臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本研究在發展一聚丙烯之複合材料，以針對高壓電容之高分子介電薄膜之應用材料。採用塑譜儀將聚丙烯塑膠粒與奈米雲母接枝氧化石墨烯粉體進行混煉，並使用馬來酸酐來改質基材增加介面親合性。本實驗使用奈米雲母接枝氧化石墨烯粉體，由於氧化石墨烯與奈米雲母表面並未具任何官能基或及離子鍵可以鍵結，在一般環境下容易產生團聚，因此使用乙烯基三甲氧基矽烷利用溶液迴流法使奈米雲母表面產生反應性官能團，將氧化石墨烯加入溶液中使其貼附於奈米雲母表面，使層狀無機物產生官能基，使無機物能夠相容於聚丙烯中使材料混和更均勻。
先將原材奈米雲母透過SEM、XRD進行結構觀察以及表面形貌。溶液回流法使奈米雲母接枝氧化石墨烯，由FTIR分析官能基種類及特徵吸收峰並使用SEM及XRD觀察吸附的狀況和結構的改變。塑譜儀混煉並進行單軸拉膜，使用SEM觀察表面型態，從介電常數量測觀察氧化石墨烯和奈米雲母的添加有助於提高介電常數，添加奈米雲母對於介電強度是有提升。奈米雲母的添加對於抗拉強度是有助於增加，但隨著氧化石墨烯增加對於抗拉強度及應變產生了影響，整體而言奈米雲母與氧化石墨烯的添加對於介電性質有補強的效果，但損失部分的機械強度。

This study is developing a composite material of polypropylene for the application of polymer dielectric films for high voltage capacitors. Polypropylene plastic granules and nano mica grafted graphene oxide powder are mixed by a plastometer, and PPgMA was used to modify the substrate to increase interface compatibility.
This experiment uses nano mica powder grafted graphene oxide. Since the surface of graphene oxide and nano mica does not have any functional groups or ionic bonds, it can be easily agglomerated in a group of environments. Therefore, that was solution reflux method to produce reactive functional groups on the surface of nano mica by Vinyltrimethoxysilane.
Graphene oxide is added to the reflux method to attach on the surface of the nano mica, so that the layered inorganic substance generates a functional group. The inorganic substance can be compatible with the polypropylene to make the material mixture more uniform.
First, the original material nano mica was observed by SEM and XRD for structure observation and surface morphology. The refluxing method was used to analyze the functional group species and characteristic absorption peaks of nanometer mica grafted graphene oxide by FTIR and observe the adsorption state and structure change by SEM and XRD. The plastometer mixes and uniaxially pulls the film that is used to SEM observation of the surface state. The addition of graphene oxide and nano mica can improve the dielectric. Constant, adding nano mica has an improvement in dielectric strength. The addition of nano mica contributes to the increase in tensile strength, but as the increase in graphene oxide has an effect on tensile strength and strain. In general, the addition of nano mica and graphene oxide has a reinforcing effect on the dielectric properties, but loses part of the mechanical strength.

摘要......i
Abstract......iii
誌謝......v
目錄......vi
表目錄......x
圖目錄......xi
第一章 序論......1
1.1前言......1
1.2研究方法與目的......2
第二章 理論基礎與文獻回顧......3
2.1奈米材料概論......3
2.1.1奈米材料定義......3
2.1.2奈米複合材料之特性......3
2.2二維材料介紹......4
2.2.1雲母介紹......4
2.2.2碳材介紹......6
2.3矽烷偶聯劑(無機物表面改質)......7
2.4聚丙烯......10
2.5相容劑改質原理(PPgMA)......11
2.6 高分子與無機物複合材料之製備......12
2.6.1 層間插入法......12
2.6.2溶液法......12
2.6.3原位聚合法......12
2.6.4粒子直接分散法......13
2.6.5雙螺桿混煉機......13
2.7 高分子薄膜應用與製程......14
2.7.1 平膜押出製程......14
2.7.2 雙向拉伸製程[31]......14
2.8介電原理......14
2.8.1極化現象......15
2.8.2介電性質與頻率的關係......17
2.8.3介電鬆弛[36]......18
2.9 熱性質分析......19
2.9.1示差掃描熱分析(DSC)......19
2.9.2熱重分析(TGA)......19
2.10拉伸試驗原理......20
2.10.1 楊氏係數(Young’s Modulus)......20
2.10.2 降伏強度(Yield Strength)......20
2.10.3 極限抗拉強度(Ultimate tensile strength, UTS)......21
2.10.4 延性(Ductility)......21
2.10.5 應力與應變......21
第三章 實驗方法與步驟......22
3.1實驗流程......22
3.2 奈米雲母與石墨烯介面活性處理......22
3.3滾煉法製備高分子複合薄膜......23
3.4實驗材料......25
3.5 實驗設備......27
3.6分析儀器原理簡介......30
3.6.1 光學顯微鏡(OM)......30
3.6.2 掃描式電子顯微鏡(SEM)......30
3.6.4 X光繞射分析(X-ray diffraction，XRD)......30
3.6.5 傅立葉轉換紅外線光譜分析(FTIR Spectronmeter)......31
3.6.6 熱差掃描量熱分析熱重分析(TGA/DSC)......31
3.6.7 LCR meter......31
3.6.8萬能試驗機......32
第四章結果與討論......36
4.1實驗用奈米雲母......36
4.2 奈米雲母與氧化石墨烯接官能基......39
.4.2.1 電子顯微鏡分析(SEM)......39
4.2.2 X光繞射分析(XRD)......40
4.2.3 傅立葉轉換紅外線光譜分析(FTIR Spectronmeter)......46
4.3 聚丙烯與奈米雲母和氧化石墨烯混煉......48
4.3.1 X光繞射分析(XRD)......48
4.3.2電子顯微鏡(SEM)......49
4.3.3 傅立葉轉換紅外線光譜分析(FTIR Spectronmeter)......54
4.3.4 示差掃描熱分析(DSC)......56
4.3.5 熱重分析儀(TGA)......56
4.3.6 介電常數量測......58
4.3.7 介電強度量測......58
4.3.8 拉伸試驗......59
第五章 結論......68
參考文獻......69
Extended Abstract......73

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