臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

直流船舶微電網中的電力轉換器和配電設備併接於一直流匯流排，可有效控制系統不同設備之間的電力流動，某些情況可與港區微電網併接充電，成為陸上配電網的一部份。由於船舶配電距離較短，故障電流峰值較大且上升時間較短，直流故障保護已成為系統設計及運轉的主要問題和挑戰。如何策劃符合船籍協會要求的新保護體系變成相當重要且必要，在分析上可考慮系統運轉時電力轉換與保護模式之間的相互影響、系統運轉情境、及系統響應等，以設計出一套可靠的保護系統。本研究根據國際標準，包括IEC 61660、IEEE 946，建立電動船舶微電網直流系統中貢獻故障電流的主動式元件及影響故障電流的被動式元件之故障電流解析數學模型，配合系統電源與馬達資料、饋線與變壓器資料、及電力轉換器與電容資料，分析孤島運轉模式下於直流匯流排發生故障之故障電流，分析結果以電動船舶實際微電網直流系統架構進行實例分析。

The power converters and power distribution equipment in the DC ship microgrid are connected in parallel with the DC busbar, which can effectively control the power flow between different equipment in the system. Apart. Due to the short distribution distance of ships, significant fault current peak, and short rise time, DC fault protection has become a significant problem and challenge in system design and operation. Planning a new protection system that meets the registry's requirements has become very important and necessary. In the analysis, the interaction between the power conversion and the protection mode, the system operation situation, and the system response can be considered in order to design a reliable system. Protection system. According to international standards, including IEC 61660 and IEEE 946, this research establishes an analytical mathematical model of fault current for active components contributing to fault current and passive components affecting fault current in the DC system of the electric ship microgrid. Based on the transformer data, power converter, and capacitor data, the fault current of the DC busbar failure in the island operation mode is analyzed.

摘要 i

Abstract ii

誌 謝 iii

目 錄 iv

表 目 錄 vi

圖 目 錄 vii

第一章 緒論 1
1.1 研究動機及目的 1
1.2 國內外相關研究概況 2
1.3 論文大綱 3

第二章 船舶微電網系統 5
2.1 船舶交流微電網系統 5
2.1.1 交流微電網系統架構 5
2.1.1.1 交流微電網放射狀架構 6
2.1.1.2 交流微電網幹線狀架構 7
2.1.1.3 交流微電網混合式架構 7
2.1.1.4 交流微電網網狀架構 9
2.1.2 先進船舶電力負載 9
2.1.3電力管理中心 10
2.2 船舶直流微電網系統 11
2.2.1 直流微電網系統架構 11
2.2.1.1 直流微電網放射狀架構 13
2.2.1.2 直流微電網區域狀架構 15
2.2.2 船艦電池儲能系統 19
2.2.3 電力電子模組 22
2.2.3.1 電力電子模組架構 22
2.2.3.2 集中式數位控制器 26
2.2.3.3 分散式數位控制器 27
2.2.4 電力保護系統 28
2.2.5 直流船舶微電網系統實際案例 30
2.3 船艦電池需求方向與趨勢 32
2.3.1 船用電池需求 32
2.3.2 船用電池趨勢 34

第三章 直流短路電流計算方法 36
3.1 IEC 61660直流短路計算標準 37
3.1.1 電力轉換器提供之短路電流計算 39
3.1.2 儲能電池提供之短路電流計算 41
3.1.3 電容提供之短路電流計算 42
3.1.4 直流電動機之短路電流計算 43
3.1.5 總短路電流計算 44
3.2 IEEE 946直流短路電流計算標準 45
3.3 Simulink動態模型之直流短路電流模擬 47

第四章 電動船舶之直流短路電流計算分析 49
4.1 IEC 61660直流短路電流模擬結果 49
4.2 IEEE 946 直流短路電流模擬結果 53
4.3 Simulink動態模型之直流短路電流模擬結果 53
4.4 直流短路電流模擬結果分析比較 56
4.5 電容敏感度短路電流模擬 56
4.6 電容穩壓效能分析模擬 58

