本論文的主要目標，是利用微生物來降低家禽所排放出的臭味，以及進一步將家禽排泄物應用於植物生長。本實驗嘗試從鵪鶉糞便、汙水、堆肥所分離的569支菌株中，挑選出具有降解氨氣與亞硝酸鹽等能力的菌種；在定量硫酸氨與亞硝酸鈉培養基測試中，挑選出7株較具有降解效果之菌種，並利用此兩類型微生物實際處理鵪鶉糞便，發現可有效降低臭味之能力。經鑑定顯示，這些菌都是廣泛地存在於自然環境中常見菌種，如H16為表皮葡萄球菌﹙Brevibacterium epidermidis﹚、CA2-1為芽孢桿菌﹙Bacillus velezensis﹚、CB5H4-5為地衣芽孢桿菌﹙Bacillus licheniformis﹚、C2B3-4為鮑曼不動桿菌﹙Acinetobacter baumannii﹚、N25為地衣芽孢桿菌﹙Bacillus licheniformis﹚、3-11為澱粉芽孢桿菌﹙Bacillus amyloliquefaciens﹚及2-23為短桿菌﹙Brevibacterium sediminis﹚。
經由氣相層析儀器﹙Gas chromatography﹚分析顯示，降解吲哚﹙Indole﹚臭味，澱粉芽孢桿菌3-11具有降解67.63 %能力，其次是短桿菌2-23菌株可降解58.88 %、地衣芽孢桿菌N25菌株可降解63.15 %、地衣芽孢桿菌CB5H4-5菌株可降解34.68 %、市售混合菌可降解24.42 %及市售生物除臭劑可降解44.72 %；對降解糞臭素﹙Methyindole﹚而言，澱粉芽孢桿菌3-11可降解52.87 %能力，其次是短桿菌2-23菌株可降解54.46 %、地衣芽孢桿菌N25菌株可以降解50.79 %、地衣芽孢桿菌CB5H4-5菌株可降解糞臭素34.02 %、市售混合菌可降解糞臭素46.87 %、至於市售生物除臭劑則可降解糞臭素93.02 %；另外將含有短桿菌2-23菌株之鵪鶉排泄物直接施肥於小白菜生長的結果，顯示與自來水組相比有效促進作物鮮重29.96 %與乾重37.88 %的重量，和使用市售生物除臭劑組相比有增加23.08 %的葉片總面積，因此在穩定降解臭味及對作物生長效果而言，這些菌種在未來應具有發展成為生物除臭劑或廢水處理製劑或堆肥潛力。

The main goal of this thesis intended to use microbes to reduce the odor emitted by coturnix excrement and to further apply the coturnix excrement with the microbes to promote plant growth. In this study, we tried to select the effective strains with the ability to degrade ammonia and nitrite from 569 strains isolated from manure, sewage and compost. In the quantitative ammonium sulfate and sodium nitrite medium tests, 7 strains with more degrading effects were selected. And use these microorganisms to actually treat the coturnix excrement and find the ability to effectively reduce the odor. It has been identified that these effective bacteria are common in a wide range of natural environments, For sequence analysis of the strains, the results showed that H16 strain was assigned Brevibacterium epidermidis, CA2-1 strain was Bacillus velezensis, CB5H4-5 strain was is Bacillus licheniformis, C2B3-4 strain was Acinetobacter baumannii, N25 strain was Bacillus licheniformis, 3-11 strain was Bacillus amyloliquefaciens and 2-23 strain was Brevibacterium sediminis.
Analysis by gas chromatography showed that the indole odor was degraded by these strains, B. amyloliquefaciens strain 3-11 had the ability to degrade 67.63 %, Br. sediminis strain 2-23 could degrade 58.88 %, B. licheniformis strain N25 could degrade 63.15 %, B. licheniformis strain CB5H4-5 could degrade 34.68 %, commercial mixed bacteria could degrade 24.42 % and commercial biodeodorant could degrade 44.72 %. For the degradation of methylindole, B. amyloliquefaciens 3-11 could degrade 52.87 %, Br. sediminis strain 2-23 could degrade 54.46 %, B. licheniformis strain N25 could degrade 50.79 %, B. licheniformis strain CB5H4-5 could degrade 34.02 %, commercial mixed bacteria could degrade 46.87 %, and commercial biodeodorant could degrade 93.02 %. In addition, coturnix excreta with the bacterial strain was also mixed with soils by diluted 200 fold as fertilizer to crop growth, The results showed strain 2-23 of Br. sediminis following treatment by B.velezensis CA2-1 that there be significant increase growth-parameters, such as fresh-weight and dry-wieght of Chinese cabbage compared with untreated control. Taken together, these strains should have the potential to develop into biodeodorants or environmental protection agents or excreta composts in the future.

