臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

隨著科技的日新月異，人們對產品的精度要求也越來越高，精密加工技術已成為現代機械製造中最重要的發展方向，然而旋轉精度是工具機加工一直以來都存在的議題。而導致主軸旋轉誤差的原因主要包含機台內部轉動元件(例如：主軸馬達、承軸…等)、加工器件、週邊設備、環境氣溫…等，上述這些因素的互相影響，最終造成工具機生產精度降低。
本研究針對CNC五軸工具機之主軸偏擺來製作一套具備USB3.1 Gen1超高速介面的資料擷取與量測系統，並應用於工具機的補償修正技術上。本系統是由感測器模組、類比訊號處理模組、資料擷取模組與使用者應用程式組成。
其中，感測器模組包括四組雷射光源、四組四象限感測器(Quadrant Detector, QD)與球透鏡模組所組成，用於感測工具機高速主軸切銷的偏擺狀態。類比訊號處理模組用來降低電路雜訊以及放大感測器微小訊號。而資料擷取模組則採用現場可程式閘陣列(Field Programmable Gate Array, FPGA)做為主要處理核心，利用序列周邊介面(Serial Peripheral Interface, SPI)接收類比數位轉換器(Analog/Digital Converter, ADC)的資料，並使用Cypress公司所推出的EZ-USB FX3晶片組作為與電腦傳輸資料的溝通橋樑。將所接收的資料，透過使用者應用程式即可顯示當前工具機主軸偏擺狀態。
最後透過本研究開發的USB3.1資料擷取裝置可提供更為即時的量測資訊，其中，16個通道的個別取樣率最高可達166.66Ksps(Sample per second)，使CNC五軸工具機能更為精準的調整與校正。另外亦可取代市面上高階的資料擷取卡，同時可加速CNC五軸工具機產業的發展，並增加與國內外工具機產業競爭力。

In this paper, a set of data acquisition and measurement system with USB3.1 Gen1 ultra-high-speed interface was made for the spindle yaw of CNC five-axis machine tool, and it was applied to the compensation correction technology of machine tool. The system consists of a sensor module, an analog signal processing module, a data capture module and a user application.
The sensor module comprises four sets of laser light sources, four sets of four quadrant sensors (QD) and a ball lens module, which are used for sensing the yaw state of the high speed spindle cutting pin of the machine tool. The analog signal processing module is used to reduce circuit noise and amplify the tiny signals of the sensor. The Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) is utilized in the data acquisition module as the main processing core, and the serial peripheral interface is adopted to receive the analog digital converter, and the EZ-USB FX3 chipset (Cypress) is appplied as a bridge to communicate data with computers. The received data can be displayed through the user application to display the current tool spindle yaw state.
Finally, the USB 3.1 data acquisition device developed through this research can provide more accurate measurement information. The individual sampling rate of 16 channels can reach up to 166.66Ksps, which makes the CNC five-axis tool function more precise adjustment. Correction. In addition, it can also replace high-end data acquisition cards on the market, and accelerate the development of the CNC five-axis machine tool industry and increase the competitiveness of the domestic and international machine tool industry.

摘要...i
Abstract...ii
誌謝...iii
目錄...iv
表目錄...vi
圖目錄...viii
第一章 緒論...1
1.1 研究背景...1
1.2 研究目的...1
1.3 國內外相關之研究情況...2
1.4 論文章節概述...3
第二章 系統原理...4
2.1 四象限位置感測器...4
2.2 運算放大器ADA4807-4...6
2.3 SPI通訊協定...7
2.4 nRF24L01+通訊模組...9
2.5 LTC2358-18 ADC...11
2.6 USB通訊協定...12
2.6.1 USB匯流排架構...13
2.6.2 USB通訊概念...15
2.6.3 USB傳輸類型...16
2.6.4 USB3.1 Gen1 概述...19
2.7 Cypress EZ-USB FX3...22
2.7.1 FX3特性介紹...23
2.7.2 FX3架構介紹...24
2.7.3 GPIF II介紹...26
2.8 EP4CE22E22C6 Intel / Altera FPGA...28
2.9 雷射干涉儀原理介紹...29
第三章 系統設計...30
3.1 系統架構...30
3.2 類比訊號處理設計...33
3.2.1 類比訊號轉換與放大...33
3.2.2 類比數位轉換器...35
3.3 數位訊號擷取裝置設計...39
3.3.1 FPGA設計...39
3.3.2 nRF24L01+無線傳輸模組設計...40
3.4 USB裝置設計...42
3.4.1 同步Slave FIFO...42
3.4.2 韌體程式設計...43
3.5 使用者應用程式設計...45
3.5.1 裝置連接...46
3.5.2 應用程式介面...47
第四章 系統實驗與驗證...50
4.1 資料擷取裝置列舉測試...50
4.2 資料擷取裝置同步擷取驗證...52
4.3 資料擷取裝置傳輸速率測試...55
4.4 感測器模組量測實驗測試...56
4.4.1 設定階段...56
4.4.2 校正階段...58
4.4.3 驗證階段...68
4.5 實驗結果分析...73
4.6 系統驗證...76
4.7 主軸偏擺量測實驗...82
4.8 產品比較...87
第五章 總結...88
5.1 結論...88
5.2 未來展望...88
參考文獻...90
Extended Abstract...92

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