第五章 結論與未來展望 60
5.1 結論與論文貢獻 60
5.2 未來研究方向 61

參考文獻 62

作者簡歷 66

[1]R. M. Cuzner and G. Venkataramanan, “The status of DC micro-grid protection,” in Proc. 2008 IEEE IAS Annual Meeting.
[2]IEEE Recommended Practice for 1 kV to 35 kV Medium-Voltage DC Power Systems on Ships, IEEE Std. 1709-2010, 2010.
[3]Ricky R. Chan, Liza Chua, Tegoeh Tjahjowidodo, 2016, Enabling Technologies for Sustainable All - Electric Hybrid Vessels, 2016 IEEE International Conference on Sustainable Energy Technologies, pp. 401-406.
[4]李俊宇，2009，船舶短路電流計算軟體之設計與開發，國立高雄海洋科技大學輪機工程系研究所碩士論文。
[5]C. Li, S. K. Chaudhary, M. Savaghebi, J. C. Vasquez, and J. M. Guerrero, “ Power flow analysis for low-voltage AC and DC microgrids considering droop control and virtual impedance”, IEEE Trans. on Smart Grid, vol. 8, no. 6, pp. 2754-2764, November 2017.
[6]Bijan Zahedi and Lars E. Norum, “Efficiency analysis of shipboard dc power systems,” IECON 2013 - 39th Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society, pp.689-694, 2013.
[7]鐘志添，2018，船舶直流電網短路電流分析，國立高雄海洋科技大學輪機工程系研究所碩士論文。
[8]江政逸，2020，直流船舶微電網短路電流分析，國立高雄海洋科技大學輪機工程系研究所碩士論文。
[9]T. Ericsen and A. Tucker, “Power electronics building blocks and potential power modulator applications,” Proceedings of the International Power Modulator Symposium, 22-25 June 1998, pp. 12-15.
[10]John M. Miller, Vehicular Electric Power Systems, Marcel Dekker, Inc., 2004.
[11]K. L. Butler, N. D. R. Sarma, C. Whitcomb, H. Do Carmo, and H. Zhang, “Shipboard systems deploy automated protection,” IEEE Computer Applications in Power, Vol. 11, No. 2, April 1998, pp. 31-36.
[12]Y. Kbersonsky, N. Hingorani, and K. L. Peterson,“IEEE electric ship technologies initiative,”IEEE Industry Applications Magazine, January/February 2011.
[13]C. Petry and J. Rumburg, “Zonal electrical distribution systems: an affordable architecture for the future,” Naval Engineers Journal,vol. 105, May 1993, pp. 45-51.
[14]J. G. Ciezki and R. W. Ashton, “Selection and stability issues associated with a navy shipboard DC zonal electric distribution system,” IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, vol. 15, no. 2, April 2000, pp. 665-669.
[15]J. M. Miller, Vehicular Electric Power Systems, Marcel Dekker, Inc., 2004.
[16]R. E. Hebner, K. Davey, J. Herbst, D. Hall, J. Hahne, D. D. Surls, and A. Ouroua, “Dynamic load and storage integration,” Proceedings of the IEEE, vol. 103, no. 2, December 2015, pp. 2344-2354.
[17]The first methanol fuel cell powered vessel in Germany is now sailing the waters of lake Baldeneysee. [on-line] Available
http://serenergy.com/the-first-methanol-fuel-cell-powered-vessel-in-germany-is-now-sailing-thewaters-of-lake-baldeneysee/.
[18]John O. Lindtjorn, Onboard DC Grid, Next Generation DE Propulsion System, ABB, 2015.
[19]Hybrid Ferry, 2017. [Online]. Available https://www.scandlines.com/about-scandlines/press/documents
[20]T. T. Ha Pham, Y. Bésanger, and N. Hadjsaid, “New challenges in power system restoration with large scale of dispersed generation insertion,” IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, vol. 24, no. 1, February 2009, pp. 398-406.
[21]T. Ericsen and A. Tucker, “Power electronics building blocks and potential power modulator applications,” Proceedings of the International Power Modulator Symposium, June 22-25 1998, pp. 12-15.
[22]葉駿騰，船舶直流帶狀電力系統隨機安全性分析，國立高雄海洋科技大學輪機工程所碩士論文，中華民國97年6月。
[23]Z. J. Shen, A. M. Roshandeh, Z. Miao, and G. Sabui, “Ultrafast autonomous solid state circuit breakers for shipboard DC power distribution,” in Proc. 2015 IEEE Electric Ship Technologies Symposium (ESTS) pp. 299-305, 2015.