摘要…………………………………………………………..i
Abstract………………………………………………………….ii
誌謝…………………………………………………………..iii
目錄………………………………………………………….iv
表目錄…………………………………………………………..vi
圖目錄…………………………………………………………..vii
第一章 緒論…………….…………………………….....……….1
第二章 文獻回顧………………………………………………...2
2.1 日本鵪鶉…….…………………………………………..2
2.2 排泄物臭味來源….……………………………………..2
2.3 現今除臭的方法……………………………………...…2
2.4 目前常見生物除臭劑商品之菌種.…………………......3
2.5 目前發現已有降解氨效果之菌種………………….…..3
2.6 禽類排泄物之成分與應用………………………….…..4
2.7 氨的降解作用機制………………………………….…..4
2.8 硝酸鹽（NO3-）…………………….……………...…..5
2.9 不結球白菜（Brassica rapa chinensis）……………...…..5
2.10 專利檢索……………………………………...……..…..5
第三章 材料與方法……………………………………………...12
3.1 試驗材料………………………………………………...12
3.1.1 供試菌株來源…………………………….…..………....12
3.1.2 供試鵪鶉排泄物材料來源……………………...……....12
3.1.3 供試鵪鶉來源………………………………...………....12
3.2 試驗方法………………………………………...……....12
3.2.1 堆肥菌株活化及培養………………………...………....12
3.2.2 測試菌株保存……………………………………...…....13
3.2.3 篩選具備分解氨能力之菌株……………………...…....13
3.2.4 液態氨濃度的檢測……………………………...……....14
3.2.5 篩選可代謝亞硝酸鈉之硝酸菌種……………...……....14
3.2.6 液態亞硝酸濃度的檢測………………………...……....14
3.2.7 菌株間拮抗作用之對峙試驗…………………...……....14
3.2.8 氨氣採集製備瓶與養殖場測試…………………...…....15
3.3 糞臭素與吲哚含量分析…………………………...…....15
3.3.1 分析條件設定…………………………………………...15
3.4 溫室試驗………………………………………...……....16
3.4.1 將含有菌株之鵪鶉排泄物對作物生長影響測試….......16
3.4.2 小白菜生長測定因子…………………………...……....16
3.4.3 統計分析…………………………………………….......16
3.5 菌種鑑定…………………………………………….......16
3.5.1 Genomic DNA 抽取………………………..……….......16
3.5.2 Polymerase chain reaction, PCR………………………...17
3.5.3 16s rDNA之基因定序與分析……………………….....17
第四章 結果……………………………………………………...18
4.1 分離氨與亞硝酸降解能力之菌株…………………...…18
4.2 菌種鑑定結果……………………………………...…....18
4.3 影響菌株對NH4+降解能力的因子測試……………....19
4.4 菌株之對峙測試……………………………...………....20
4.5 降解鵪鶉排泄物臭味測試……………………...……....21
4.6 排泄物降解後施肥影響…………………………...…....21
4.7 養殖場臭味降解之測試…………………………...…....22
第五章 討論……………………………………………………...24
第六章 結論……………………………………………………...27
參考文獻 …………………………………………………………...49
附錄…………………………………………………………...57
Extended Abstrac…………………………………………………………...68

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