臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

蛋白質為提供動物健康生長飼料中之重要部分。目前較常用的蛋白質來源為動物蛋白，例如：血粉、魚粉、骨粉等，來源已有短缺現象。使用植物性蛋白，彌補上述短缺，已成為重要選項。而將棉籽，或棉籽粕作為補充蛋白質的來源也是一個不錯的選擇。然而，目前已有一些棉仔中的棉酚毒素對動物造成傷害的報導。管轄單位對棉酚含量，已訂有允許上限 ( 例如：豬 60 ppm、肉雞 100 ppm )。添加吸附棉酚毒素之吸附劑，以保護動物免受其害，為一種實際可行的方法。由於棉酚毒素分子間的化學結構相似，黴菌毒素吸附劑是在這應用程序上的不錯選擇。本研究室測試兩種黴菌毒素吸附劑：Calibrin-A和Calibrin-Z對於棉酚的吸附進行了實驗，在磷酸鹽緩衝溶液中，利用高效液相層析儀用於棉酚含量的定量。實驗結果顯示，這兩種毒素吸附劑，在高劑量添加下，均可吸附棉酚（例如：90 mg/ 20 mL，和2 ppm的棉酚）。

Protein is an important component in feed for healthy animal growth. Currently there are shortages in most commonly used protein sources for animal protein, namely, blood meal, fish meal, bone meal etc. Vegetable protein has been considered to compensate shuch shortages. Cottonseed and its meal are good choices for such purpose. However, there have been concerns about the toxic effect of gossypol naturally occurred in cottonseed that might be harmful to the animal. Regulatory limit allowances of gossypol have been announced (e.g. 60 ppm for swine, 100 ppm for broilers). A practical solution would be the addition of gossypol binder that will adsorb gossypol and leave the animal unharmed. Due to the similarities in chemical structures between gossypol and mycotoxin molecules, mycotoxin adsorbent is a candidate in such application. This research studied the adsorption of gossypol on two types of mycotoxin binders: Calibrin-A and Calibrin-Z. Experiments were carried out in phosphate buffers. HPLC was used to quantify gossypol concentrations. Results showed that these two mycotoxin adsorbents both bound gossypol at high dosage (e.g. 90 mg / 20 mL, and 2 ppm gossypol).

目 錄
中文摘要 I
英文摘要 II
謝誌 III
目錄 V
圖目錄 VIII
表目錄 IX
第一章 緒論
1.1 緒論…………………………………………. ……………………………..1
第二章 文獻回顧
2.1 棉酚 ( Gossypol )……………………………………………..……………3
2.2 棉籽油 ( Cottonseed oil )……………………………………………..……6
2.3 棉籽粕 ( Cottonseed meal )………………………………….………..……7
2.4 棉酚的脫毒方法……………………………………………………………8
2.4.1 物理脫毒法…………………………………………………………….8
2.4.2 化學脫毒法…………………………………………………………….9
2.4.3 溶劑萃取法…………………………………………………………...10
2.4.4 生物脫毒法…………………………………………………………...10
2.4.5 存在的問題…………………………………………………………...11
2.5 飼料添加劑 ( Feed Additives ) …………………………..….…….……..11
2.5.1 飼料添加劑的分類…………………………………………………...12
2.5.2 飼料添加劑的功用……………………………………………...……12
2.5.3 動物性蛋白飼料原料的分類…………………………………..…….13
2.5.4 動物性蛋白質………………………………………………………...14
2.5.5 植物性蛋白質………………………………………………………...14
2.5.6 其他類蛋白質………………………………………………………...15
2.6 蛋白質飼料的發展及應用………………………………………....……..15
2.7 吸附劑……………………………………………………………...……...16
2.7.1 壤礦物質…………………………………………………………..….16
2.7.2 土壤表面積…………………………………………………………...17
2.7.3 土壤孔隙大小分佈…………………………………………………...17
2.7.4 土壤吸附汙染物的機制……………………………………………...18
2.7.5 吸附作用的分類………………………………………….….……….18
2.7.6 影響吸附能力之因素……………………………………………..….20
2.8 加利百靈吸附劑 ( Calibrin )…………………………………...………...20
2.8.1 加利百靈吸附機制…………………………………………………...21
2.8.2 加利百靈結構組成………………………………………………...…21
第三章 材料與實驗方法
3.1 藥品與器材……………………………………………………….……….23
3.2 藥品配製…………………………………………………………………..25
3.3 實驗步驟…………………………………………………………………..26
3.3.1 不同溫度條件…………………………………………………….…..26
3.3.2 不同轉速條件………………………………………………………...28
3.3.3 棉酚吸附測試………………………………………………………...30
第四章 結果與討論
4.1 前言..……………………………………………………………………..32
4.2 試驗最佳條件……………………..…..…………………………………34
4.3 Calibrin 吸附劑對 GOS 吸附率之測試……….…………....................41
4.4 Calibrin-Z 吸附劑在不同 pH 條件對棉酚吸附力之比較……………50
4.5 Calibrin-A 吸附劑在不同 pH 條件對棉酚吸附力之比較……………51
4.6 吸附劑在不同 pH 條件對棉酚吸附力之比較………………………...52
4.7 吸附劑在不同 pH 條件對棉酚吸附力之比較………………………...53
第五章 結論
5.1 結論………………………………………………………………………..54
參考文獻……………………………………………………………………….56

