國民幸福感指數(GNH)最早由不丹國王旺楚克所提出，他認為政府施政應以促進人民的幸福為目標。而後經濟合作暨發展組織(OECD)與聯合國(UN)等相繼投入幸福感及其指標的研究。我國在2013年8月首次公布國民幸福指數。幸福感是一種主觀的感受，影響幸福感的因素不勝枚舉，近年來社會凝聚力議題越來越受到重視，瑞士洛桑國際管理學院(IMD)所發表的世界競爭力年報中，就以社會凝聚力為國家競爭力的重要因素之一，也有學者提出社會凝聚力對主觀的幸福感有其影響。因此本文探討社會凝聚力對幸福感之影響。並以三個面向來定義社會凝聚力，分別為社會關係、社會連結以及關心公共事務。

台灣與香港在過去十多年，經歷了許多類似的轉變，外在方面皆與中國大陸之關係愈來愈密切，對內各自對於民間發起的社會運動有著豐富的經歷。而相似的社會發展過程下，台灣與香港社會對幸福感的感受和影響因子是變得更加一致或出現區隔，值得進一步探討。

本研究採用2010年台灣與香港社會意向調查，並且利用Ordered Probit Model來進行實證分析。實證結果顯示社會凝聚面向有助於瞭解台灣與香港幸福感受的差異，台灣民眾注重的是社會連結(安全感、公平感、成就感)，而香港則是重視社會關係(信任感、人際關係)。由於台灣與香港重視社會未來發展方向的差異，若未來政府欲提高國民幸福感，政策方針可因地制宜，以提升民眾的凝聚力。

Gross National Happiness (GNH) was proposed in 1972 by Bhutan's fourth Dragon King, Jigme Singye Wangchuck, who suggested that promoting people’s happiness should be government’s political priority. After that, Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) and United Nations (UN) also devoted their attentions to the research of happiness and its’ indexes. Then, Taiwan has first announced GNH in August, 2013. Since happiness is a subjective emotion, the factors that might influence happiness can be numerous. There has been a great deal of emphasis in social cohesion. In the IMD World Competitiveness Yearbook of International Institute for Management Development (IMD), social cohesion has been considered one of the important factors influencing national competitiveness. There are also various researchers proposed that social cohesion affects subjective happiness. Therefore, this paper continues exploring the social cohesion effect on subjective happiness. We defined social cohesion from three perspectives: social relations, social connections and the care of public affairs.

Taiwan and Hong Kong have experienced several similar changes for the past decades. From the external perspective, their relationships between China have never been closer, from the internal perspective, they both have plenty experiences in the social activities launched by the republic. Therefore, it might be worthwhile to explore whether or not the happiness receptions and factors might be the same between Taiwan and Hong Kong.

Our research adopted the Social Image Surveys of Taiwan and Hong Kong in 2010, using ordered probit model to analyze. The results showed that social cohesion contributed to the differences of happiness reception of Taiwan and HK; people in Taiwan focus on social connection (security, fairness, and achievement), while people in HK emphasis on social relationship (trust and interpersonal relationship). Since that Taiwan and HK have different focus on social development, therefore, governments of Taiwan and HK should adopt different and suitable approach to elevate GHN in order to build social cohesion.

目錄

第一章 緒論
第一節 研究背景與動機 1
第二節 研究目的與方法 8
第三節 研究架構 9
第二章 文獻回顧
第一節 幸福感 10
第二節 社會凝聚力 14
第三節 幸福感與社會凝聚力 19
第四節 香港相關研究-社會變遷 20
第三章 理論基礎與模型設定
第一節 理論基礎 22
第二節 模型設定 25
第四章 資料來源與變數分析
第一節 資料來源 27
第二節 變數分析 28
第三節 敘述統計分析 37
第四節 缺漏樣本 46
第五章 實證結果
第一節 幸福感實證結果 48
第二節 生活滿意度實證結果 59
第六章 結論與建議
第一節 結論 68
第二節 未來研究方向與建議 70
第三節 資料限制 71
參考文獻 72
附錄 79

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