臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

全國近年來隨著工商業發展快速，使得飲食文化也轉變為方便即食為主，導致使用一次性容器的需求量大增，連帶產生的大量廢容器已然成為目前最迫切需要解決的環保問題。國內雖有建立回收系統，但並非能夠完全回收所有廢容器，回收廠商的喜好將影響回收廢容器的數量。研究結果顯示，目前鋁、PET跟PP有較佳回收利益，鐵、紙及玻璃的回收效益有待改善。而不被回收廠商喜愛的材質若不進行回收，將直接同一般垃圾被送至焚化廠進行最終處理，此舉是否會造成環境影響，或是增加環境效益，值得探討。因此本研究以生命週期評估法(Life Cycle Assessments, LCA)探討10種常見的一次性容器，以分析此10種材質在回收及不回收的情況下，對環境所造成的效益或影響，並尋求對環境較友善的處理方式，提供決策者參考。根據研究結果，若以回收避免焚化來探討，PET、鋁、PP回收皆有環境效益，玻璃跟PVC尚可，反觀PE、PS、紙類跟鐵進行回收之環境影響較大。本研究亦設計四種廠商回收成本效益的情境，顯示出在無處理成本之下，紙、玻璃及PVC不提供補貼時仍無法以其本身價值進行回收。

The rapid pace of modern society emphasizes on convenience, leading to extensive use and discard of disposable containers. Domestic responsible enterprises pay and subsidize as recycling funds for back-end recyclers to recycle these containers in the four-in-one resource recycling system. Obviously, materials failed to be recycled by the market were recovered through subsidies, yet it is worth the establishment of an appropriate method to evaluate the environmental benefits it generates.
This study uses life cycle inventory analysis to investigate the impacts and benefits of recycling and non-recycling of waste containers of different materials on the environment. Also, whether recycling enterprises recycle these containers if subsidies were or were not given will be discussed to understand the benefits of these subsidies.
Firstly, a situational simulation of the cost analysis was carried out based on the profits obtainable by the enterprise can obtain through waste containers. Next, the environmental impacts of recycling or not recycling these waste containers were analyzed. After investigation and integration of these two treatment methods, the environmental benefits obtainable when waste containers were converted from non-recycling to recycling after subsidization was discussed.
The results showed that all materials after subsidization have their own environmental benefits and partial impacts. The environmental impacts of each material were also analyzed, so as to develop a new treatment technique in order to improve the willingness of enterprises to recycle, as well as to increase the environmental benefits.

目錄

摘要 I
Abstract II
致謝 III
目錄 IV
表目錄 VII
圖目錄 X
第一章 前言 1
1-1研究緣起 1
1-2研究目的 2
1-3論文內容 2
第二章 文獻回顧 4
2-1 廢容器回收現況 4
2-1-1 容器種類 4
2-1-2 經濟工具 7
2-2 廢容器回收流程 8
2-3 廢容器成本因子 10
2-4 生命週期評估 11
第三章 研究方法 14
3-1 成本分析 15
3-1-1 成本分析流程 15
3-1-2 選擇回收材質 15
3-1-3 運輸資金計算 15
3-1-4 廠商獲利計算 16
3-1-5 評估各情境下之最大運輸距離 16
3-2 環境效益分析 17
3-2-1 範疇界定 18
3-2-2 數據計算方式 20
3-3 生命週期盤查分析 26
3-4 環境效益分析 27
3-5 回收意願分析 27
3-6 策略研擬 28
3-6-1 成本利潤對政策與補貼之關係 28
3-6-2 回收與否與環境效益之關係 28
第四章 案例研究 29
4-1 調查說明 29
4-2 成本分析 29
4-2-1 選擇回收材質與車型 29
4-2-2 廢容器各材質之成本因子蒐集 30
4-2-3 模擬情境以分析成本因子 32
4-2-4 推估最適化運輸資金 36
4-2-5 評估各情境下之運輸距離 37
4-3 生命週期盤查分析 38
4-3-1 數據盤查 38
4-3-2 容器處理盤查計算方式 46
4-3-3 容器處理盤查計算 47
4-4 生命週期盤查分析結果 49
4-5 環境效益分析 52
4-6 策略研擬 65
4-6-1 補貼政策與回收意願之關係 65
4-6-2 回收與否與環境效益之關係 65
4-7 小結 69
第五章 結論與建議 70
5-1 結論 70
5-2 建議 71
參考文獻 72
附錄一 82
附錄二 87

