臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

資訊科技的發展和網際網路的普及，讓既有的知識表現形式透過數位化得以匯聚和保存，並能即時傳至世界各地，達到知識共享的目的。為強化網際網路可乘載資訊的內涵，世界各國紛紛投注資源發展數位典藏、數位圖書館或數位博物館等計畫。相關計畫除將典藏內容數位化，另一項重要的工作為建置典藏內容的後設資料，以協助使用者有效地搜尋所需資源、辨識資源的合適性、區別相似屬性的資源、選擇符合需求的資源，以及取得資源；而後設資料品質是影響滿足前述需求的關鍵因素。過去相關研究多從後設資料的紀錄著眼，討論後設資料著錄內容的完整性、準確性與一致性，但使用者對後設資料著錄內容的想法為何、是否能夠滿足其需求，以及後設資料可否協助使用者有效檢索數位內容等則著墨不多。
本研究採以使用者為中心的可用性評估概念，從查詢、辨識與選擇等面向，針對數位典藏內容所對應的後設資料進行評估研究。研究邀請一般大眾、擁有藏品相關之先備知識的使用者，以及資訊檢索專家等三種不同類型使用者參與，實際利用數位典藏系統進行搜尋任務，再就其檢索經驗從效能、效率與滿意度等三項指標，分析後設資料支援查詢、辨識與選擇數位典藏內容之可用性。
研究發現數位典藏內容不只限於二維概念的文字資料，還包括三維概念的立體形式資料，因此數位化過程中會產生大量圖像資料顯示典藏內容的特質與樣貌，也會以文字式描述其視覺表徵。當使用者以文字或視覺圖像檢索典藏內容時，雖然後設資料內容完整性和著錄一致性，仍是影響參與者對後設資料滿意度的重要因素，但研究亦發現文字與圖像轉譯，對後設資料支援檢索數位典藏內容的效能與效率產生影響，可能因素包括視覺內容轉譯落差、索引詞與檢索詞的一致性、圖像控制詞彙與查詢結果的精確性、圖像資料品質、後設資料著錄內容的專業程度，以及圖像資料與文字資料間相互作用等。綜合研究結果，研究者提出以下建議，典藏單位可利用可用性評估揭露後設資料的使用問題，找出可提升後設資料品質的關鍵因素，建構具更豐富視覺內容元素的後設資料，降低視覺內容轉譯差距；增加查詢條件組合多元性，提升結果精確度；以及強化圖文資料並列的顯示設計，提高辨識效能與效率。

The developments of information technologies and Internet have let the knowledge be able presented in various formats and could be spread around the world in an instant manner. The initiative of digital archives have drawn a lot of attention from various communities and sectors, fruitful resources have been invested into significant amount of project. Besides digitizing collections, creating metadata to be surrogates, which present the collections, to support the needs of finding, identifying, selecting and obtaining the materials needed, is one of the major tasks. The quality of metadata is crucial to accomplish the tasks mentioned aboves. Related studies have been conducted to determin the quality of metadata and most of the studies mainly focused on the completeness, accuracy and consistency of metadata, but took approach from users’ point of view, if the metadata could provide supports to fulfill information needs effectively and efficiently.
This study applied the ideas from usability study to evaluate the level of usability of metadata, from users’ perspectives. This researcher invited the general public, the users who have prior knowledge relates to the collection, as well as information retrieval experts to take parts in this study. Through observing how the participants carried out the retrieval tasks via, the research was able to measure the effectiveness, efficiency and user satisfaction of the level of supportiveness of metadata on information retrieval.
The results show that the completeness and consistency of metadata remain essential factors that influence users satisfaction, the constancy, fruitness and correctness of textual description on graphic image have greater impact on effectiveness, efficiency and user satisfaction of information retrieval when participants searched the contents via text or pictorial components, since digital archives contain major amount of three-dimensional objects. Besides the challenge of describing graphic images via textual data, the consistency of index and search terms, the precision of search results, the quality of images, the degree of specifics of metadata, as well as the interactive display of texts and images also interfere the performance of metadata.
