備有什麼？一起認識蜂產品.
[120]蜜蜂主題館. (2007a). 台灣的蜜源植物. 休閒養蜂.
[121]蜜蜂主題館. (2007b). 蜂子.
[122]蜜蜂主題館. (2007c). 蜜蜂的生活. 蜂情萬種.
[123]盧美君. (2009). 蜂蜜產地鑑定技術. 農政與農情.
[124]Dominguez-López, I., Pérez, M., & Lamuela-Raventós, R. M. (2023). Total (poly)phenol analysis by the Folin-Ciocalteu assay as an anti-inflammatory biomarker in biological samples. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr, 1-7. doi:10.1080/10408398.2023.2220031
[125]Erejuwa, O. O., Sulaiman, S. A., & Wahab, M. S. (2014). Effects of honey and its mechanisms of action on the development and progression of cancer. Molecules, 19(2), 2497-2522. doi:10.3390/molecules19022497
[126] Shapla, U. M., Solayman, M., Alam, N., Khalil, M. I., & Gan, S. H. (2018). 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) levels in honey and other food products: effects on bees and human health. Chem Cent J, 12(1), 35. doi:10.1186/s13065-018-0408-3
[127] Xiao, F., Xu, T., Lu, B., & Liu, R. (2020). Guidelines for antioxidant assays for food components. Food Frontiers, 1(1), 60-69. doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/fft2.10
[128] Erejuwa, O. O., Sulaiman, S. A., & Wahab, M. S. (2014). Effects of honey and its mechanisms of action on the development and progression of cancer. Molecules, 19(2), 2497-2522. doi:10.3390/molecules19022497