臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本論文提出一套以FPGA為核心的超音波控制驅動系統，FPGA內部包含使用硬體描述語言撰寫的數位硬體模組，與使用FPGA內部邏輯閘合成出的32位元Nios II處理器，我們使用整合32位元處理器與數位硬體模組在FPGA內部進行系統設計，這種開發方式又稱為可程式化系統單晶片技術(System on Programmable Chip, SOPC)。系統在追蹤頻率的過程中，我們透過即時檢測超音波振動子的實際工作參數，並對這些參數進行處理與分析，再以PID控制模型進行頻率對相位的補償，以達到追頻控制的功能。在使用者操控端介面則是使用美國國家儀器公司(National Instruments, NI)，所開發的LabVIEW圖形化程式編譯平台，設計出一套完善的操作介面，並且能將超音波驅動的相關資訊即時的顯示在介面上，提供操控人員進行分析。
在系統完成後，我們測試了三種不同共振頻率區間的超音波振動子，系統的確可以即時的將頻率鎖定於最佳頻率點上，並且透過基恩斯(KEYENCE)公司的雷射位移計(型號:LK-H050)驗證量測出超音波振動子的物理振動幅度，的確能隨著操作頻率是否接近共振頻率點上以及驅動功率的強弱，有著相對應的物理振動幅度變化。

This paper proposes a set of ultrasonic control drive system with FPGA as the core. The FPGA contains digital hardware module written by hardware description language and 32-bit Nios II processor synthesized by FPGA internal logic gate. We conduct system design in FPGA internal by using to integrate 32-bit processor and digital hardware module. The developed approach is also known as System on Programmable Chip (SOPC) technology. In the process of tracking the frequency of the system, we detect the actual working parameters of the ultrasonic oscillator in real time. We aim these parameters to handle and then use the PID control model to compensate the phase in order to achieve the function of frequency tracking control. The user control interface use the LabVIEW graphical programming compilation platform which developed from National Instrument Company and it can design a set of perfect operation interface, and to display the relevant information of ultrasonic drive on the interface in real time to provide operators for analysis.
After the system is completed, we test three kinds of ultrasonic oscillators with different resonance frequency intervals. The system can indeed lock the frequency to the optimal point in time and using laser displacement meter through KEYENCE Company to measure the physical vibration amplitude of the ultrasonic oscillator.

摘要......................................................i
Abstract.................................................ii
誌謝....................................................iii
目錄.....................................................iv
表目錄..................................................vii
圖目錄.................................................viii
符號說明................................................xi
　第一章　緒論.............................................1
　　1.1　　研究動機與目的..................................1
　　1.2　　研究方法........................................1
　　1.3 　論文架構.........................................2
　第二章 　系統原理.........................................3
　　2.1 　超音波振動子.....................................3
　　2.2 　追頻方法.........................................8
　　　2.2.1 　電壓訊號檢測方法.............................10
　　　2.2.2 　電流訊號檢測方法.............................11
　　2.3 　PID控制模型.....................................13
　　2.4 　相位校正........................................14
　第三章 　系統設計與架構..................................16
　　3.1 　系統架構........................................16
　　3.2 　類比電路設計....................................18
　　　3.2.1 　直接數位頻率合成器...........................18
　　　3.2.2 　類比數位轉換器...............................20
　　　3.2.3 　線性光耦合隔離電路............................20
　　　3.2.4 　高速光耦合隔離電路............................21
　　　3.2.5 　施密特觸發器..................................21
　　　3.2.6 　霍爾電流感測器................................22
　　　3.2.7 　濾波器電路....................................23
　　　3.2.8 　峰值檢測電路..................................25
　　3.3 數位電路設計.......................................26
　　　3.3.1 　SOPC(System on a Programmable Chip)架構......26
　　　3.3.2 　相位檢測模組..................................27
　　　3.3.3 　直接數位頻率合成控制模組.......................28
　　　3.3.4 　類比數位轉換模組...............................29
　　　3.3.5 　峰值檢測控制模組...............................30
　　3.4 　系統流程..........................................32
　　3.5 　人機介面設計......................................35
　第四章 　實驗結果與討論....................................38
　　4.1 　追頻結果..........................................38
　　4.2 　物理位移量結果....................................42
　　4.3 　測試結果..........................................50
　　4.4 　結果討論..........................................51
　第五章 　結論與未來展望....................................52
　　5.1 　結論.............................................52
　　5.2 　未來展望.........................................52
參考文獻...................................................53
附錄一.....................................................55
附錄二.....................................................56
Extended Abstract..........................................57

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