臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本研究應用質性研究方法，對台灣電腦製造業之「客製化能力」進行「績效衡量」，並針對兩者受競爭所牽引的「影響因素」一併探討其間的關聯性，藉以完整呈現與發覺客製化製造整合的關鍵成功因素。茲將研究成果摘要如下：
1. 品牌擁有者為了降低經營風險並抵禦競爭壓力，需更有效率的擷取全球相對低廉且有效的資源進行整合利用。於是，委由相對較具競爭力的專業代工廠商履行製造生產實務。這對專業代工廠商有兩大重要意義：
(1) 經由供給面網路效應與水平整合的方式來擴大採購利基。
(2) 經由學習效果的累積，逐漸產生了技術與資源優勢，發展成為共同合作分享資源的價值鏈關係。
2. 對企業內經營活動中，有效的客製化之製造整合對策有三：
(1) 運籌導向之產品開發概念：這含括模組化物料表及可製性設計兩方面齊頭並進，以產生模組化與標準化的加成效果。
(2) 準確而有效的需求預測與排程能力：利用動態模組化物料表進行高彈性的材料需求預測，輔以同質性、來源性及時間性的排程模式，可臻高效能且自動化的訂單規劃成效。
(3) 資訊技術的創新方法：以 JIT 、 TQM 與彈性製造為系統規劃之經緯，經由資訊電子化技術貫通品牌顧客、電腦代工廠商及上游原材料供應商，猶如一條資訊高速公路般，整合價值鏈上下游。

The purpose of the research is to provide key success factors of manufacturing integration within customization. The contributions include:
1. Brand owners on purpose to reduce risk of business operations, they would like to cooperate with ODM industries to get the cost down and enhance total efficiency. There are two significant meaning to ODM industry:
1) Expand purchase foundation by supplier network effect and horizontal integration.
2) Develop value chain by learning efficiency to accumulate technology with resources.
2. The operatives of manufacturing integration:
1) Design For Logistics: Industries perform modularization and standardize by dynamic modular BOM with design for manufacturing.
2) Effective capabilities in forecast and scheduling: They are not only improve forecast flexibility but also need to take through scheduling refer to product model﹑source of order and deliver time.
3) Innovation through IT: They take advantage of JIT﹑TQM and production flexibility to work out customization.

第一章、緒論 ………………………………………………………… 01
1.1 研究背景與動機 ………………………………………… 01
1.2 研究問題與目的 ………………………………………… 02
1.3 研究範圍與限制 ………………………………………… 02
1.4 研究流程 ……………………………………………… 02
第二章、文獻探討 …………………………………………………… 04
2.1 客製化能力 ……………………………………………… 04
2.1.1 協同能力 ………………………………………… 05
2.1.2 製造能力 ………………………………………… 06
2.1.3 資訊技術能力 …………………………………… 09
2.2 客製化績效衡量 ………………………………………… 12
2.2.1 客製化能力衡量方式 ……………………………… 12
2.2.2 成本 ……………………………………………… 13
2.2.3 效率 ……………………………………………… 15
2.2.4 彈性 ……………………………………………… 16
2.3 客製化影響 ……………………………………………… 17
2.3.1 競爭壓力 ………………………………………… 17
2.3.2 競爭策略 ………………………………………… 18
第三章、研究架構與方法 ……………………………………………… 20
3.1 研究架構 ……………………………………………… 20
3.1.1 協同能力 ………………………………………… 22
3.1.2 製造能力 ………………………………………… 23
3.1.3 資訊技術能力 …………………………………… 25
3.1.4 經營績效衡量 …………………………………… 26
3.1.5 影響因素 ………………………………………… 27
3.1.6 命題設計 ………………………………………… 27
3.2 研究方法 ……………………………………………… 28
3.2.1 個案公司的挑選 …………………………………… 28
3.2.2 資訊收集 ………………………………………… 28
第四章、個案分析 …………………………………………………… 29
4.1 A電腦代工廠商 ……………………………………………… 29
4.1.1 客製化能力 ………………………………………… 29
4.1.2 客製化績效衡量 …………………………………… 32
4.1.3 客製化影響 ………………………………………… 33
4.2 B電腦代工廠商 ……………………………………………… 34
4.2.1 客製化能力 ………………………………………… 34
4.2.2 客製化績效衡量 …………………………………… 38
4.2.3 客製化影響 ………………………………………… 39
4.3 C電腦代工廠商 ……………………………………………… 40
4.3.1 客製化能力 ………………………………………… 40
4.3.2 客製化績效衡量 …………………………………… 43
4.3.3 客製化影響 ………………………………………… 43
4.4 小結 ………………………………………………………… 45
第五章、研究發現 …………………………………………………… 47
5.1 協同能力 …………………………………………………… 47
5.2 製造能力 …………………………………………………… 50
5.3 資訊技術能力 ……………………………………………… 55
5.4 影響因素 …………………………………………………… 58
第六章、結論與建議 …………………………………………………… 62
6.1 研究結論 …………………………………………………… 62
6.2 管理意涵 …………………………………………………… 63
6.3 研究建議 …………………………………………………… 66
第七章、參考文獻 …………………………………………………… 67
7.1 中文部分 …………………………………………………… 67
7.2 英文部分 …………………………………………………… 67
7.3 網站部分 …………………………………………………… 70
附錄一、問卷 ………………………………………………………… 72
表 目 錄
表 2-1 生產模式比較表 ………………………………………………… 04
表 2-2 遞延種類及其設計原則 ……………………………………… 08
表 2-3 資訊科技對組織所帶來的影響 ………………………………… 10
表 2-4 生產製造系統整合性績效衡量項目關聯表 ………………… 12
表 3-1 研究衡量項目之定義與說明 ………………………………… 21
表 3-2 客製化製造整合之命題 ……………………………………… 27
表 4-1 三家電腦代工廠之客製化能力比較 …………………………… 45
表 5-1 運籌導向之產品開發能力對經營績效的影響 ………………… 51
表 5-2 資訊技術在客製化商務活動中的角色與成效 ………………… 56
表 5-3 客製化製造整合資訊系統之歷史演進 ……………………… 58
圖 目 錄
圖 1-1 研究流程 ……………………………………………………… 03
圖 2-1 交易商品、交易次術語統治形式的關係 ……………………… 14
圖 2-2 以效率為核心的企業成長策略動態邏輯 ……………………… 15
圖 3-1 研究架構 ……………………………………………………… 20
圖 4-1 A 電腦代工廠商之系統組裝生產線佈置圖 ………………… 31
圖 4-2 B 電腦代工廠商 TDS 商務模式 …………………………… 36
圖 4-3 B 電腦代工廠商之系統組裝生產線佈置圖 ………………… 37
圖 4-4 B 電腦代工廠商受 Dell 委託代工模式 ……………………… 39
圖 4-5 C電腦代工廠商之系統組裝生產線佈置圖 ………………… 42
圖 5-1 客製化發展時程變化 …………………………………………… 48
圖 5-2 垂直與水平整合 ………………………………………………… 49
圖 5-3 模組化的物料表 (module BOM) …………………………… 54
圖 5-4 資訊技術之客製化製造整合應用 …………………………… 57
圖 6-1 供需協同合作下競爭優勢的發展程序 ……………………… 63

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三. 網站部分
1. 李大經，”資訊電子產業應用的趨勢將由以往以硬體產品為主，演變成以資訊服務為主導的新方向”，http://www.grandsoft.com/cm/072/afo728.htm， 2000
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