[24]R. Schmerda, R. Cuzner, R. Clark, D. Nowak, and S. Bunzel, “Shipboard solid-state protection: overview and applications,” IEEE Electrification Magazine, vol. 1, no. 1, 2013, pp. 32-39.
[25]C. L. Su, K. L. Lin, and C. J. Chen, “Power flow and generator-converter schemes studies in ship MVDC distribution systems,” IEEE Trans. on Industry Applications, vol. 52, no. 1, January/February 2016, pp.50-59.
[26]L. R. Briant, Technology for the Future- Blue Drive PlusC, SIEMENS, September 2016. [on-line] Available :
http://www.canadianferry.ca/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/CFOA-Tech-Session-Siemens-L.Briant.pdf.
[27]B. Gundersen, K. Donnestad, and B. Brodersen, Hybrid Laboratory, 2016. [on-line] Available :http://new.abb.com/marine/generations/technical-insight/hybrid-laboratory.
[28]Hybrid Propulsion Solutions- AC Drives Have Key Roles in Hybridization and Integration. [on-line] Available :
http://marintec.danfoss.com/templates/content_withleftnav.aspx?pageid=17179940100#/
[29]C. H. Lin, “The power electronic application for ship propulsion system and real world result thereof,” in Proc. 2017 Symposium on Semiconductor Power Conversion, Changhua, Taiwan.
[30]IMO通過船隻2023年起每年減碳2％，2021年6月。[Online]. Available: https://finance.ettoday.net/news/2009466
[31]Clean Maritime Plan 2025，2019年7月。[Online]. Available: https://britishmarine.co.uk/News/2019/July/UK-Government-releases-Clean-Maritime-Plan-setting-maritime-zeroemission-travel-strategy
[32]快樂號渡輪，2017年1月。[Online]. Avaliable: https://www.peoplenews.tw/news/2c6f9f40-1188-4e75-81f0-4abd8a708425
[33]船也可以很環保！複合動力渡輪與純電豪華遊艇極成為新趨勢！[Online]. Available:
https://www.eprice.com.tw/tech/talk/1141/5375580/1/
[34]混合動力客輪，[Online]. Available: https://ulstein.com/color-hybrid
[35]純電動養殖船，[Online]. Available: https://www.danfoss.com/zh-cn/service-and-support/case-studies/cf/goodbye-to-nox-particles/
[36]電動改裝渡輪，[Online]. Available: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MS_Stena_Jutlandica
[37]丹麥電動渡輪，[Online]. Available: https://www.ship-technology.com/features/electric-ships-the-world-top-five-projects-by-battery-capacity/
[38]GEV公司壓縮氫船，[Online]. Available: https://fuelcellsworks.com/news/c-h2-ship-specifications-completed-u-s-provisional-patent-filed/
[39]燃料電池研究船，[Online]. Available: https://theicct.org/sites/default/files/6_Klebanoff_ZeroV.pdf
[40]氫氣貨船，[Online]. Available: http://www.hyqfocus.com/jsp/model.jsp?id=25056&modelType=1
[41]液態氫運輸船，[Online]. Available: https://www.go-moea.tw/message_info.php?id=11619&cid=2
[42]比利時氫氣客船，[Online]. Available: https://fuelcellsworks.com/news/cmb-hydroville-shuttle-wins-sustainability-award-with-hydrogen-powered-ship/
[43]法國氫氣貨船，[Online]. Available: https://flagships.eu/about/
[44]Electrical Installations of Ships and Mobile and Fixed offshore Units - Part 1: Procedures for Calculating Short-Circuit Currents in Three-Phase A.C., IEC Std 61363-1, 1998.
[45]Interface Standard for Shipboard Systems: Electric Power, Alternating Current, Navy Standard MIL-STD-1399 Section 300A, 1987.
[46]Short-Circuit Currents in Three-Phase A.C. Systems -Part 0: Calculation of Currents, IEC Standard 60909-0, 2001.
[47]Short-Circuit Currents in D.C. Auxiliary Installations in Power Plants and Substations – Part 1: Calculation of Short-Circuit Currents, IEC Std. 61660-1, 2000.
[48]“IEEE Recommended Practice for the Design of DC Auxiliary Power Systems for Generating Systems,” IEEE Std. 946-2004, June 2005.