圖 目 錄
圖 2 - 1 棉酚 ( Gossypol ) 結構式………………….………………………...4
圖 2 - 2 土壤表面吸附污染物示意圖……………….………….……...…….17
圖 2 - 3 Calibrin 吸附劑示意圖…………………………………………….20
圖 2 - 4 加利百靈電子掃描顯微鏡示意圖…………………………………..21
圖 3 - 1 溫度對於棉酚影響測試步驟流程圖………….. …………………...27
圖 3 - 2 轉速對於棉酚影響測試步驟流程圖…………………..……………29
圖 3 - 3 黴菌毒素吸附劑對於棉酚吸附率測試步驟流程圖………...……...31
圖 4 - 1 在不同 pH 條件溫度對棉酚之影響……………………………….38
圖 4 - 2 Calibrin-Z 在不同 pH 條件下轉速對棉酚吸附率之影響………39
圖 4 - 3 Calibrin-A 在不同 pH 條件下轉速對棉酚吸附率之影響………40
圖 4 - 4 在 pH 3.0 條件下添加 Calibrin-Z 對棉酚吸附率之層析圖…....42
圖 4 - 5 在 pH 3.0 條件下添加 Calibrin-A 對棉酚吸附率之層析圖……43
圖 4 - 6 在 pH 5.5 條件下添加 Calibrin-Z 對棉酚吸附率之層析圖..…..44
圖 4 - 7 在 pH 5.5 條件下添加 Calibrin-A 對棉酚吸附率之層析圖……45
圖 4 - 8 Calibrin-Z 在不同 pH 條件下對棉酚吸附率之影響……………50
圖 4 - 9 Calibrin-A 在不同 pH 條件下對棉酚吸附率之影響……………51
圖 4 - 10 吸附劑在pH 3.0條件下對棉酚吸附率之影響……………….…52
圖 4 - 11 吸附劑在 pH 5.5條件下對棉酚吸附率之影響…..….………….53

表 目 錄
表 2 - 1 歐盟及各國對飼料中的棉酚含量規定………………………….…..6
表 4 - 1 在不同 pH 條件溫度對棉酚之影響……………………………….35
表 4 - 2 Calibrin-Z 在不同 pH 條件下轉速對棉酚吸附率之影響…...….36
表 4 - 3 Calibrin-A 在不同 pH 條件下轉速對棉酚吸附率之影響……....37
表 4 - 4 在 pH 3.0 條件下添加 Calibrin-Z 與 Calibrin-A 吸附劑對棉酚吸附效果之統計表………………………………………………………..…...47
表 4 - 5 在 pH 5.5 條件下添加 Calibrin-Z 與 Calibrin-A 吸附劑對棉酚吸附效果之統計表………………………………………………………..…...49

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