表目錄
表 1 應回收廢容器回收清除處理補貼費率表 7
表 2 車型尺寸 15
表 3 汽車運輸業客貨運運價準則 15
表 4 運輸資金情境分析 17
表 5 處理廠所需之成本因子 28
表 6 調查之廢容器項目基本資料 29
表 7 車型與回收材質 30
表 8 各材質總支出與總收入價格 31
表 9 鐵容器成本因子分析 32
表 10 鋁容器成本因子分析 32
表 11 紙容器成本因子分析 33
表 12 玻璃容器成本因子分析 33
表 13 PET 容器成本因子分析 34
表 14 PE 容器成本因子分析 34
表 15 PP 容器成本因子分析 35
表 16 PVC 容器成本因子分析 35
表 17 未發泡 PS 容器成本因子分析 36
表 18 各情境下的運輸資金 36
表 19 各材質之每單位距離重量運輸費用 37
表 20 各材質之運輸距離 37
表 21 廢容器回收廠盤查數據 38
表 22 再生鐵盤查數據 39
表 23 再生鋁盤查數據 39
表 24 再生紙盤查數據 39

表 25 再生玻璃盤查數據 40
表 26 再生 PET 盤查數據 40
表 27 再生 PE 盤查數據 40
表 28 再生 PP 盤查數據 41
表 29 再生 PVC 盤查數據 41
表 30 再生未發泡 PS 盤查數據 42
表 31 都市焚化廠盤查數據 42
表 32 原生鐵盤查數據 43
表 33 原生鋁盤查數據 43
表 34 原生紙盤查數據 43
表 35 原生玻璃盤查數據 44
表 36 原生 PET 盤查數據 44
表 37 原生 HDPE 盤查數據 44
表 38 原生 LDPE 盤查數據 45
表 39 原生 PP 盤查數據 45
表 40 原生 PVC 盤查數據 45
表 41 原生 PS 盤查數據 46
表 42 生命週期分析因子 47
表 43 各材質數據分析結果－做回收 49
表 44 各材質數據分析結果－不回收 51
表 45 環境效益計算方式 52
表 46 環境效益分析結果－做回收 53
表 47 環境效益分析結果－不回收 54
表 48 鐵容器環境效益原始數據 55
表 49 鋁容器環境效益原始數據 56

表 50 紙容器環境效益原始數據 57
表 51 玻璃容器環境效益原始數據 58
表 52 PET 容器環境效益原始數據 59
表 53 HDPE 容器環境效益原始數據 60
表 54 LDPE 容器環境效益原始數據 61
表 55 PP 容器環境效益原始數據 62
表 56 PVC 容器環境效益原始數據 63
表 57 未發泡 PS 容器環境效益原始數據 64
表 60 能資源與環境污染量之差異 66
表 61 能資源與環境污染量之差異 66
表 62 各材質之廢容器回收廠盤查結果 82
表 63 各材質之廢容器處理廠盤查結果 83
表 64 各材質之廢容器焚化廠盤查結果(進行回收) 84
表 65 各材質之廢容器焚化廠盤查結果(不回收) 85
表 66 各容器材質之原生料盤查結果 86
表 67 盤查圖說明 87

圖目錄
圖 1 非塑膠類廢容器比例 9
圖 2 塑膠類廢容器比例 9
圖 3 回收處理業物流金流分析圖 10
圖 4 LCA 基本架構(ISO，2006) 11
圖 5 產品生命週期之能質流動圖 13
圖 6 研究流程圖 14
圖 7(a) 進行回收情境模擬圖 18
圖 7 (b) 不回收情境模擬圖 18
圖 8 範疇界定 19
圖 9 PET 流程圖 49
圖 10 鐵容器環境效益結果圖 55
圖 11 鋁容器環境效益結果圖 56
圖 12 紙容器環境效益結果圖 57
圖 13 玻璃容器環境效益結果圖 58
圖 14 PET 容器環境效益結果圖 59
圖 15 HDPE 容器環境效益結果圖 60
圖 16 LDPE 容器環境效益結果圖 61
圖 17 PP 容器環境效益結果圖 62
圖 18 PVC 容器環境效益結果圖 63
圖 19 未發泡 PS 容器環境效益結果圖 64
圖 20 補貼後資源總量之環境效益 67
圖 21 補貼後能源耗用量之環境效益 67
圖 22 補貼後水資源耗用量之環境效益 68
圖 23 補貼後環境污染物之環境效益 68

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