臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

加工精度及使用壽命上的展現乃工具機性能的關鍵性指標，因掌握了機台結構本身的特性，將有助於結構設計製造上的補強及避免結構共振與顫振的發生。介面剛性與阻尼影響工具機動態特性甚鉅，因主宰它們的因素頗多，切確值求得不易，長期以來，對有限元素分析者帶來不少的困擾。但隨著數值方法與計算機運算能力的增進，此方面的困難已獲得不少的突破。因此，發展介面及地腳剛性與阻尼等技術之建構，以提升切削加工精度與穩定性。
本研究以實務性的做法來發展五軸加工具機剛性及阻尼求解方法之建構。首先，針對單部件進行數值模態與實驗模態分析，從實驗模態分析可求得單部件的結構模態參數。接著，以實驗模態參數為目標基準，分別進行模態分析與簡諧分析反覆求解修飾結構材料之楊氏係數與阻尼比。重複單部件之求解方法與流程，以求解底座與地板接觸之地腳介面剛性。再者，逐一堆疊組立部件並同時進行數值模態與實驗模態分析，並針對滑塊與線軌間介面不同接觸形式進行評比以尋找合適的接觸方式與簡化模型，進而逐步求解修飾部份組件之介面剛性。最後，基於實驗振動訊號以瞬態分析法求解滑塊與地腳之介面阻尼。結果顯示，由實驗模態分析與簡諧分析結果比對得知，單部件頻率響應函數波峰之分析誤差皆在10%以下，且兩者之響應函數曲線大致相近。由實驗振動訊號與瞬態分析結果可以得知，滑塊與地腳之介面阻尼對於整體結構在抑振能力上較具有影響性，而結構本身阻尼比的影響性則較為次要。

The display of machining accuracy and service life are the key indicators for the working performance of the machine-tool. If the characteristics of the machine-tool structure itself may be handled at hand, it will not only be helpful to the reinforcement of the structure design and manufacturing, but also may avoid the occurrence of structure resonance and chatter vibration. The interface stiffness and damping largely affect the cutting dynamic characteristics of the machine-tool, which are influenced by many factors and hence the exact values are still not easy to obtain. For a long time, it has caused many troubles for the finite element analyzers. However, as the progress of numerical methods and calculation capabilities of the computer, difficulties in this area have achieved many breakthroughs. Therefore, the development of the techniques, such as interface stiffness, and ground-support stiffness and damping, are constructed in order to promote the machining accuracy and stability of the cutting processes.
This study constructs the interface stiffness and damping of a five-axis machine-tool determination techniques in a practical approach. First, numerical simulation and experimental modal analysis (EMA) were performed for each single subsystem of a machine-tool, and the structure modal parameters can thus be obtained from the EMA. Then, the modal parameters are used as the objective function, and the modal analysis and harmonic analysis are separately and iteratively performed to solve the material Young's modulus and damping ratio for each single subsystem. In addition, the methods and procedures for solving the single subsystem just mentioned above are applied for the determination of the interface stiffness and damping between the ground support and floor at the state of the base structure in contact with the floor. Subsystems are superimposed one by one and part assembly system is constituted subsequently, and both numerical and experimental modal analyses for that system are performed at the same time. Also, the different contact forms between the interface between sliding-blocks and tracks are assessed and compared crossly, which aims to search for a proper contact manner and a simplified model for interface stiffness determination. Thus, the interface stiffness for part assembly system may be modified and solved step by step. Finally, based on the vibration signals sampled from the experiments, the transient analysis is conducted to solve the interface damping of the sliding-block and ground-support. The results indicated that the error between the harmonic analysis and EMA on some specific peaks of the frequency response function for each single subsystem is less than 10%. Also, both function curves are almost similar to each other. The results obtained both from the vibration signal and the transient analysis indicate that the interface damping of the sliding-block and the ground-support plays an important role on the capability of the vibration suppression for the overall machine-tool structure, while the influence of the structure damping ratio is minor.

摘要...i
Abstract...ii
誌謝...iv
目錄...v
表目錄...vii
圖目錄...viii
符號說明...ix
第一章 前言...1
1.1 研究背景...1
1.2 研究動機與目的...1
1.3 文獻回顧...2
1.4 論文架構...7
第二章 理論基礎...8
2.1 頻率響應函數...8
2.2 阻尼...12
2.3 赫茲接觸理論...12
2.4 簡諧分析...13
2.5 瞬態分析...14
第三章 模態分析方法與模型驗證...15
3.1 模態分析概述...15
3.1.1 數值模態分析...17
3.1.2 實驗模態分析...18
3.1.3 實驗方法與步驟...19
3.2 材料性質鑑別...22
3.2.1 實驗方法與步驟...22
3.2.2 單部件佈點之位置...25
3.2.3 結果與討論...28
第四章 介面剛性與阻尼鑑別...40
4.1 組合件間滑塊與線軌介面剛性...41
4.1.1 接觸方式評估...41
4.1.2 結果與討論...42
4.2 地腳介面剛性...47
4.2.1 地腳介面剛性評估...48
4.2.2 結果與討論...48
4.3 結構阻尼比...52
4.3.1 結構阻尼比評估...52
4.3.2 結果與討論...53
4.4 滑塊介面與地腳阻尼...55
4.3.1 滑塊介面與地腳阻尼評估...55
4.3.2 結果與討論...56
第五章 結論...59
參考文獻...60
附錄A...63
Extended Abstract...64

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