Based on the research results the researcher makes the following suggestions, usability study could be seen as a token to expose the quality of metadata, and the technique to identify the details that could improve the performance of metadata. It is suggested that more diversification visual elements of metadata added could decrease the gap of image translation ladder the precision, advanced search functions could enhance the accuracy of results, as well as display text and image at the same time to increase effectiveness and efficiency of identification.

目次
第一章 緒論 1
第一節 研究背景與動機 1
第二節 研究目的 4
第三節 研究問題 5
第四節 研究範圍與限制 6
第五節 名詞解釋 6
第二章 文獻分析 9
第一節 後設資料與數位典藏內容 9
第二節 後設資料評估之相關研究 20
第三節 可用性與可用性評估 24
第三章 研究設計與實施 41
第一節 研究架構 41
第二節 研究設計 42
第三節 研究場域與對象 43
第四節 資料蒐集 44
第五節 資料整理與分析 47
第六節 研究步驟 49
第四章 研究結果與分析 53
第一節 後設資料支援數位典藏內容檢索效能分析 53
第二節 後設資料支援數位典藏內容檢索效率分析 79
第三節 後設資料支援數位典藏內容檢索的使用者滿意度分析 94
第四節 綜合討論 113
第五章 結論與建議 117
第一節 研究結論 117
第二節 研究建議 120
參考書目 123
一、 中文部分 123
二、 西文部分 126
附錄一　後設資料建置人員訪談問卷（email） 133
附錄二　可用性測試與滿意度問卷（參與者） 135
附錄三　訪談大綱 139

一、中文部分
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余顯強（2007）。以資訊處理觀點論Metadata之本質與意涵。教育資料與圖書館學，45(2)，249-266。
吳樹華（2009）。圖書館異質資源整合檢索系統之使用者介面評估研究（未出版碩士論文）。國立臺灣師範大學圖書資訊學研究所，臺北市。
林巧敏（2013）。檔案檢索系統有無經驗使用者檢索歷程分析。大學圖書館，17(2)，44-65。
林巧敏（2014）。檔案檢索工具易用性評估實例分析。國家圖書館館刊，103(1)，35-62。doi: 10.6146/univj.17-2.03
林佳穎（2010）。圖書館電子資源整合查詢系統之好用性評估：以臺灣大學圖書館Muse電子資源整合查詢系統為例（未出版碩士論文）。國立臺灣大學圖書資訊學系，臺北市。
姜義臺（2009）。圖書館電子資源整合檢索系統優使性之研究－以SmartWeaver為例（未出版碩士論文）。國立中興大學圖書資訊學研究所，臺中市。
後設資料工作組（2003a）。史語所傅斯年圖書館藏善本圖籍數位典藏計畫 善本圖籍後設資料需求規格書(version 0.6)。檢自：http://metadata.teldap.tw/project/filebox/shanben/requirement/ 20030328.pdf
後設資料工作組（2003b）。檔案核心元素與各計畫元素比對。檢自數位典藏國家型科技計畫後設資料工作組：http://metadata.teldap.tw/project/filebox/archive group/analysis_files/AG030807.pdf
後設資料工作組（2008a）。FAQ。檢自數位典藏國家型科技計畫後設資料工作組：http://metadata.teldap.tw/share/share-frame.html
後設資料工作組（2008b）。計畫簡介。檢自數位典藏國家型科技計畫後設資料工作組：http://metadata.teldap.tw/introduction/introduction-frame.html
後設資料工作組（2012）。工作計畫。檢自數位典藏國家型科技計畫後設資料工作組：http://metadata.teldap.tw/project/project-frame.html
後設資料工作組（2013）。參考規範。檢自數位典藏國家型科技計畫後設資料工作組：http://metadata.teldap.tw/standard/standard-frame.html
