心電圖(ECG)在醫療上除了被用來當作診斷相關心臟疾病外，也常被運用於判斷人體的健康與情緒狀態。但一般用於醫療診斷的心電圖機器皆只有抓取到心跳訊號後即時秀圖在螢幕上，並沒有將這些心跳訊號儲存下來，因此無法對這些心跳訊號做更進一步的分析。有鑑如此，本論文主要的目的是要設計可擷取心跳訊號並儲存的系統，共設計出兩套：一套為利用微電腦與電路設計，完成單晶片ECG收集裝置系統；另一套為利用工業級電腦Industrial Personal Computer (IPC)當主體完成的IPC ECG收集裝置系統。此兩套系統皆可擷取龐大的心跳訊號並儲存起來，以利事後的分析。

在本論文後段亦有系統測試結果與心跳訊號分析。系統測試包括：1使用自製完成的單晶片ECG收集裝置系統去收集一個正常人騎腳踏車(獨自騎腳踏車和載人騎腳踏車)環繞校園(騎腳踏車的期間會經過一些小山丘)的心跳訊號；2.收集十個正常人一般情況的心跳以及運動時後的心跳；3.使用IPC ECG收集裝置系統到亞東醫院心臟內科ICU(Intensive Care Unit)抓取AMI(Acute Myocardial Infarction)病人的心跳訊號；而心跳訊號分析方面則是將收集到的心跳訊號以傳統(Power Spectral)及非傳統(Detrended Fluctuation Analysis (DFA) 、Rank Order-Frequency Statistics)的分析方法分析。此系統測試與心跳訊號分析一方面驗證了自製ECG收集裝置的可行性，另一方面也得知Similarity、LFP/HFP、HFP/TF分析會因為受測者外在因素的改變(例如受測者處於一般情況和受測者處於運動情況)而改變其結果，唯有利用DFA理論分析不會因為受測者外在因素的改變而改變其數值。

Complex physiologic signals may carry unique dynamic signatures that are related to their underlying mechanisms. Based on non-traditional methods, such as detrended fluctuation analysis (DFA) and rank order statistics (ROS) of symbolic sequences, and traditional method, such as power spectral analysis, we applied these methods to heart rate variability (HRV) in intensive care units (ICU) in order to determine which indexes are more accurate to help doctors diagnose patients in an ICU more rapidly in the future. Thirty three patients with 27 light cases and 6 serious cases of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) patients at hospital in ICU were studied as group A. This group was collected electrocardiograph (ECG) signals lasting around 60 min using an industrial personal computer (IPC). Ten college student volunteers as group B for comparison with group A also provided ECG signals lasting around 60 min using PIC microprocessor technology. It was found that DFA can clearly distinguish pathologic states of AMI patients in ICU in comparison with the healthy group. However, the ROS and power spectral analysis are more sensitive to the status of either AMI patients or volunteers.

目錄

封面…………………………………………………... i
書名頁………………………………………………... ii
論文指導教授推薦函………………………………... iii
論文口試委員審定書………………………………... iv
博碩士論文電子檔案上網授權書…………………... v
授權書………………………………………………... vi
博碩士論文授權書…………………………………... vii
中文摘要……………………………………………... ix
英文摘要……………………………………………... x
誌謝…………………………………………………... xi
目錄…………………………………………………... xii
表目錄………………………………………………... xv
圖目錄…………………………………………….…. xvi
第一章 緒論………………………………………... 1
1.1 研究背景……………………………………….. 1
1.2 文獻回顧……………………………………….. 1
1.3 研究目的……………………………………….. 2
1.4 章節介紹……………………………………….. 3
1.5 本章結論……………………………………….. 3
第二章 收集心電圖(ECG)的系統設計……………. 5
2.1 單晶片ECG收集裝置系統整體架構……………. 5
2.1.1 類比電路…………………………………… 6
(A) 放大電路………………………………….. 6
(B) 濾波電路………………………………….. 7
(C) offset電路………………………………….. 9
2.1.2 數位電路…………………………………… 9
(A) 單晶片基本電路…………………………… 9
(a) 降壓電路………………………………... 10
(b) 振盪電路……………………………….. 10
(c) 重置電路……………………………….. 11
(d) RS232電路……………………………… 12
(B) 單晶片韌體設計…………………………... 12
(a) A/D轉換模組……………………………. 13
(b) 泛用同步非同步傳送接收器模組………... 13
(c) SPI(Serial Peripheral Interface)串列通訊模組……………………………………… 14
(C) Multi Media Card(MMC)記憶卡……………. 14
(a) MMC記憶卡的選購……………………... 14
(b) MMC記憶卡的接腳說明………………… 15
(c) 讀取MMC記憶卡的程式說明…………… 15
(D) 單晶片ECG收集裝置系統………………... 16
(E) 單晶片ECG收集裝置系統測試…………… 16
2.1.3 軟體介面………………………………….. 17
2.2 Industrial Personal Computer(IPC) ECG收集裝置系統整體架構………………………………………. 18
2.2.1 IPC………………………………………… 19
(A) PC104規格………………………………... 19
(B) IPC所使用的記憶體……………………….. 20
(C) IPC所使用的硬碟…………………………. 20
(D) IPC的擴充槽……………………………… 21
(E) IPC的週邊配備……………………………. 22
2.2.2 研華advantech的ADDA卡………………… 23
2.2.3 作業系統………………………………….. 23
2.2.4 IPC ECG收集裝置系統…………………….. 23
2.2.5 IPC ECG收集裝置系統的應用軟體………… 25
2.3 本章結論………………………………………. 26
第三章 實際實驗環境說明…………………………… 27
3.1 騎腳踏車環繞校園……………………………... 27
3.2 量測健康人在不同情況下的心跳訊號………….. 29
3.3 到亞東醫院的心臟內科ICU……………………. 32
3.4 本章結論………………………………………. 33
第四章 傳統和非傳統式的分析方法…………………. 34
4.1 傳統的分析方法……………………………….. 34
4.1.1 Power Spectral分析理論……………………. 34
4.2 非傳統的分析方法…………………………….. 36
4.2.1 Detreded Fluctuation Analysis(DFA)分析理論… 36
4.2.2 Rank Order-Frequency Statistics分析理論…… 38
(A) Rank Order-Frequency Statistics分析概念…… 38
(a)二進位數列法(Binary sequence) ………….. 38
(b) m-bit取樣法(m-bitsampling) …………….. 39
(c)機率化(Probability) ………………………. 39
(d) Zipf’s Law法則………………………….. 40
(e) Rank order comparison plot……………….. 40
(f) Rank order Distance………………………. 41
(B) Rank Order Distance的探討………………... 41
4.3 分析結果………………………………………. 41
4.3.1 騎腳踏車環繞校園的心跳訊號分析結果…… 42
4.3.2 量測健康人在不同情況下的心跳訊號分析結果………………………………………… 43
4.3.2 到亞東紀念醫院心臟內科ICU抓AMI的病人. 46
4.4 本章結論……………………………………… 47
第五章 結論與未來展望……………………………… 49
5.1 結論…………………………………………… 49
5.2 未來展望………………………………………. 50
參考文獻……………………………………………... 51
附錄A. 類比電路完整圖……………………………... 53
附錄B. 數位電路完整圖……………………………... 54
附錄C. 單晶片ECG收集裝置系統完整電路圖……….. 55
附錄D. 一般情況下的受測者同意書………………….. 56
附錄E. 運動情況下的受測者同意書………………….. 57

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