在全球導航衛星系統(Global Navigation Satellite Systems, GNSS)中，隨著各國衛星系統的建立，未來將朝向多系統以及多頻率結合的發展。在臺灣地區由於中國BDS的建立，將能夠提供更多的觀測衛星數目及不同頻率的觀測資料，因此若能有效結合GPS與BDS將對整數週波值的解算效能有所幫助，進而提供更穩定的即時動態定位成果。在本研究中使用GPS雙頻與BDS三頻真實觀測資料，並分別利用DCAR、TCAR以及一般化DCAR/TCAR演算法來解算單系統與雙系統單一時刻整數週波值，藉此分析GPS與BDS雙系統結合後對於單一時刻整數週波值的解算所帶來的效能改善。研究成果顯示，經由GPS與BDS雙系統的結合後，由於BDS的加入，將提供更多的觀測衛星數量來加強衛星幾何的分布，能有效提升單一時刻整數週波值的求解效能。且當觀測環境處於遮蔽嚴重的地區時，透過雙系統的結合，能夠有效解決單系統因單一時刻觀測衛星數量不足造成無法求解的問題。並在一般情況下，能夠利用二次差分削減大部分電離層延遲誤差時，透過雙系統的結合，能夠有效的解決單系統因電離層延遲誤差影響導致無法提供可靠求解成果的問題。而在定位成果中，由於雙系統的結合可以提供更完整的單一時刻整數週波值解算成果，因此相較於單系統定位成果來說，不管是定位的連續性或者是定位的精度都有所提升。

As the Chinese BeiDou Navigation Satellite System (BDS) has been announced to provide operational service over the Asia-pacific region, it will increase the number of satellites in view and will have a significant effect on ambiguity resolution (AR) for fast and high-accuracy positioning. Thus, it is important to better understand and demonstrate the capabilities of the GPS/BDS combined system. In this thesis, numerical analysis is given to the single-epoch AR and RTK positioning capabilities of the GPS/BDS combined system. This study focuses on dual- and triple-frequency AR by using DCAR, TCAR and generalized DCAR/TCAR methods, and compares the performance between standalone and combined systems. Compared to the performance of GPS-only and BDS-only systems, the GPS/BDS combined system can increase the success rate for single-epoch ambiguity resolution and provide high accuracy RTK positioning.

摘　要 I
ABSTRACT II
誌　謝 VIII
目　錄 IX
表目錄 XI
圖目錄 XII
第一章　緒論 1
§1-1　前言 1
§1-2　研究背景 2
§1-2-1　現代化GPS、GLONASS 2
§1-2-2　新發展Galileo、北斗系統 6
§1-3　文獻回顧 7
§1-4　研究動機及目的 9
§1-5　研究方法 10
第二章　衛星定位基本原理 11
§2-1　觀測量 11
§2-1-1　虛擬距離觀測資料 11
§2-1-2　載波相位觀測資料 12
§2-2　衛星定位誤差來源 14
§2-2-1　軌道誤差 14
§2-2-2　時錶誤差 16
§2-2-3　大氣延遲誤差 17
§2-2-4　天線相位中心偏差 18
§2-2-5　多路徑效應 19
§2-3　相對定位原理 19
§2-3-1　一次差分 20
§2-3-2　二次差分 23
§2-3-3　最小二乘平差法 24
§2-3-4　誤差傳播 25
§2-3-5　LAMBDA整數搜尋法 27
§2-3-6　比率測試 28
第三章　TCAR與DCAR單一時刻整數週波值解算方法 29
§3-1　三頻載波相位觀測量線性組合 29
§3-1-1　二次差分載波相位觀測量線性組合 30
§3-1-2　超寬巷與寬巷組合觀測量 32
§3-1-3　無電離層線性組合觀測量 33
§3-2　單一時刻整數週波值解算 34
§3-2-1　TCAR演算法 34
§3-2-2　DCAR演算法 40
第四章　GPS與BDS雙系統單一時刻定位方法 44
§4-1　雙系統觀測量結合 44
§4-1-1　時間系統 44
§4-1-2　坐標系統 47
§4-2　一般化DCAR/TCAR演算法 47
§4-3　雙系統定位解計算 54
第五章　實驗與成果分析 56
§5-1　實驗方法與流程 56
§5-2　實驗資料 56
§5-3　單一時刻整數週波值求解效能分析方法 58
§5-3-1　成功率 58
§5-3-2　成果檢定 59
§5-4　單一時刻整數週波值解算成果分析 60
§5-4-1　實驗一：單系統與雙系統 60
§5-4-2　實驗二：觀測環境 67
§5-4-2-1　遮蔽之影響 67
§5-4-2-2　電離層延遲之影響 71
§5-4-3　實驗三：定位精度 82
第六章　結論與建議 84
參考文獻 87

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