張淑貞（2010）。以使用者為中心之電子商務網站使用性評估研究（未出版碩士論文）。國立臺灣師範大學圖書資訊學研究所，臺北市。
陳百薰、項潔、姜宗模、洪政欣（2002）。數位博物館探討。博物館學季刊，16(3)，15-37。
陳亞寧、陳淑君（1999）。Metadata 初探。中央研究院計算中心通訊，15(5)，36-43。檢自：http://metadata.teldap.tw/bibliography/journal/jp990301.pdf
陳亞寧、陳淑君（2005）。Metadata在圖書資訊學的研究發展。圖書與資訊學刊，55，51-77。
陳亞寧、江惠英、陳淑君、劉嘉慧（1999）。中央研究院Metadata工作小組第一、二階段報告。中央研究院計算中心通訊，15(8)，70-73。檢自：http://metadata.teldap.tw/bibliography/journal/jp990401.pdf
陳亞寧（2004）。後設資料註冊中心現況發展之研究。教育資料與圖書館學，41(3)，351-371。
陳姿均（2010）。兒童繪本網站使用性研究（未出版碩士論文）。國立臺灣師範大學圖書資訊學研究所，臺北市。
陳昭珍、陳雪華、陳光華（2000）。數位圖書館與博物館metadata管理系統─Metalogy之設計。TANET2000：臺灣區網際網路研討會論文集。臺南市：國立成功大學計算機與網路中心。檢自：http://ir.lib.ntnu.edu.tw/ir/handle/ 309250000Q/21605
陳淑君（2013）。詮釋資料標準。檢自國家教育研究院雙語詞彙、學術名詞暨辭書資訊網：http://terms.naer.edu.tw/detail/1954748/
陳雪華（1999）。博物館典藏品數位化資訊組織之探討。大學圖書館，3(1)，4-16。
黃寬重（2012）。數位時代人文研究的衝擊與蛻變。漢學研究通訊，31(1)，1-6。
楊朝涵（2002）。國外數位典藏的發展？國家數位典藏通訊，3，檢自：http://www2.ndap.org.tw/newsletter06/news/read_news.php?nid=966
廖彩惠、陳泰穎（2009）。從文明科技發展看數位典藏的時代意義－本質、迷思與發展趨勢。國家圖書館館刊，98(2)，85-108。
劉至逢（2009）。大學圖書館網站使用性評估之探討（未出版碩士論文）。國立臺灣師範大學圖書資訊學研究所，臺北市。
數位典藏與數位學習計畫百科（2013a）。數位典藏國家型科技計畫第二期。檢自：http://wiki.teldap.tw/index.php?title=%E6%95%B8%E4%BD%8D%E5%85 %B8%E8%97%8F%E5%9C%8B%E5%AE%B6%E5%9E%8B%E7%A7%91%E6%8A%80%E8%A8%88%E7%95%AB%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%9C%9F
數位典藏與數位學習計畫百科（2013b）。數位典藏與數位學習國家型科技計畫。檢自：http://wiki.teldap.tw/index.php?title=%E6%95%B8%E4%BD%8D%E5%8 5%B8%E8%97%8F%E8%88%87%E6%95%B8%E4%BD%8D%E5%AD%B8%E7%BF%92%E5%9C%8B%E5%AE%B6%E5%9E%8B%E7%A7%91%E6%8A%80%E8%A8%88%E7%95%AB
蔡永橙、黃國倫、邱志義（2007）。數位典藏技術導論。臺北市：臺大出版中心。檢自：http://ebook.iis.sinica.edu.tw/pdf/ch1_Introduction.pdf
蔡佩珊（2011）。醫學校院圖書館網站可用性之研究－以陽明大學圖書館為例（未出版碩士論文）。國立臺灣師範大學圖書資訊學研究所圖書資訊學在職專班，臺北市。
蔡維君（2006）。大學圖書館網站好用性評估－以臺灣大學圖書館網站為例（未出版碩士論文）。國立臺灣大學圖書資訊學研究所，臺北市。
鄭伊廷（2012）。檔案目錄整合檢索系統之優使性研究－以ACROSS為例（未出版碩士論文）。國立政治大學圖書資訊與檔案學研究所，臺北市。
鄭嘉雯（2012）。視障電子圖書館網站好用性評估之研究：以臺北市立圖書館視障電子圖書館為例。國立臺灣大學圖書資訊學系，臺北市。
錢善華（2012）。南島語音樂數位博物館－南島語族音樂數位典藏計畫。人文與社會科學簡訊，13(3)，121-133。
顏瑞瑩、謝寶煖（2014）。官方旅遊網站好用性研究。圖書與資訊學刊，6(1)，24-50。
魏澤群（2005）。使用者最大－從優使性(Usability)出發的網站設計原則。臺北市：網奕資訊科技。
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二、西文部分
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